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SLACspeak

Glossary of SLAC-related abbreviations, acronyms, initialisms, terms and lingo

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0-9

1/ab
Inverse attobarns. An inverse attobarn corresponds to one billion pairs of particles (ex. one billion pairs of B and anti-B particles produced at SLAC by the PEP-II accelerator).
29 CFR
The title within the Code of Federal Regulations which contains requirements pertaining to worker health and safety as promulgated by OSHA.
2DEG
2-Dimensional Electron Gas.
2DFGRS
Two Degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey.
2HDM
two Higgs-Doublet Model
2HSM
Two-Higgs Standard Model
2PACL
2-Phase Accumulator Controlled Loop.
4f-HRM
4f-High Resolution Monochromator (LCLS-II-HE)
40 CFR
The title within the Code of Federal Regulations which contains regulations pursuant to many environmental laws, most notably RCRA.
49 CFR
The title within the Code of Federal Regulations which contains regulations pertaining to the transport of hazardous materials as promulgated by DOT.

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A

A
Angstrom.
A
DC steering magnet.
A&E
Administration and Engineering. (Building 042)
A/D
Analog to Digital.
A/E
Acquisition Executive.
AAA
Advanced Accelerator Association for promoting science and technology.
AAA
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
AAAS
American Association for the Advancement of Science
AAM
Annual Actual Maintenance
AANM
Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium. (2001)
AAP
Accelerator Advisory Panel. (ILC)
AARD
Advanced Accelerator Research and Development
AARP
Advanced Accelerator and Radiation Physics.
AAS
American Astronomical Society.
AAS
Advanced Accelerator Studies.
AB
Assembly Bill.
ABA
Aetron-Blume-Atkinson (Aetron Division of Aerojet-General Corporation; John A. Blume and Associates, Engineers; and the Guy F. Atkinson Construction Company), joint venture involved with the construction of SLAC
ABAG
Association of Bay Area Governments.
ABC
Abashian-Booth-Crowe
ABEL
EPA's computer model for analyzing a violator's ability to pay a civil penalty.
ABF
Andrews-Baxter-Forrester
ABJ
Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly.
ABL
Aharonov-Bergmann-Lebowitz
Absolute zero
Zero on the Kelvin and Rankine scales.
See WORD-OF-THE-WEEK at http://today.slac.stanford.edu/a/2008/04-11.htm http://today.slac.stanford.edu/a/2008/04-11.htm.
AC
Air Conditioning or Air Conditioning unit.
ACC
ACCounting Office.
Accelerator
Device used to produce high-energy beams of charged particles such as electrons, protons, or heavy ions for research in high -energy and nuclear physics, synchrotron radiation research, medical therapies, and some industrial applications.
Accelerator
A particle accelerator uses electric fields to propel subatomic particles to speeds rivaling that of light.
Accelerator Status
See ACCS.
acceptance
A measurement of the size of the beampipe aperture as applied to generalized parameters such as energy, angle, and transverse positions. The units of acceptance are the units of the particular parameter whose acceptance is being measured or defined. Geometric acceptance is the emittance at which 90% or some arbitrary fraction of the beam is transmitted through the available aperture. Energy acceptance is the energy range at which 90% or some arbitrary fraction of the beam energy is transmitted through the pipe. See also Emittance.
Accident Site
The location of an unexpected occurrence, failure or loss, either at a plant or along a transportation route, resulting in a release of hazardous materials.
ACCMM
Altarelli-Cabibbo-Corbo-Maiani-Martinelli
ACCMOR
Amsterdam-CERN-Cracow-Munich-OxfoRd
ACD
Advanced Conceptual Design.
ACD
Analytic Continuation by Duality
ACD
Anti-Coincidence Detector (GLAST).
ACDS
Administrative Controlled Document System. (SLAC)
ACE
Astrophysical Composition Explorer.
ACE3P
Advanced Computational Electromagnetics 3-D Parallel. A software suite used to run accelerators.
