Top Cited Articles of All Time (2009 edition)

Top Cited Articles of All Time (2009 edition)

The 50 most highly cited papers of All Time (2009 edition)

Keep in mind that citation counts can never be exact, there is something like a 5% error in most of these numbers. Please do not fret about number 32 versus 33, as this is often not a statistically significant difference. Remember the detailed warning about the accuracy of these counts.

Also note that the counts shown, and used in the rankings, are the counts as of Thu 4-Mar-2010. Further, the counts shown by the ranking are only the cites satisfying the criteria for that list. Actual citation numbers in the database may change as corrections are made and papers are added, the links will take you to the updated numbers. The lists, however, will not update.

  1. 35739 Review of Particle Physics By Particle Data Group Citations are counted for all versions of the RPP, most recent version is: Published in:Phys.Lett.B667:1,2008 [2374 Total citations in HEP] [36001 Total Citations to all copies of RPP in HEP]
  2. 7082 A Model of Leptons By Steven Weinberg (MIT, LNS). Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.19:1264-1266,1967 [7087 Total citations in HEP]
  3. 6435 The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity By Juan Martin Maldacena (Harvard U.). Published in:Adv.Theor.Math.Phys.2:231-252,1998, Int.J.Theor.Phys.38:1113-1133,1999 (arXiv:hep-th/9711200) [6662 Total citations in HEP]
  4. 5924 CP Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak Interaction By Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa (Kyoto U.). Published in:Prog.Theor.Phys.49:652-657,1973 [5950 Total citations in HEP]
  5. 5580 First year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: Determination of cosmological parameters By WMAP Collaboration Published in:Astrophys.J.Suppl.148:175-194,2003 (arXiv:astro-ph/0302209) [5652 Total citations in HEP]
  6. 4737 Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 high redshift supernovae By Supernova Cosmology Project Published in:Astrophys.J.517:565-586,1999 (arXiv:astro-ph/9812133) [4816 Total citations in HEP]
  7. 4600 Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant By Supernova Search Team Published in:Astron.J.116:1009-1038,1998 (arXiv:astro-ph/9805201) [4678 Total citations in HEP]
  8. 4502 Maps of dust IR emission for use in estimation of reddening and CMBR foregrounds By David J. Schlegel (Durham U.), Douglas P. Finkbeiner, Marc Davis (UC, Berkeley). Published in:Astrophys.J.500:525,1998 (arXiv:astro-ph/9710327) [4604 Total citations in HEP]
  9. 4416 A Large mass hierarchy from a small extra dimension By Lisa Randall (Princeton U. & MIT, LNS), Raman Sundrum (Boston U.). Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.83:3370-3373,1999 (arXiv:hep-ph/9905221) [4471 Total citations in HEP]
  10. 4357 Anti-de Sitter space and holography By Edward Witten (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study). Published in:Adv.Theor.Math.Phys.2:253-291,1998 (arXiv:hep-th/9802150) [4437 Total citations in HEP]
  11. 3948 Weak Interactions with Lepton-Hadron Symmetry By S.L. Glashow, J. Iliopoulos, L. Maiani (Harvard U.). Published in:Phys.Rev.D2:1285-1292,1970 [3953 Total citations in HEP]
  12. 3940 Asymptotic Freedom in Parton Language By Guido Altarelli (Ecole Normale Superieure), G. Parisi (IHES, Bures-sur-Yvette). Published in:Nucl.Phys.B126:298,1977 [3961 Total citations in HEP]
  13. 3900 The Hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter By Nima Arkani-Hamed (SLAC), Savas Dimopoulos (Stanford U., Phys. Dept.), G.R. Dvali (ICTP, Trieste). Published in:Phys.Lett.B429:263-272,1998 (arXiv:hep-ph/9803315) [3938 Total citations in HEP]
