Top Cited Articles of All Time (1990 edition)

Top Cited Articles of All Time (1990 edition)

The 50 most highly cited papers of All Time (1990 edition)

Keep in mind that citation counts can never be exact, there is something like a 5% error in most of these numbers. Please do not fret about number 32 versus 33, as this is often not a statistically significant difference. Remember the detailed warning about the accuracy of these counts.

Also note that the counts shown, and used in the rankings, are the counts as of Tue 20-Mar-2007. Further, the counts shown by the ranking are only the cites satisfying the criteria for that list. Actual citation numbers in the database may change as corrections are made and papers are added, the links will take you to the updated numbers. The lists, however, will not update.

  1. 4239
    A Model of Leptons
    By Steven Weinberg (MIT, LNS).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.19:1264-1266,1967
    [6220 Total citations in HEP]
  2. 4230
    Review of Particle Physics
    By Particle Data Group (W.-M. Yao et al.).
    Citations are counted for all versions of the RPP, most recent version is:
    Published in:J.Phys.G33:1-1232,2006
    [673 Total citations in HEP]
    [27778 Total Citations to all copies of RPP in HEP]
  3. 2530
    Weak Interactions with Lepton-Hadron Symmetry
    By S.L. Glashow, J. Iliopoulos, L. Maiani (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D2:1285-1292,1970
    [3525 Total citations in HEP]
  4. 2126
    CP Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak Interaction
    By Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa (Kyoto U.).
    Published in:Prog.Theor.Phys.49:652-657,1973
    [4988 Total citations in HEP]
  5. 1841
    Unity of All Elementary Particle Forces
    By H. Georgi, S.L. Glashow (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.32:438-441,1974
    [2870 Total citations in HEP]
  6. 1789
    Partial Symmetries of Weak Interactions
    By S.L. Glashow (Copenhagen U.).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.22:579-588,1961
    [3297 Total citations in HEP]
  7. 1744
    Confinement of Quarks
    By Kenneth G. Wilson (Cornell U., LNS).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D10:2445-2459,1974
    [2930 Total citations in HEP]
  8. 1405
    Ultraviolet Behavior of Nonabelian Gauge Theories
    By D.J. Gross, Frank Wilczek (Princeton U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.30:1343-1346,1973
    [2265 Total citations in HEP]
  9. 1388
    Reliable Perturbative Results for Strong Interactions?
    By H.David Politzer (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.30:1346-1349,1973
    [2279 Total citations in HEP]
  10. 1359
    Lepton Number as the Fourth Color
    By Jogesh C. Pati (Maryland U.), Abdus Salam (ICTP, Trieste & Imperial Coll., London).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D10:275-289,1974, Erratum-ibid.D11:703-703,1975
    [2651 Total citations in HEP]
  11. 1283
    Axial vector vertex in spinor electrodynamics
    By Stephen L. Adler (Princeton U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.177:2426-2438,1969
    [2268 Total citations in HEP]
  12. 1267
    Vacuum Configurations for Superstrings
    By P. Candelas (Texas U. & Santa Barbara, KITP), Gary T. Horowitz (UC, Santa Barbara), Andrew Strominger (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study), Edward Witten (Princeton U.).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B258:46-74,1985
    [1926 Total citations in HEP]
  13. 1265
    Radiative Corrections as the Origin of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
    By Sidney R. Coleman, E. Weinberg (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D7:1888-1910,1973
    [2339 Total citations in HEP]
  14. 1256
    Asymptotic Freedom in Parton Language
    By Guido Altarelli (Ecole Normale Superieure), G. Parisi (IHES, Bures-sur-Yvette).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B126:298,1977
    [3488 Total citations in HEP]
