Top Cited Articles of All Time (2007 edition)

Top Cited Articles of All Time (2007 edition)

The 50 most highly cited papers of All Time (2007 edition)

Keep in mind that citation counts can never be exact, there is something like a 5% error in most of these numbers. Please do not fret about number 32 versus 33, as this is often not a statistically significant difference. Remember the detailed warning about the accuracy of these counts.

Also note that the counts shown, and used in the rankings, are the counts as of Fri 4-Jan-2008. Further, the counts shown by the ranking are only the cites satisfying the criteria for that list. Actual citation numbers in the database may change as corrections are made and papers are added, the links will take you to the updated numbers. The lists, however, will not update.

  1. 29971
    Review of Particle Physics
    By Particle Data Group (W.-M. Yao et al.).
    Citations are counted for all versions of the RPP, most recent version is:
    Published in:J.Phys.G33:1-1232,2006
    [1996 Total citations in HEP]
    [29996 Total Citations to all copies of RPP in HEP]
  2. 6512
    A Model of Leptons
    By Steven Weinberg (MIT, LNS).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.19:1264-1266,1967
    [6512 Total citations in HEP]
  3. 5264
    CP Violation in the Renormalizable Theory of Weak Interaction
    By Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa (Kyoto U.).
    Published in:Prog.Theor.Phys.49:652-657,1973
    [5267 Total citations in HEP]
  4. 4964
    The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity
    By Juan Martin Maldacena (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Adv.Theor.Math.Phys.2:231-252,1998, Int.J.Theor.Phys.38:1113-1133,1999 [arXiv: hep-th/9711200]
    [5042 Total citations in HEP]
  5. 4573
    First year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: Determination of cosmological parameters
    By WMAP Collaboration (D.N. Spergel et al.).
    Published in:Astrophys.J.Suppl.148:175,2003 [arXiv: astro-ph/0302209]
    [4578 Total citations in HEP]
  6. 3643
    Weak Interactions with Lepton-Hadron Symmetry
    By S.L. Glashow, J. Iliopoulos, L. Maiani (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D2:1285-1292,1970
    [3644 Total citations in HEP]
  7. 3626
    Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 high redshift supernovae
    By Supernova Cosmology Project (S. Perlmutter et al.).
    Published in:Astrophys.J.517:565-586,1999 [arXiv: astro-ph/9812133]
    [3632 Total citations in HEP]
  8. 3619
    Asymptotic Freedom in Parton Language
    By Guido Altarelli (Ecole Normale Superieure), G. Parisi (IHES, Bures-sur-Yvette).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B126:298,1977
    [3620 Total citations in HEP]
  9. 3597
    A Large mass hierarchy from a small extra dimension
    By Lisa Randall (Princeton U. & MIT, LNS), Raman Sundrum (Boston U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.83:3370-3373,1999 [arXiv: hep-ph/9905221]
    [3601 Total citations in HEP]
  10. 3517
    Partial Symmetries of Weak Interactions
    By S.L. Glashow (Copenhagen U.).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.22:579-588,1961
    [3517 Total citations in HEP]
  11. 3477
    Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant
    By Supernova Search Team (Adam G. Riess et al.).
    Published in:Astron.J.116:1009-1038,1998 [arXiv: astro-ph/9805201]
    [3479 Total citations in HEP]
  12. 3398
    Anti-de Sitter space and holography
    By Edward Witten (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study).
    Published in:Adv.Theor.Math.Phys.2:253-291,1998 [arXiv: hep-th/9802150]
    [3402 Total citations in HEP]
  13. 3388
    Maps of dust IR emission for use in estimation of reddening and CMBR foregrounds
    By David J. Schlegel (Durham U.), Douglas P. Finkbeiner, Marc Davis (UC, Berkeley).
    Published in:Astrophys.J.500:525,1998 [arXiv: astro-ph/9710327]
    [3391 Total citations in HEP]
  14. 3323
    The Hierarchy problem and new dimensions at a millimeter
    By Nima Arkani-Hamed (SLAC), Savas Dimopoulos (Stanford U., Phys. Dept.), G.R. Dvali (ICTP, Trieste).
    Published in:Phys.Lett.B429:263-272,1998 [arXiv: hep-ph/9803315]
