We present preliminary results of a search for charmless two-body B decays to charged pions and kaons using data collected by the BaBar detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center's PEP-II Storage ring. In a sample of 8.8 million produced B anti-B pairs we measure the branching fractions beta(B0 --> pi+pi-) = (9.3+2.6+1.2-2.3-1.4)x 10-6 and beta(B0 --> K+pi-) = (12.5+3.0+1.3-2.6-1.7) x 10-6, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. For the decay B0 --> K+K- we find no significant signal and set an upper limit of beta(B0 --> K+K-) < 6.6 x 10-6 at the 90% confidence level.