ACFA
Asian Committee for Future Accelerators.
ACGIH
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. This group is best known for developing TLVs for occupational chemical exposures.
ACH
Air Changes per Hour. The movement of a volume of air in a given period of time. If a house has one air change per hour, it means that all of the air in the house will be replaced in a one-hour period.
acid
A large class of substances having a pH less than 7. An acid waste is considered hazardous when its pH is 2.0 or less.
ACKS
Astro/CSSA/KIPAC/SLAC (Seminar series).
ACL
Alternate Concentration Limit or Administrative Control Level.
AC-LEEM
Aberration-Corrected Low-Energy Electron Microscope.
ACM
Asbestos Containing Materials
ACP
SSRL Accelerator Systems Department, Accelerator Development and Controls Group.
ACR
Accelerator Control Room. (Building 052)
ACS
Access Control System.
ACS
Advanced Computing Services
ACSR
Advanced Science Computing Research. (DOE)
ACT
Agreement for Commercializing Technology. DOE
Activated Carbon
A highly adsorbent form of carbon used to remove odors and toxic substances from liquid or gaseous emissions. In waste treatment it is used to remove dissolved organic matter from wastewater. It is also used in motor vehicle evaporative control systems.
Activated Sludge
Sludge that results when primary effluent is mixed with bacteria-laden sludge and then agitated and aerated to promote biological treatment. This speeds breakdown of organic matter in raw sewage undergoing secondary waste treatment.
Activated Sludge Treatment
Exposing waters to microorganisms and air. A portion of the organic matter is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water and the other portion is synthesized into new microbial cells.
ActiveX
A loosely defined set of technologies developed by Microsoft. ActiveX is an outgrowth of two other Microsoft technologies, called OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) and COM (ComponentObject Model).
ACTS
see DOE ACTS
Acute Effects
Toxic effects which occur over a relatively short period of time (minutes, hours). See also Chronic Effects.
Acute Toxicity
A quantitative measure of the effects of a toxic agent administered once or only a few times over a short period of time, e.g., 24 hours. See also Chronic Toxicity.
ACWP
Actual Cost of Work Performed.
AD
Associate Director.
AD
Active Directory.
AD
Accelerator Directorate
ADA
Americans with Disabilities Act.
ADC
Analog-to-Digital Converter.
ADC
Tolerance See ATOL.
ADD
Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali (1998)
Address Resolution
Conversion of an Internet address to the corresponding physical address.
Address Resolution Protocol
See ARP.
ADE
ADE refers to the A_n, D_n and exceptional E_n Lie Groups. These are the Lie groups with only single lines in their Dynkin diagrams.
ADEPT
Advanced Dark Energy Physics Telescope.
ADHM
Atiyah-Drinfeld-Hitchin-Manin.
ADHMN
Atiyah-Drinfeld-Hitchin-Manin-Nahm.
ADI
Angular Differential Imaging.
ADM
Arnowitt-Deser-Misner
Administrative Order On Consent
A legal agreement signed by EPA and an individual, business, or other entity through which the violator agrees to pay for correction of violations, take the required corrective or cleanup actions, or refrain from an activity. It describes the actions to be taken, may be subject to a comment period, applies to civil actions, and can be enforced in court.
ADMO
Accelerator Division Maintenance Office.
ADs
Associate Directors.
ADS
Activity Data Sheet.
ADS
Astrophysics Data System. (SAO/NASA)
ADS
Accelerator-Driven machine concept. (Europe)
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A technology that allows more data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines. ADSL supports data rates from 1.5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data (downstream rate) and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data (upstream rate).
ADSO
Accelerator Directorate Safety Office.
Adsorption
Gathering a gas, liquid, or dissolved substance on a surface (e.g., charcoal adsorbs gases.) Can be used to remove low concentrations of organic materials from gaseous and watery waste streams.
ADST
Asymptotic Disappearance of Space-Time.
ADTT
Accelerator-Driven Transmutation Technology
Advanced Projects Research Agency
See ARPA.