    [3327 Total citations in HEP]
  15. 3293
    An Alternative to compactification
    By Lisa Randall (Princeton U. & MIT, LNS), Raman Sundrum (Boston U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.83:4690-4693,1999 [arXiv: hep-th/9906064]
    [3298 Total citations in HEP]
  16. 3289
    QCD and Resonance Physics. Sum Rules
    By Mikhail A. Shifman, A.I. Vainshtein, Valentin I. Zakharov (Moscow, ITEP).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B147:385-447,1979
    [3290 Total citations in HEP]
  17. 3237
    Supersymmetry, Supergravity and Particle Physics
    By Hans Peter Nilles (Geneva U. & CERN).
    Published in:Phys.Rept.110:1,1984
    [3237 Total citations in HEP]
  18. 3153
    The Search for Supersymmetry: Probing Physics Beyond the Standard Model
    By Howard E. Haber (UC, Santa Cruz & SLAC), Gordon L. Kane (Michigan U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rept.117:75-263,1985
    [3153 Total citations in HEP]
  19. 3001
    Confinement of Quarks
    By Kenneth G. Wilson (Cornell U., LNS).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D10:2445-2459,1974
    [3001 Total citations in HEP]
  20. 2993
    The Inflationary Universe: A Possible Solution to the Horizon and Flatness Problems
    By Alan H. Guth (SLAC).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D23:347-356,1981
    [2997 Total citations in HEP]
  21. 2986
    Gauge theory correlators from noncritical string theory
    By S.S. Gubser, Igor R. Klebanov, Alexander M. Polyakov (Princeton U.).
    Published in:Phys.Lett.B428:105-114,1998 [arXiv: hep-th/9802109]
    [2986 Total citations in HEP]
  22. 2966
    Evidence for oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos
    By Super-Kamiokande Collaboration (Y. Fukuda et al.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.81:1562-1567,1998 [arXiv: hep-ex/9807003]
    [2967 Total citations in HEP]
  23. 2951
    Unity of All Elementary Particle Forces
    By H. Georgi, S.L. Glashow (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.32:438-441,1974
    [2952 Total citations in HEP]
  24. 2916
    Neutrino Oscillations in Matter
    By L. Wolfenstein (Carnegie Mellon U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D17:2369,1978
    [2916 Total citations in HEP]
  25. 2869
    Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity. 1.
    By Yoichiro Nambu, G. Jona-Lasinio (Chicago U., EFI).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.122:345-358,1961
    [2870 Total citations in HEP]
  26. 2852
    Particle Creation by Black Holes
    By S.W. Hawking (Cambridge U.).
    Published in:Commun.Math.Phys.43:199-220,1975, Erratum-ibid.46:206-206,1976
    [2855 Total citations in HEP]
  27. 2743
    Computation of the Quantum Effects Due to a Four-Dimensional Pseudoparticle
    By Gerard 't Hooft (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D14:3432-3450,1976, Erratum-ibid.D18:2199,1978
    [2744 Total citations in HEP]
  28. 2740
    Lepton Number as the Fourth Color
    By Jogesh C. Pati (Maryland U.), Abdus Salam (ICTP, Trieste & Imperial Coll., London).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D10:275-289,1974, Erratum-ibid.D11:703-703,1975
    [2742 Total citations in HEP]
  29. 2648
    A Planar Diagram Theory for Strong Interactions
    By Gerard 't Hooft (CERN).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B72:461,1974
    [2648 Total citations in HEP]
  30. 2555
    High-energy physics event generation with PYTHIA 5.7 and JETSET 7.4
    By Torbjorn Sjostrand (CERN).
    Published in:Comput.Phys.Commun.82:74-90,1994
    [2555 Total citations in HEP]
  31. 2527
    Unitary Symmetry and Leptonic Decays
    By N. Cabibbo (CERN).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.10:531-532,1963
    [2530 Total citations in HEP]
  32. 2503
    New dimensions at a millimeter to a Fermi and superstrings at a TeV
    By Ignatios Antoniadis (Ecole Polytechnique), Nima Arkani-Hamed (SLAC), Savas Dimopoulos (Stanford U., Phys. Dept.), G.R. Dvali (ICTP, Trieste).
    Published in:Phys.Lett.B436:257-263,1998 [arXiv: hep-ph/9804398]
    [2507 Total citations in HEP]
  33. 2443
    Radiative Corrections as the Origin of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