  14. 3896 Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) three year results: implications for cosmology By WMAP Collaboration Published in:Astrophys.J.Suppl.170:377,2007 (arXiv:astro-ph/0603449) [3993 Total citations in HEP]
  15. 3892 An Alternative to compactification By Lisa Randall (Princeton U. & MIT, LNS), Raman Sundrum (Boston U.). Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.83:4690-4693,1999 (arXiv:hep-th/9906064) [3929 Total citations in HEP]
  16. 3868 Partial Symmetries of Weak Interactions By S.L. Glashow (Copenhagen U.). Published in:Nucl.Phys.22:579-588,1961 [3872 Total citations in HEP]
  17. 3852 Gauge theory correlators from noncritical string theory By S.S. Gubser, Igor R. Klebanov, Alexander M. Polyakov (Princeton U.). Published in:Phys.Lett.B428:105-114,1998 (arXiv:hep-th/9802109) [3919 Total citations in HEP]
  18. 3598 QCD and Resonance Physics. Sum Rules By Mikhail A. Shifman, A.I. Vainshtein, Valentin I. Zakharov (Moscow, ITEP). Published in:Nucl.Phys.B147:385-447,1979 [3625 Total citations in HEP]
  19. 3545 Supersymmetry, Supergravity and Particle Physics By Hans Peter Nilles (Geneva U. & CERN). Published in:Phys.Rept.110:1-162,1984 [3562 Total citations in HEP]
  20. 3486 The Inflationary Universe: A Possible Solution to the Horizon and Flatness Problems By Alan H. Guth (SLAC). Published in:Phys.Rev.D23:347-356,1981 [3522 Total citations in HEP]
  21. 3472 Particle Creation by Black Holes By S.W. Hawking (Cambridge U.). Published in:Commun.Math.Phys.43:199-220,1975, Erratum-ibid.46:206-206,1976 [3515 Total citations in HEP]
  22. 3440 The Search for Supersymmetry: Probing Physics Beyond the Standard Model By Howard E. Haber (UC, Santa Cruz & SLAC), Gordon L. Kane (Michigan U.). Published in:Phys.Rept.117:75-263,1985 [3453 Total citations in HEP]
  23. 3318 Evidence for oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos By Super-Kamiokande Collaboration Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.81:1562-1567,1998 (arXiv:hep-ex/9807003) [3324 Total citations in HEP]
  24. 3194 Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity. 1. By Yoichiro Nambu, G. Jona-Lasinio (Chicago U., EFI). Published in:Phys.Rev.122:345-358,1961 [3205 Total citations in HEP]
  25. 3193 Unity of All Elementary Particle Forces By H. Georgi, S.L. Glashow (Harvard U.). Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.32:438-441,1974 [3201 Total citations in HEP]
  26. 3189 Confinement of Quarks By Kenneth G. Wilson (Cornell U., LNS). Published in:Phys.Rev.D10:2445-2459,1974 [3193 Total citations in HEP]
  27. 3173 Unitary Symmetry and Leptonic Decays By Nicola Cabibbo (CERN). Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.10:531-533,1963 [3187 Total citations in HEP]
  28. 3171 Neutrino Oscillations in Matter By L. Wolfenstein (Carnegie Mellon U.). Published in:Phys.Rev.D17:2369-2374,1978 [3180 Total citations in HEP]
  29. 2988 Lepton Number as the Fourth Color By Jogesh C. Pati (Maryland U.), Abdus Salam (ICTP, Trieste & Imperial Coll., London). Published in:Phys.Rev.D10:275-289,1974, Erratum-ibid.D11:703-703,1975 [3002 Total citations in HEP]
  30. 2948 A Planar Diagram Theory for Strong Interactions By Gerard 't Hooft (CERN). Published in:Nucl.Phys.B72:461,1974 [2963 Total citations in HEP]
  31. 2924 Computation of the Quantum Effects Due to a Four-Dimensional Pseudoparticle By Gerard 't Hooft (Harvard U.). Published in:Phys.Rev.D14:3432-3450,1976, Erratum-ibid.D18:2199,1978 [2932 Total citations in HEP]
  32. 2897 New dimensions at a millimeter to a Fermi and superstrings at a TeV By Ignatios Antoniadis (Ecole Polytechnique), Nima Arkani-Hamed (SLAC), Savas Dimopoulos (Stanford U., Phys. Dept.), G.R. Dvali (ICTP, Trieste). Published in:Phys.Lett.B436:257-263,1998 (arXiv:hep-ph/9804398) [2925 Total citations in HEP]