Advanced TCA
Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture.
Advanced Wastewater Treatment
Any treatment of sewage that goes beyond the secondary or biological water treatment stage and includes the removal of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen and a high percentage of suspended solids. See Primary Waste Treatment and Secondary Treatment.
AdvLIGO
Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory.
AED
Automated External Defibrillator.
AED or AE
Accelerator Engineering Division.(SLAC)
AEESP
Association of Environmental Engineering and Science Professors.(Canada)
AEG
Alignment Engineering Group
AEL
Accessible Emission Limit.
Aerobic
Occurring in the presence of free oxygen.
aerogel
extremely light, diaphanous substance
AES
Auger Electron Spectroscopy.
AFB
Air Force Base
AFF
Above Finished Floor.
AFFF
Aqueous Film-Forming Foam. Contains fluorocarbon surfactants to change the surface tension of water such that it will float on hydrocarbon compounds in which it would normally sink, thereby enhancing firefighting.
AFM
Atomic Force Microscopy.
AFP
Approved Funding Plan.
AFS
A widely used Unix network file facility allowing file sharing among machines many thousands of miles apart. AFS is descended from a distributed file system developed at CarnegieMellon University and was originally called the Andrew File System in honor of Andrew Carnegie.
AG
Alternating Gradient.
AGASA
Akeno Giant Air Shower Array.
AGC
Automatic Gain Control.
AGK
Abramovskii-Gribov-Kancheli
AGUT
Anti-Grand Unification Theory.
AH
Air Handler.
AHA
Area Hazard Analysis.
AHERA
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act of 1986. (Federal)
AHRO
Archives, History and Records Office (SLAC)
AHJ
Authority Having Jurisdiction.
AHM
Acutely Hazardous Material. (CH&SC Sec. 25532 et seq)
AHU
Air Handler Unit.
AI
Artificial Intelligence. The branch of computer science that studies how smart a machine can be, which involves the capability of a device to perform functions normally associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and self-improvement.
AI
Accelerator Improvements. A class of DOE funding.
AIB
Accident Investigation Board
AICHE
American Institute of CHemical Engineers.
AIDA
Accelerator Integrated Data Access. A software service in the accelerator complex, which allows scientific software applications to access the various kinds of data necessary for control and optimization of the beam. For instance, control data, mathematical models , archived data, static data in Oracle, etc. See http://www.slac.stanford.edu/grp/cd/soft/aida/.
AIDA
Advanced european Infrastructures for Detectors and Accelerators.
AIHA
American Industrial Hygiene Association.
AIL
Agreement of Associated International Laboratory (France and Japan ).
AIP
American Institute of Physics.
AIR
Advanced Instrumentation for Research division. (SLAC)
Air Changes per Hour
See ACH.
Air Pollutant
Any substance in air which could, if in high enough concentration, harm humans, other animals, vegetation, or material. Pollutants may include almost any natural or artificial composition of matter capable of being airborne. They may be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, gases, or in combinations of these forms. Generally, they fall into two main groups: 1) those emitted directly from identifiable sources and 2) those produced in the air by interaction between two or more primary pollutants, or by reaction with normal atmospheric constituents, with or without photoactivation. Exclusive of pollen, fog, and dust, which are of natural origin, about 100 contaminants have been identified and fall into the following categories: solids, sulfur compounds, volatile organic chemicals, nitrogen compounds, oxygen compounds, halogen compounds, radioactive compounds, and odors.
Air Quality Control Region
An area--designated by the federal government--in which communities share a common air pollution problem. Sometimes several states are involved.
AIS
Advanced Instrumentation Seminars.
AJAX
Asynchronous Javascript and XML.
AKHEP
Association of Korean High Energy Physicists.
AKNS
Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur
AL
Ablowitz-Ladik
ALARA
As Low As Reasonably Achievable.
ALBA
New third-generation synchrotron light source located near Barcelona, Spain.
