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All Time Top Cited High-Energy Physics Articles
 
1999 Edition 		Top Cited Articles, from the E-print archives

Based on data from the SPIRES-HEP Literature Database, SLAC Library

High-energy physics articles with the most citations in the SPIRES-HEP database

Positions are based on the number of citations in the SPIRES-HEP database [SLAC-SPIRES] between 1974 and 1999 (including both boundary years). Journal articles with more than 1,000 citations are included. The situation may change with time. For your convenience, pointers to today's number of citations are also added.

See also the list of articles with the most citations in 1999 and a review of the most cited HEP articles in 1999.

In a category of its own:

  1. REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS.
    By Particle Data Group ( R.M.Barnett, et al.).
    Earlier editions were titled 'Review of Particle Properties.'
    Published in Eur.Phys.J.C3:1-794,1998
    2300 citations to this edition on December 31, 1999.
    11114 citations to the thirteen editions, 1974-1999, on December 31, 1999.
    (Number of citations to this edition today)
    (Number of citations to all editions today)

    Other most cited papers:

  2. A MODEL OF LEPTONS
    By S. Weinberg (MIT, LNS).
    Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.19:1264-1266,1967
    4982 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  3. CP VIOLATION IN THE RENORMALIZABLE THEORY OF WEAK INTERACTION
    By M. Kobayashi, T. Maskawa (Kyoto U.).
    Published in Prog.Theor.Phys.49:652-657,1973
    3117 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  4. WEAK INTERACTIONS WITH LEPTON - HADRON SYMMETRY
    By S.L. Glashow, J. Iliopoulos, L. Maiani (Harvard U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D2:1285-1292,1970
    2798 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  5. PARTIAL SYMMETRIES OF WEAK INTERACTIONS
    By S.L. Glashow (Copenhagen U.).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.22:579-588,1961
    2491 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  6. ASYMPTOTIC FREEDOM IN PARTON LANGUAGE
    By G. Altarelli (Ecole Normale Superieure), G. Parisi (IHES, Bures).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B126:298,1977
    2404 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  7. UNITY OF ALL ELEMENTARY PARTICLE FORCES
    By H. Georgi, S.L. Glashow (Harvard U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.32:438-441,1974
    2296 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  8. CONFINEMENT OF QUARKS
    By Kenneth G. Wilson (Cornell U., LNS).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D10:2445-2459,1974
    2282 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  9. QCD AND RESONANCE PHYSICS. NONPERTURBATIVE EFFECTS IN OPERATOR EXPANSION
    By M.A. Shifman, A.I. Vainshtein, V.I. Zakharov (Moscow, ITEP).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B147:385,1979
    2130 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  10. SUPERSYMMETRY, SUPERGRAVITY AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
    By H.P. Nilles (Geneva U. & CERN).
    Published in Phys.Rept.110:1,1984
    2082 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  11. LEPTON NUMBER AS THE FOURTH COLOR
    By Jogesh C. Pati (Maryland U.), Abdus Salam (ICTP, Trieste & Imperial Coll., London).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D10:275-289,1974
    2001 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  12. COMPUTATION OF THE QUANTUM EFFECTS DUE TO A FOUR-DIMENSIONAL PSEUDOPARTICLE
    By G. 't Hooft (Harvard U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D14:3432-3450,1976 (Erratum-ibid D18:2199,1978)
    2000 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  13. THE SEARCH FOR SUPERSYMMETRY: PROBING PHYSICS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL
    By Howard E. Haber (UC, Santa Cruz & SLAC), G.L. Kane (Michigan U.).
    Published in Phys.Rept.117:75,1985
    1992 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  14. DYNAMICAL MODEL OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES BASED ON AN ANALOGY WITH SUPERCONDUCTIVITY. I
    By Y. Nambu, G. Jona-Lasinio (Chicago U., EFI).
    Published in Phys.Rev.122:345-358,1961
    1933 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  15. INFINITE CONFORMAL SYMMETRY IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM FIELD THEORY
    By A.A. Belavin, A.M. Polyakov (Landau Inst.), A.B. Zamolodchikov (CERN & Landau Inst.).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B241:333-380,1984
    1846 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  16. RADIATIVE CORRECTIONS AS THE ORIGIN OF SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING
    By S. Coleman, E. Weinberg (Harvard U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D7:1888-1910,1973