  15. 1196
    Hadron Masses in a Gauge Theory
    By A. De Rujula, Howard Georgi, S.L. Glashow (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D12:147-162,1975
    [1795 Total citations in HEP]
  16. 1185
    Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle J
    By E598 Collaboration (J.J. Aubert et al.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.33:1404-1406,1974
    [1506 Total citations in HEP]
  17. 1118
    QCD and Resonance Physics. Sum Rules
    By Mikhail A. Shifman, A.I. Vainshtein, Valentin I. Zakharov (Moscow, ITEP).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B147:385-447,1979
    [3185 Total citations in HEP]
  18. 1111
    Computation of the Quantum Effects Due to a Four-Dimensional Pseudoparticle
    By Gerard 't Hooft (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D14:3432-3450,1976, Erratum-ibid.D18:2199,1978
    [2687 Total citations in HEP]
  19. 1105
    Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in e+ e- Annihilation
    By SLAC-SP-017 Collaboration (J.E. Augustin et al.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.33:1406-1408,1974
    [1417 Total citations in HEP]
  20. 1094
    Pseudoparticle Solutions of the Yang-Mills Equations
    By A.A. Belavin, Alexander M. Polyakov, A.S. Shvarts, Yu.S. Tyupkin (Landau Inst.).
    Published in:Phys.Lett.B59:85-87,1975
    [1940 Total citations in HEP]
  21. 1072
    Regularization and Renormalization of Gauge Fields
    By Gerard 't Hooft, M.J.G. Veltman (Utrecht U.).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B44:189-213,1972
    [2307 Total citations in HEP]
  22. 1071
    Symmetry Breaking Through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies
    By Gerard 't Hooft (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.37:8-11,1976
    [2314 Total citations in HEP]
  23. 1066
    A New Extended Model of Hadrons
    By A. Chodos, R.L. Jaffe, K. Johnson, Charles B. Thorn, V.F. Weisskopf (MIT, LNS).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D9:3471-3495,1974
    [1642 Total citations in HEP]
  24. 1063
    Heterotic String Theory. 1. The Free Heterotic String
    By David J. Gross, Jeffrey A. Harvey, Emil J. Martinec, Ryan Rohm (Princeton U.).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B256:253,1985
    [1406 Total citations in HEP]
  25. 1060
    Quantum Geometry of Bosonic Strings
    By Alexander M. Polyakov (Landau Inst.).
    Published in:Phys.Lett.B103:207-210,1981
    [1916 Total citations in HEP]
  26. 1022
    Magnetic Monopoles in Unified Gauge Theories
    By Gerard 't Hooft (CERN).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B79:276-284,1974
    [1845 Total citations in HEP]
  27. 1013
    Super Collider Physics
    By E. Eichten (Fermilab), I. Hinchliffe (LBL, Berkeley), Kenneth D. Lane (Ohio State U.), C. Quigg (Fermilab).
    Published in:Rev.Mod.Phys.56:579-707,1984, Addendum-ibid.58:1065-1073,1986
    [1779 Total citations in HEP]
  28. 1012
    A PCAC puzzle: pi0 --> gamma gamma in the sigma model
    By J.S. Bell, R. Jackiw (CERN).
    Published in:Nuovo Cim.A60:47-61,1969
    [1919 Total citations in HEP]
  29. 1010
    Infinite Conformal Symmetry in Two-Dimensional Quantum Field Theory
    By A.A. Belavin, Alexander M. Polyakov (Landau Inst.), A.B. Zamolodchikov (CERN & Landau Inst.).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B241:333-380,1984
    [2262 Total citations in HEP]
  30. 1004
    Asymptotically Free Gauge Theories. 1
    By D.J. Gross (Fermilab & Princeton U.), Frank Wilczek (Princeton U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D8:3633-3652,1973
    [1433 Total citations in HEP]
  31. 983
    A Parametrization of the Properties of Quark Jets
    By R.D. Field, R.P. Feynman (Caltech).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B136:1,1978
    [1301 Total citations in HEP]
  32. 972
    Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity. 1.
    By Yoichiro Nambu, G. Jona-Lasinio (Chicago U., EFI).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.122:345-358,1961