Alcove
A room located in each klystron gallery sector housing a micro and other controls and hardware for a LINAC sector. The areas housing electronics in the arcs are also called `alcoves.'
ALCPG
American Linear Collider Physics Group.
ALCSC
Asian Linear Collider Steering Committee.
ALCTS
Association for Library Collections and Technical Services.
ALD
Associate Laboratory Director (SLAC)
ALD
Atomic Layer Deposition.
Alderson phantom
A human skeleton enclosed in plastic tanks filled with tissue-equivalent liquids containing the 0 same trace elements as are found in human bodies. Used under controlled conditions to safely determine radiation exposure.
ALF
Left-Right Asymmetry (measurement in Z interactions)
A-Line
The transport line from the beam switchyard (BSY) to End Station A (ESA).
ALLM
Abramowicz-Levin-Levy-Maor
ALMA
Atacama Large Millimeter Array telescope. (Chile)
ALP
Annual Laboratory Plan.
ALP
Axion-Like Particle
Alpha
Generally refers to a Twiss parameter measuring the rate of change of Beta, used in studies of accelerator optics.
ALPHA
Antihydrogen Laser PHysics Apparatus.
Alpha Magnet
A dipole magnet designed to bend the beam through a sharp angle (in the shape of the Greek letter Alpha). For example, an alpha magnet is used to bend the beam out of the NPI injector back into the linac
ALPS
Any Light Particle Search. (DESY)
ALS
Advanced Light Source.
ALS
Advanced Life Support.
ALTA
Alberta Large-scale Time-coincidence Array.
Alternating Gradient Focusing Magnet
See AGF.
AMANDA
Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array
AMBER
Advanced Materials Beamline for Energy Research (LBNL)
AMD
Antisymmetrized Molecular Dynamics.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
See ACGIH.
American National Standards Institute
See ANSI.
AMO
Atomic, Molecular, and Optical physics.
AMOS
Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Science
AMS
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (PSI). An experiment to detect antimatter and dark matter in space.
AMS
Acquisitions Management System. (Purchasing)
AMSB
Anomaly Mediated Symmetry Breaking.
Angstrom
An angstrom is a very tiny unit of measure equivalent to 10-10 meters, or about the average distance between individual atoms. It's commonly used to describe the lengths of chemical bonds and wavelengths of light, such as X-rays. The Linac Coherent Light Source produceS "hard" X-rays with a wavelength of 1.5 angstroms, giving it the power to make images of objects on the atomic scale.
ANITA
ANtarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna.
ANL
Argonne National Laboratory.
Annihilation
See WORD-OF-THE-WEEK http://today.slac.stanford.edu/a/2008/10-31.htm
Anonymous FTP
A method for downloading public files using the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Anonymous FTP is called anonymous because you don't need to identify yourself before accessing files.
ANP
Adler-Nussinov-Paschos.
ANS
American Nuclear Society.
ANSI
American National Standards Institute. The Institute disseminates basic standards like ASCII, and acts as the United States' delegate to the ISO. Standards can be ordered by writing to the ANSI Sales Department, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036, or by telephoning 212.642.4900
Antagonism
The interaction of two chemicals having an opposing, or neutralizing effect on each other, or--given some specific biological effect--a chemical interaction that appears to have an opposing or neutralizing effect over what might otherwise be expected.
Antibodies
Proteins produced in the body by immune system cells in response to antigens, and capable of combining with antigens.
Anti-Degradation Clause
Part of federal air quality and water quality requirements prohibiting deterioration where pollution levels are above the legal limit.
AO
Adaptive Optics.
AOD
Analysis Object Data.
AOFSRR
Asia Oceania Forum for Synchrotron Radiation Research.
AOPDF
Acousto-Optic Programmable Dispersive Filter (the Dazzler).
AOS
Array Operations Site. (ALMA telescope - Chile).
AOS
Accelerator Operations and Safety. (SLAC) See Also AOSD.
AOSD
Accelerator Operations and Safety Division. (SLAC Accelerator Directorate)
AP
pulse steering magnet.