    1805 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  17. SYMMETRY BREAKING THROUGH BELL-JACKIW ANOMALIES
    By G. 't Hooft (Harvard U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.37:8-11,1976
    1796 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  18. RELIABLE PERTURBATIVE RESULTS FOR STRONG INTERACTIONS?
    By H.D. Politzer (Harvard U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.30:1346-1349,1973
    1773 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  19. ULTRAVIOLET BEHAVIOR OF NONABELIAN GAUGE THEORIES
    By D.J. Gross, F. Wilczek (Princeton U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.30:1343-1346,1973
    1763 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  20. THE INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE: A POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO THE HORIZON AND FLATNESS PROBLEMS
    By Alan H. Guth (SLAC).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D23:347-356,1981
    1689 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  21. REGULARIZATION AND RENORMALIZATION OF GAUGE FIELDS
    By G. 't Hooft, M. Veltman (Utrecht U.).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B44:189-213,1972
    1663 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  22. AXIAL VECTOR VERTEX IN SPINOR ELECTRODYNAMICS
    By S.L. Adler (Princeton U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.177:2426-2438,1969
    1658 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  23. QUANTUM GEOMETRY OF BOSONIC STRINGS
    By A.M. Polyakov (Landau Inst.).
    Published in Phys.Lett.B103:207-210,1981
    1594 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  24. VACUUM CONFIGURATIONS FOR SUPERSTRINGS
    By P. Candelas (Texas U. & Santa Barbara, ITP), Gary T. Horowitz (UC, Santa Barbara), Andrew Strominger (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study), Edward Witten (Princeton U.).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B258:46-74,1985
    1556 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  25. QCD AND RESONANCE PHYSICS. VECTOR NONET
    By M.A. Shifman, A.I. Vainshtein, V.I. Zakharov (Moscow, ITEP).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B147:448,1979
    1520 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  26. SUPER COLLIDER PHYSICS
    By E. Eichten (Fermilab), I. Hinchliffe (LBL, Berkeley), K. Lane (Ohio State U.), C. Quigg (Fermilab).
    Published in Rev.Mod.Phys.56:579-707,1984 (Addendum-ibid 58:1065-1073,1986)
    1490 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  27. A PLANAR DIAGRAM THEORY FOR STRONG INTERACTIONS
    By G. 't Hooft (CERN).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B72:461,1974
    1511 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  28. NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS IN MATTER
    By L. Wolfenstein (Carnegie Mellon U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D17:2369,1978
    1502 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  29. PSEUDOPARTICLE SOLUTIONS OF THE YANG-MILLS EQUATIONS
    By A.A Belavin, A.M. Polyakov, A.S. Shvarts, Yu.S. Tyupkin (Landau Inst.).
    Published in Phys.Lett.59B:85-87,1975
    1497 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  30. ON GAUGE INVARIANCE AND VACUUM POLARIZATION
    By Julian Schwinger (Harvard U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.82:664-679,1951
    1493 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  31. A PCAC PUZZLE: PI0 --> GAMMA GAMMA IN THE SIGMA MODEL
    By J.S. Bell, R. Jackiw (CERN).
    Published in Nuovo Cim.A60:47-61,1969
    1474 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  32. MAGNETIC MONOPOLES IN UNIFIED GAUGE THEORIES
    By G. 't Hooft (CERN).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B79:276-284,1974
    1388 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  33. HADRON MASSES IN A GAUGE THEORY
    By A. De Rujula, Howard Georgi, S.L. Glashow (Harvard U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D12:147-162,1975
    1380 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  34. SYMMETRY BEHAVIOR AT FINITE TEMPERATURE
    By L. Dolan, R. Jackiw (MIT, LNS).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D9:3320-3341,1974
    1347 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  35. ANOMALY CANCELLATIONS IN SUPERSYMMETRIC D = 10 GAUGE THEORY REQUIRE SO(32)
    By Michael B. Green (Queen Mary - Westfield Coll. & Cal Tech), John H. Schwarz (Cal Tech).
    Published in Phys.Lett.149B:117-122,1984
    1338 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  36. PARTICLE CREATION BY BLACK HOLES
    By S.W. Hawking (Cambridge U.).
    Published in Commun.Math.Phys.43:199-220,1975
    1328 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  37. CONSEQUENCES OF ANOMALOUS WARD IDENTITIES
    By J. Wess (CERN & Karlsruhe U.), B. Zumino (CERN).
    Published in Phys.Lett.37B:95,1971