    [2760 Total citations in HEP]
  33. 967
    The Inflationary Universe: A Possible Solution to the Horizon and Flatness Problems
    By Alan H. Guth (SLAC).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D23:347-356,1981
    [2830 Total citations in HEP]
  34. 953
    The Heterotic String
    By David J. Gross, Jeffrey A. Harvey, Emil J. Martinec, Ryan Rohm (Princeton U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.54:502-505,1985
    [1271 Total citations in HEP]
  35. 938
    Hierarchy of Interactions in Unified Gauge Theories
    By H. Georgi, Helen R. Quinn, Steven Weinberg (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.33:451-454,1974
    [1378 Total citations in HEP]
  36. 938
    Anomaly Cancellation in Supersymmetric D=10 Gauge Theory and Superstring Theory
    By Michael B. Green (Queen Mary, U. of London & Caltech), John H. Schwarz (Caltech).
    Published in:Phys.Lett.B149:117-122,1984
    [1827 Total citations in HEP]
  37. 935
    Masses and Other Parameters of the Light Hadrons
    By Thomas A. DeGrand, R.L. Jaffe, K. Johnson, J.E. Kiskis (MIT, LNS).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D12:2060,1975
    [1255 Total citations in HEP]
  38. 859
    Gauge Theories
    By E.S. Abers, B.W. Lee (SUNY, Stony Brook).
    Published in:Phys.Rept.9:1-141,1973
    [1070 Total citations in HEP]
  39. 853
    Supergauge Transformations in Four-Dimensions
    By J. Wess (Karlsruhe U.), B. Zumino (CERN).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B70:39-50,1974
    [1320 Total citations in HEP]
  40. 850
    Search for Charm
    By Mary K. Gaillard, Benjamin W. Lee (Fermilab), Jonathan L. Rosner (Minnesota U.).
    Published in:Rev.Mod.Phys.47:277,1975
    [919 Total citations in HEP]
  41. 842
    Nonlagrangian models of current algebra
    By Kenneth G. Wilson (Cornell U., LNS).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.179:1499-1512,1969
    [1338 Total citations in HEP]
  42. 836
    CP Conservation in the Presence of Instantons
    By R.D. Peccei, Helen R. Quinn (Stanford U., ITP).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.38:1440-1443,1977
    [1707 Total citations in HEP]
  43. 836
    Consequences of anomalous Ward identities
    By J. Wess (CERN & Karlsruhe U.), B. Zumino (CERN).
    Published in:Phys.Lett.B37:95,1971
    [1712 Total citations in HEP]
  44. 827
    On gauge invariance and vacuum polarization
    By Julian S. Schwinger (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.82:664-679,1951
    [2346 Total citations in HEP]
  45. 823
    Global Aspects of Current Algebra
    By Edward Witten (Princeton U.).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B223:422-432,1983
    [1651 Total citations in HEP]
  46. 823
    Superstring Theory
    By John H. Schwarz (Caltech).
    Published in:Phys.Rept.89:223-322,1982
    [1002 Total citations in HEP]
  47. 810
    Conservation of Isotopic Spin and Isotopic Gauge Invariance
    By Chen-Ning Yang, Robert L. Mills (Brookhaven).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.96:191-195,1954
    [1199 Total citations in HEP]
  48. 806
    QCD and Resonance Physics: Applications
    By Mikhail A. Shifman, A.I. Vainshtein, Valentin I. Zakharov (Moscow, ITEP).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B147:448-518,1979
    [1993 Total citations in HEP]
  49. 806
    Observation of a Dimuon Resonance at 9.5-GeV in 400-GeV Proton-Nucleus Collisions
    By S.W. Herb, D.C. Hom, L.M. Lederman, J.C. Sens, H.D. Snyder, J.K. Yoh (Columbia U.), J.A. Appel, B.C. Brown, C.N. Brown, Walter R. Innes, K. Ueno, T. Yamanouchi (Fermilab), A.S. Ito, H. Jostlein, D.M. Kaplan, Robert D. Kephart (SUNY, Stony Brook).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.39:252-255,1977
    [1106 Total citations in HEP]
  50. 804
    A Planar Diagram Theory for Strong Interactions
    By Gerard 't Hooft (CERN).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B72:461,1974
    [2512 Total citations in HEP]