AP
Accounts Payable
APAC
Asian Particle Accelerator Conference.
Apache Web Server
A public-domain Web server developed by a loosely knit group of programmers. The first version of Apache, based on the NCSA http daemon Web server, was developed in 1995. Because it was developed from existing NSCA code and various patches, it was called a patchy web server. Sophisticated features, excellent performance, and low price (it's free), have made Apache the world's most popular Web server. By some estimates, in 1999 it hosted more than 50% of all Web sites in the world.
APAF
Advanced Plasma Acceleration Facility. (proposed)
APB
Administrative Panel on Biosafety. (Stanford University)
APCA
Air Pollution Control Association.
APCD
Air Pollution Control District. (CH&SC Sec. 40000 et seq)
APE
Array Processor Elements, a European project involving INFN, DESY, and the University of Paris-Sud.
APEL
Accounting Processor for Event Logs.
APENext
Array Processor Experiment/Next. (Supercomputer)
Aperture
In optics, the effective diameter of a lens or mirror. In accelerator terminology, a measure of the transport line's effective opening.
API
American Petroleum Institute.
API
Application Program Interface. A set of calling conventions defining how a service is invoked through a software package.
APM
Assurance Program Manager.
APPEC
AstroParticle Physics European Coordination.
Applet
A dynamic and interactive program written in the Java language, which can run inside a Web page displayed by a Java-capable browser.
Application Layer
The top-most layer in the OSI Reference Model providing such communication services as electronic mail and file transfer.
Application Server
A server dedicated to running specific applications (for example, a communications server).
APS
Advanced Photon Source (x-ray facility) at the Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago, Illinois.
APS
American Physical Society
APT
Accelerator Production of Tritium
APT
Advanced Persistent Threat. (Computing)
APU
Atomic Parity Violating
AQMD
Air Quality Management District.
AQS
Air Quality Standards.
Aqueous Film-Forming Foam
See AFFF.
Aquifer
A geologic formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable material to yield significant quantities of water to wells and springs.
AR
Assisted Reality.
AR
Augmented Reality.
ARA
Accelerator Research Department - A
ARAA
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics.
ARAC
Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability.
ARB
Air Resources Board. (CH&SC Sec. 39500 et seq)
ARB
Accelerator Research Department - B
ARCADE
Absolute Radiometer for Cosmic And Diffuse Emission.
ARCAS
Arillaga Recreation Center At SLAC.
ARD
Accelerator Research Division (SLAC).
ARDA
Accelerator Research Department A (SLAC)
ARDB
Accelerator Research Department B (SLAC)
Area of Review
In the UIC program, the area surrounding an injection well that is reviewed during the permitting process to determine whether the injection operation will induce flow between aquifers.
Area Source
Any small source of non-natural air pollution that is released over a relatively small area but which cannot be classified as a point source. Such sources may include vehicles and other small fuel combustion engines.
ARF
Ancillary Response Files.
ARG
Accident Response Group.
ARGO
Astrophysical Radiation with Ground-based Observatory. (Tibet)
ARGOS
Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite. A US Air Force low earth orbit satellite launched in 1999 carrying the USA experiment (among others).
ARL
Archives and Research Library.
ARM
SSRL Accelerator Systems Department, Accelerator and FEL Physics Group.
ARO
After Receipt of Order
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol. The Internet protocol used to dynamically map Internet addresses to physical (hardware) addresses on local area networks. Limited to networks that support hardware broadcast.
ARPA
Advanced Research Projects Agency. Former name of DARPA, the government agency that funded ARPANET and later the DARPA Internet.
ARPANET
A pioneering long haul network funded by ARPA. It served as the basis for early networking research as well as a central backbone during the development of the Internet. The ARPANET consists of individual packet switching computers interconnected by leased lines.