    1313 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  38. THE LUND MONTE CARLO FOR JET FRAGMENTATION AND E+ E- PHYSICS: JETSET VERSION 6.3: AN UPDATE
    By Torbjorn Sjostrand, Mats Bengtsson (Lund U.).
    Published in Comput.Phys.Commun.43:367,1987
    1307 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  39. QUARK MASSES
    By J. Gasser, H. Leutwyler (Bern U.).
    Published in Phys.Rept.87:77-169,1982
    1299 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  40. A NEW EXTENDED MODEL OF HADRONS
    By A. Chodos, R.L. Jaffe, K. Johnson, C.B. Thorn, V.F. Weisskopf (MIT, LNS).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D9:3471-3495,1974
    1274 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  41. HETEROTIC STRING THEORY. 1. THE FREE HETEROTIC STRING
    By David J. Gross, Jeffrey A. Harvey, Emil Martinec, Ryan Rohm (Princeton U.).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B256:253,1985
    1270 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  42. CP CONSERVATION IN THE PRESENCE OF INSTANTONS
    By R.D. Peccei, Helen R. Quinn (Stanford U., ITP).
    Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.38:1440-1443,1977
    1251 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  43. PARTON FRAGMENTATION AND STRING DYNAMICS
    By B. Andersson, G. Gustafson, G. Ingelman, T. Sjostrand (Lund U.).
    Published in Phys.Rept.97:31,1983
    1229 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  44. NONABELIAN BOSONIZATION IN TWO-DIMENSIONS
    By Edward Witten (Princeton U.).
    Published in Commun.Math.Phys.92:455-472,1984
    1224 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  45. THE RENORMALIZATION GROUP AND THE EPSILON EXPANSION
    By K.G. Wilson (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study & Cornell U., LNS), J. Kogut (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study).
    Published in Phys.Rept.12:75-200,1974
    1189 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  46. HIERARCHY OF INTERACTIONS IN UNIFIED GAUGE THEORIES
    By H. Georgi, H.R. Quinn, S. Weinberg (Harvard U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.33:451-454,1974
    1182 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  47. EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF A HEAVY PARTICLE J
    By J.J. Aubert, U. Becker, P.J. Biggs, J. Burger, M. Chen, G. Everhart, P. Goldhagen, J. Leong, T. McCorriston, T.G. Rhoades, M. Rohde, Samuel C.C. Ting, Sau Lan Wu (MIT, LNS), Y.Y. Lee (Brookhaven).
    Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.33:1404-1406,1974
    1179 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  48. ASYMPTOTICALLY FREE GAUGE THEORIES. I
    By D.J. Gross, F. Wilczek (Fermilab & Princeton U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D8:3633-3652,1973
    1167 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  49. GLOBAL ASPECTS OF CURRENT ALGEBRA
    By Edward Witten (Princeton U.).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B223:422,1983
    1167 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  50. CHIRAL PERTURBATION THEORY: EXPANSIONS IN THE MASS OF THE STRANGE QUARK
    By J. Gasser (Bern U.), H. Leutwyler (CERN).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B250:465,1985
    1161 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  51. CHIRAL PERTURBATION THEORY TO ONE LOOP
    By J. Gasser (Bern U.), H. Leutwyler (CERN).
    Published in Annals Phys.158:142,1984
    1160 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  52. EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES IN PERTURBATIVE QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS
    By G.Peter Lepage (Cornell U., LNS), Stanley J. Brodsky (SLAC).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D22:2157,1980
    1159 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  53. DYNAMICAL BREAKING OF SUPERSYMMETRY
    By Edward Witten (Princeton U.).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B188:513,1981
    1153 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  54. A PARAMETRIZATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF QUARK JETS
    By R.D. Field, R.P. Feynman (Cal Tech).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B136:1,1978
    1151 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  55. VORTEX LINE MODELS FOR DUAL STRINGS
    By H.B. Nielsen, P. Olesen (Bohr Inst.).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B61:45-61,1973
    1148 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  56. ELECTRIC - MAGNETIC DUALITY, MONOPOLE CONDENSATION, AND CONFINEMENT IN N=2 SUPERSYMMETRIC YANG-MILLS THEORY
    By N. Seiberg (Rutgers U., Piscataway & Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study), E. Witten (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B426:19-52,1994 (Erratum-ibid B430:485-486,1994)
    e-Print Archive: hep-th/9407087