  33. 2769 On gauge invariance and vacuum polarization By Julian S. Schwinger (Harvard U.). Published in:Phys.Rev.82:664-679,1951 [2791 Total citations in HEP]
  34. 2768 High-energy physics event generation with PYTHIA 5.7 and JETSET 7.4 By Torbjorn Sjostrand (CERN). Published in:Comput.Phys.Commun.82:74-90,1994 [2774 Total citations in HEP]
  35. 2696 Radiative Corrections as the Origin of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking By Sidney R. Coleman, Erick J. Weinberg (Harvard U.). Published in:Phys.Rev.D7:1888-1910,1973 [2713 Total citations in HEP]
  36. 2676 First year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: Preliminary maps and basic results By WMAP Collaboration Published in:Astrophys.J.Suppl.148:1,2003 (arXiv:astro-ph/0302207) [2704 Total citations in HEP]
  37. 2597 String theory and noncommutative geometry By Nathan Seiberg, Edward Witten (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study). Published in:JHEP 9909:032,1999 (arXiv:hep-th/9908142) [2621 Total citations in HEP]
  38. 2591 Regularization and Renormalization of Gauge Fields By Gerard 't Hooft, M.J.G. Veltman (Utrecht U.). Published in:Nucl.Phys.B44:189-213,1972 [2596 Total citations in HEP]
  39. 2584 Reliable Perturbative Results for Strong Interactions? By H.David Politzer (Harvard U.). Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.30:1346-1349,1973 [2591 Total citations in HEP]
  40. 2571 Ultraviolet Behavior of Nonabelian Gauge Theories By D.J. Gross, Frank Wilczek (Princeton U.). Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.30:1343-1346,1973 [2577 Total citations in HEP]
  41. 2551 Chiral Perturbation Theory to One Loop By J. Gasser (Bern U.), H. Leutwyler (CERN). Published in:Annals Phys.158:142,1984 [2576 Total citations in HEP]
  42. 2539 Chiral Perturbation Theory: Expansions in the Mass of the Strange Quark By J. Gasser (Bern U.), H. Leutwyler (CERN). Published in:Nucl.Phys.B250:465,1985 [2552 Total citations in HEP]
  43. 2515 Symmetry Breaking Through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies By Gerard 't Hooft (Harvard U.). Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.37:8-11,1976 [2523 Total citations in HEP]
  44. 2505 Axial vector vertex in spinor electrodynamics By Stephen L. Adler (Princeton U.). Published in:Phys.Rev.177:2426-2438,1969 [2512 Total citations in HEP]
  45. 2470 A Universal density profile from hierarchical clustering By Julio F. Navarro (Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.), Carlos S. Frenk (Durham U.), Simon D.M. White (Garching, Max Planck Inst.). Published in:Astrophys.J.490:493-508,1997 (arXiv:astro-ph/9611107) [2539 Total citations in HEP]
  46. 2433 Infinite Conformal Symmetry in Two-Dimensional Quantum Field Theory By A.A. Belavin, Alexander M. Polyakov (Landau Inst.), A.B. Zamolodchikov (CERN & Landau Inst.). Published in:Nucl.Phys.B241:333-380,1984 [2439 Total citations in HEP]
  47. 2372 Neutrino Mass and Spontaneous Parity Violation By Rabindra N. Mohapatra (City Coll., N.Y.), Goran Senjanovic (Maryland U.). Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.44:912,1980 [2387 Total citations in HEP]
  48. 2361 Resonance Amplification of Oscillations in Matter and Spectroscopy of Solar Neutrinos By S.P. Mikheev, A.Yu. Smirnov (Moscow, INR). Published in:Sov.J.Nucl.Phys.42:913-917,1985, Yad.Fiz.42:1441-1448,1985 [2375 Total citations in HEP]
  49. 2355 Exclusive Processes in Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics By G.Peter Lepage (Cornell U., LNS), Stanley J. Brodsky (SLAC). Published in:Phys.Rev.D22:2157,1980 [2371 Total citations in HEP]
  50. 2273 The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction By Jason A. Cardelli, Geoffrey C. Clayton, John S. Mathis (Washburn Observ.). Published in:Astrophys.J.345:245-256,1989 [2327 Total citations in HEP]