ARPES
Angle-Resolved PhotoEmission Spectroscopy. Technique pioneered at Stanford and at SLAC to study the behavior of complex materials. Uses a high-resolution spectrometer to detect electrons emitted from the surfaces of materials subjected to intense X-ray beams.
ARR
Accelerator Readiness Review.
ART
Algebraic Reconstruction Technique
ARTEMIS
Accelerator Remedy Trouble Entry and Maintenance Information System.
Artesian Aquifer
An aquifer in which ground water is confined under pressure significantly greater than atmospheric pressure. Also known as a Confined Aquifer.
Artificial Intelligence
See AI.
AS
Australian Synchrotron. GOV
ASACUSA
Atomic Spectroscopy And Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons. A Japanese-European collaboration at CERN. (Also the name of a famous temple district in Tokyo.)
ASC
Arillaga Science Center, Building 057 (Formerly Photon Science Lab Building -- PSLB)
A-Scale Sound Level
A measurement of sound approximating the sensitivity of the human ear, used to note the intensity or annoyance of sounds.
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Defines a 7-bit internal computer code for storing 128 letters, numbers, punctuation, and control codes. ASCII is used on almost all computers except some IBM mainframes (see EBCDIC). There is also an 'extended ASCII' which provides for 256 characters.
ASCR
Advanced Scientific Computing Research (DOE).
ASD
Accelerator Systems Development / Department. (SSRL)
ASD
Accelerator Systems Division.
ASE
Accelerator Safety Envelope.
ASEB
Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board.
ASER
Annual Site Environmental Reports.
ASG
Advanced Study Group (of the Max Planck Society).
ASGC
Academia Sinica Grid Center.
ASHER
Active Shooter/Hostile Event Response (NFPA Standard)
ASHRAE
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers.
ASIC
Application Specific Integrated Circuits.
ASLS
Advanced Synchrotron Light Source.
ASME
American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
ASO
Accelerator Systems Operator.
ASOD
Accelerator Safety and Operations division, Accelerator Directorate.
ASOS
Absolute value Solid-On-Solid
ASP
Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
ASPENS
Astrometric Search for Planets Encircling Nearby Stars.
ASPERA
AStroParticle European Research Area.
ASRF
Accelerator Systems and Research Facilities. (SLAC)
ASRP
Australian Synchrotron Research Program.
Assimilation
The ability of a body of water to purify itself of pollutants.
ASST
Accelerator Systems String Test
AST
Above ground Storage Tank (ESH)
ASTA
Accelerator Structure Test Area.
ASTB
As Sent To Bidder.
ASTeC
Accelerator Science and Technology Centre. (UK)
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials.
ASTR
Astronomy.
ASTRO-H
The 6th Japanese-led international X-ray observatory, and the successor to the Suzaku satellite (ASTRO-E2)
Astronym
ASTROnomical acroNYM
ASW
Accelerator Safety Workshop.
Asymptotic freedom
The decrease, at high energy, of the strong force between quarks.
Asynchronous
Transmission by individual bytes, not related to specific timing on the transmitting end.
AT
Ampere Trip.
ATA
Allen Telescope Array.
ATA
Activity Training and Authorization. When signed by the worker and their supervisor, this document authorizes and releases a worker to perform activities in their resident area. It is valid for one year.
ATCA
Australia Telescope Compact Array
ATCA
Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture.
ATF
Accelerator Test Facility / Advanced Test Facility.
ATF2
Accelerator Test Facility 2 (KEK).
ATHENA
AnTiHydrogEN Apparatus (CERN).
ATLAS
A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS. (A general purpose detector at the LHC at CERN).
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATO
Authority To Operate. (DOE)
ATOM
Area Telecommunications Office Motivator
ATR
Advanced microwave Technology Research department. (SLAC)
ATRAP
Antihydrogen TRAP.
ATS
Action Tracking System. (Replaced CATS)
ATSDR
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (Federal)
ATST
Advanced Technology Solar Telescope.
Attached Resource Computer Network
See Arcane.
Attenuation
The process by which a compound is reduced in concentration over time, through adsorption, degradation, dilution, and/or transformation.