    By Sidney R. Coleman, E. Weinberg (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D7:1888-1910,1973
    [2445 Total citations in HEP]
  34. 2440
    On gauge invariance and vacuum polarization
    By Julian S. Schwinger (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.82:664-679,1951
    [2441 Total citations in HEP]
  35. 2389
    Regularization and Renormalization of Gauge Fields
    By Gerard 't Hooft, M.J.G. Veltman (Utrecht U.).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B44:189-213,1972
    [2389 Total citations in HEP]
  36. 2363
    Reliable Perturbative Results for Strong Interactions?
    By H.David Politzer (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.30:1346-1349,1973
    [2366 Total citations in HEP]
  37. 2360
    Symmetry Breaking Through Bell-Jackiw Anomalies
    By Gerard 't Hooft (Harvard U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.37:8-11,1976
    [2360 Total citations in HEP]
  38. 2350
    Ultraviolet Behavior of Nonabelian Gauge Theories
    By D.J. Gross, Frank Wilczek (Princeton U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.Lett.30:1343-1346,1973
    [2353 Total citations in HEP]
  39. 2310
    Axial vector vertex in spinor electrodynamics
    By Stephen L. Adler (Princeton U.).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.177:2426-2438,1969
    [2311 Total citations in HEP]
  40. 2301
    Infinite Conformal Symmetry in Two-Dimensional Quantum Field Theory
    By A.A. Belavin, Alexander M. Polyakov (Landau Inst.), A.B. Zamolodchikov (CERN & Landau Inst.).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B241:333-380,1984
    [2302 Total citations in HEP]
  41. 2292
    String theory and noncommutative geometry
    By Nathan Seiberg, Edward Witten (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study).
    Published in:JHEP 9909:032,1999 [arXiv: hep-th/9908142]
    [2293 Total citations in HEP]
  42. 2272
    Chiral Perturbation Theory: Expansions in the Mass of the Strange Quark
    By J. Gasser (Bern U.), H. Leutwyler (CERN).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B250:465,1985
    [2272 Total citations in HEP]
  43. 2261
    First year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) observations: Preliminary maps and basic results
    By WMAP Collaboration (C.L. Bennett et al.).
    Published in:Astrophys.J.Suppl.148:1,2003 [arXiv: astro-ph/0302207]
    [2262 Total citations in HEP]
  44. 2248
    Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) three year results: implications for cosmology
    By WMAP Collaboration (D.N. Spergel et al.).
    Published in:Astrophys.J.Suppl.170:377,2007 [arXiv: astro-ph/0603449]
    [2267 Total citations in HEP]
  45. 2236
    Chiral Perturbation Theory to One Loop
    By J. Gasser (Bern U.), H. Leutwyler (CERN).
    Published in:Annals Phys.158:142,1984
    [2236 Total citations in HEP]
  46. 2170
    Resonance Amplification of Oscillations in Matter and Spectroscopy of Solar Neutrinos
    By S.P. Mikheev, A.Yu. Smirnov (Moscow, INR).
    Published in:Sov.J.Nucl.Phys.42:913-917,1985, Yad.Fiz.42:1441-1448,1985
    [2179 Total citations in HEP]
  47. 2100
    Exclusive Processes in Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics
    By G.Peter Lepage (Cornell U., LNS), Stanley J. Brodsky (SLAC).
    Published in:Phys.Rev.D22:2157,1980
    [2102 Total citations in HEP]
  48. 2029
    QCD and Resonance Physics: Applications
    By Mikhail A. Shifman, A.I. Vainshtein, Valentin I. Zakharov (Moscow, ITEP).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B147:448-518,1979
    [2030 Total citations in HEP]
  49. 1970
    Pseudoparticle Solutions of the Yang-Mills Equations
    By A.A. Belavin, Alexander M. Polyakov, A.S. Shvarts, Yu.S. Tyupkin (Landau Inst.).
    Published in:Phys.Lett.B59:85-87,1975
    [1972 Total citations in HEP]
  50. 1958
    Vacuum Configurations for Superstrings
    By P. Candelas (Texas U. & Santa Barbara, KITP), Gary T. Horowitz (UC, Santa Barbara), Andrew Strominger (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study), Edward Witten (Princeton U.).
    Published in:Nucl.Phys.B258:46-74,1985
    [1958 Total citations in HEP]