    1119 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  57. THE HETEROTIC STRING
    By David J. Gross, Jeffrey A. Harvey, Emil Martinec, Ryan Rohm (Princeton U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.54:502-505,1985
    1110 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  58. THE LARGE N LIMIT OF SUPERCONFORMAL FIELD THEORIES AND SUPERGRAVITY
    By Juan Maldacena (Harvard U.).
    Published in Adv.Theor.Math.Phys.2:231-252,1998
    e-Print Archive: hep-th/9711200
    1110 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  59. DISCOVERY OF A NARROW RESONANCE IN E+ E- ANNIHILATION
    By J.E. Augustin, A. Boyarski, Martin Breidenbach, F. Bulos, J.T. Dakin, G.J. Feldman, G.E. Fischer, D. Fryberger, G. Hanson, B. Jean-Marie, Rudolf R. Larsen, V. Luth, H.L. Lynch, D. Lyon, Charles C. Morehouse, J.M. Paterson, Martin L. Perl, Burton Richter, Petros A. Rapidis, R. Schwitters, W.M. Tanenbaum, F. Vannucci (SLAC), G.S. Abrams, D. Briggs, William Chinowsky, C.E. Friedberg, G. Goldhaber, R.J. Hollebeek, J.A. Kadyk, B. Lulu, F. Pierre, G. Trilling, J.S. Whitaker, J. Wiss, J.E. Zipse (LBL, Berkeley & UC, Berkeley).
    Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.33:1406-1408,1974
    1103 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  60. CONFORMAL INVARIANCE, SUPERSYMMETRY AND STRING THEORY
    By Daniel Friedan, Emil Martinec, Stephen Shenker (Chicago U., EFI & Chicago U. & Princeton U.).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B271:93,1986
    1083 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  61. WEAK DECAYS OF HEAVY MESONS IN THE STATIC QUARK APPROXIMATION
    By Nathan Isgur (Toronto U.), Mark B. Wise (Cal Tech).
    Published in Phys.Lett.B232:113,1989
    1081 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  62. SUPERGAUGE TRANSFORMATIONS IN FOUR-DIMENSIONS
    By J. Wess (Karlsruhe U.), B. Zumino (CERN).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B70:39-50,1974
    1081 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  63. MASSES AND OTHER PARAMETERS OF THE LIGHT HADRONS
    By T. DeGrand, R.L. Jaffe, K. Johnson, J. Kiskis (MIT, LNS).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D12:2060,1975
    1065 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  64. QUANTUM FIELD THEORY AND THE JONES POLYNOMIAL
    By Edward Witten (Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study).
    Published in Commun.Math.Phys.121:351,1989
    1056 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  65. TOPOLOGICALLY MASSIVE GAUGE THEORIES
    By S. Deser (Brandeis U.), R. Jackiw, S. Templeton (MIT, LNS).
    Published in Annals Phys.140:372-411,1982 (Erratum-ibid 185:406,1988)
    1055 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  66. THE LUND MONTE CARLO FOR JET FRAGMENTATION AND E+ E- PHYSICS: JETSET VERSION 6.2
    By Torbjorn Sjostrand (Lund U.).
    Published in Comput.Phys.Commun.39:347-407,1986
    1049 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  67. UNITARY SYMMETRY AND LEPTONIC DECAYS
    By N. Cabibbo (CERN).
    Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.10:531-532,1963
    1037 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  68. Q**2 DEPENDENT PARAMETRIZATIONS OF PARTON DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
    By D.W. Duke, J.F. Owens (Florida State U.).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D30:49-54,1984
    1021 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  69. NONLAGRANGIAN MODELS OF CURRENT ALGEBRA
    By Kenneth G. Wilson (Cornell U., LNS).
    Published in Phys.Rev.179:1499-1512,1969
    1020 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  70. DYNAMICS OF SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING IN THE WEINBERG-SALAM THEORY
    By Leonard Susskind (SLAC).
    Published in Phys.Rev.D20:2619-2625,1979
    1016 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  71. STRINGS IN BACKGROUND FIELDS
    By C.G. Callan, E.J. Martinec, M.J. Perry (Princeton U.), D. Friedan (Chicago U., EFI & Chicago U.).
    Published in Nucl.Phys.B262:593,1985
    1010 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  72. PARTICLE SPECTRUM IN THE QUANTUM FIELD THEORY
    By A.M. Polyakov (Landau Inst.).
    Published in JETP Lett.20:194-195,1974 (Pisma Zh.Eksp.Teor.Fiz.20:430-433,1974)
    1009 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

  73. WEAK TRANSITION FORM-FACTORS BETWEEN HEAVY MESONS
    By Nathan Isgur (Toronto U.), Mark B. Wise (Cal Tech).
    Published in Phys.Lett.B237:527,1990
    1009 citations on 31 Dec 1999.
    (Number of citations today)

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Top Cited HEP Articles, 1999 edition by Heath O'Connell, SLAC. Reviewer is Michael Peskin, SLAC. Original edition by H. Galic. Work performed at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC)

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