Attosecond
One billionth of one billionth of a second.
AU
Astronomical Units
AUI
Associated Universities Incorporated
AURA
Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy. It is an organization of various universities and other nonprofit and educational institutions.
Auston switch
Switch made of semiconductor material and triggered by an ultrafast optical laser. Passes an extremely short-lived current when hit by a photon.
Authentication
The process of identifying an individual, usually based on a username and password. In security systems, authentication is distinct from authorization, which is the process of giving individuals access to system objects based on their identity. Authentication merely ensures that the individual is who he or she claims to be, but says nothing about the access rights of the individual.
Autoignition Temperature
The temperature at which a material (solid, liquid, or gas) will self-ignite and sustain combustion in the absence of a spark or flame.
Auxiliary Door
Any door between two PPS areas. An internal door in a PPS controlled zone.
AV
Anti-Virus (Computing)
AVLIS
Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation
AWK
Aho, Weinberger, and Kernighan. A Unix programming language for analyzing and manipulating text files.
AWLC
Americas Workshop Linear Colliders
AXESS
Stanford University employee benefits web portal.

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B

B
The magnetic field of a Magnet. The physical symbol for magnetic field. The field in a magnet is sometimes referred to as the `B-Field.'
B
Bend magnet.
B Configuration
See BCON.
B Requested
See BREQ.
B&R
Budget and Reporting. (sometimes listed as BNR)
B3
A bend magnet.
BA
Breathing Apparatus.
BA
Budget Authority.
BAAQMD
Bay Area Air Quality Management District.
BAC
Budget At Completion.
Back Phasing
To change the position of a bunch with respect to the RF. This fixes wakefield effects where the energy of the leading edge of the bunch is greater than that of the trailing edge.
Backbone
The primary connectivity mechanism of a hierarchical distributed system. All systems which have connectivity to an intermediate system on the backbone are assured of connectivity teach other. This does not prevent systems from setting up private arrangements with each other to bypass the backbone for reasons of cost, performance, or security.
Background
Refers to background noise, or to the spurious radiation in a detector that tends to obscure the data.
Backleg
An extra winding on a magnet to add to, subtract from, or cancel a magnetic field. Sometimes called trim windings, backleg windings `fine tune' adjustments to the field.
BACT
Best Available Control Technology. (from CAA)
BACT
The actual field of a magnet at the last computer check in kilogauss/meter for a quadrupole, in kilogauss for a bend.
BADC
Brilliant ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter)
Baikal
an experiment in neutrino astronomy.
Bakeout
The process of heating a vacuum pipe or chamber in order to drive out residual gas molecules which may have been trapped in or on the cavity walls.
Bandwidth
The capacity of the transmission medium stated in bits per second or as a frequency. The bandwidth of the optical fiber is in the gigabit or billion bits per second range. Ethernet coaxial cable is in the megabit or million bits per second range.
Banking
A system for recording qualified air emission reductions for later use in bubble, offset, or netting transactions. See also Emissions Trading.
BAO
Baryon Acoustic Oscillations.
BAPVC
Bay Area PhotoVoltaics Consortium.
Bar Screen
In wastewater treatment, a device used to remove large solids.
Barn
A unit of area equal to 10 to the minus 24 square centimeters, used to measure cross-sections in nuclear and particle physics. The cross-section of a uranium nucleus is approximately one barn.
BARRnet
Bay Area Regional Research Network. BARRnet was established in mid-1986 to serve the regional needs of Northern California and surroundings as a mid-level component of the NSFnet and has been operational since May 1987. The upper layer protocols in use are based on TCP/IP. SLAC connected to BARRnet through SUnet in the spring of 1988. See also NSFnet and SUnet.
BART
Best Available Retrofit Technology. (from CAA)
BAS
Beam Analyzing Station. BAS-1 AND BAS-10 are magnetic spectrometers used to check beam energy and spectrum (note that BAS-2 is no longer a spectrometer).
BAS
Beam Authorization Sheet. An official document kept in the control room which lists all of the radiation protection devices that must be locked in place to safely operate each beamline. Any changes to the BAS must be noted and signed for by the Operator in charge. Signing the BAS document certifies that the EOIC has read and understood all changes made to the current running conditions. Beams for each individual experiment are certified by radiation physics and ADSO, and for each beam the BAS lists those devices of the BCS that must be checked by the operator in charge before running that beam.
BAS
Business Application Services. (SLAC)
BAS-1
Beam Analyzing Station-1. Located immediately following the chicane in sector 1.
BAS-10
Beam Analyzing Station-10. BAS-10 is located at the beginning of sector 10 in the LINAC. BAS-10 is used for bunch length measurements: A dipole bends the beam to a screen and introduces dispersion. Bunch length is transformed to an energy spread, which can then be measured accurately.
BAS-2
Beam Analyzing Station-2. The sector 20 dump is used to run the beam in a `LINAC only mode,' also called BAS-2 MODE. Note that BAS-2 is no longer a Beam Analyzing Station. It is now a mode of operation that allows BSY entry while the front two-thirds of the LINAC is on.
BAS-2 Mode
BAS-2 was a beam analyzing station in sector 20 of the LINAC. BAS-2 mode is a LINAC mode of operation, in which the beam is dumped in sector 20 dump. Because BAS-2 mode is not interlocked with the FF or the arc MPS, operation may continue in BAS-2 mode whenever problems occur downstream of the BSY. The last two klystron sectors of the LINAC, sector 29 and sector 30, are then routinely shut down as a PPS protection for entry into the BSY if necessary.
base
A substance which forms a salt when reacted with an acid. Bases have a pH greater than 7.
Baseband
Characteristic of any network technology that uses a single carrier frequency and requires all stations attached to the network to participate in every transmission.
Basic User's Guide
See BUG.
BASO
Bay Area Site Office (DOE)
BASS
Broadband Array Spectrograph System.
BAT
Best Available Technology. (from CWA)
Batch Job
A type of computer processing in which a batch of requests is stored and then executed all at one time. Batch job processing can take place without the user being present or online.
Batch Queue
A sequence of stored batch job requests that are awaiting execution.
Baud (rate)
A unit of computer data transmission speed named after Emile Jean Baudot who developed a transmission system in 1874. One Baud is equivalent to one BTS (BiT per Second).
Bay Area Regional Research Network
See BARRnet.
BBA
Beam-Based Alignment
BBN
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
BBR
Black Body Radiation
BBS
Behavior Based Safety.
BBU
Beam BreakUp.
BC
Bunch Compressor. (LCLS)
BC
Bare Copper.
BCCB
Baseline Change Control Board.
BCCP
Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics.
BCDR
Business Continuity Disaster Recovery
BCIM
Beam Current Intensity Monitor.
BCM
Beam Containment Module.
BCON
B CONfiguration. The B Field of a magnet as specified in a saved configuration. BCON can only be changed by loading another configuration. Note that BDES changes to match BCON when a loaded configuration is activated.
BCP
Business Continuity Plan.
BCP
B physics and CP.
BCP
Building Contact Person.
BCR
Baseline Change Request.
BCS
Beam Containment System. The beam containment system incorporates a variety of devices designed to prevent the beam from damaging the machine or escaping into areas where it would represent a hazard to machinery and/or personnel. The system uses comparators, average current monitors, SEM integrators, micro switches, flow switches, burn through monitors and ionization chambers to detect excessive power being applied to the various machine parts that are in need of protection, and to suppress the beam at its source (the injector) should this be necessary. Redundancy is liberally incorporated into the beam containment system.
BCSOS
Body Centered Solid-On-Solid
BCT
Best Control Technology for conventional pollutants. (from CWA)
BCT
Brady-Cerighton-Thorne
BCW
Bare Copper Wire.
BCWP
Budgeted Cost for Work Performed.
BCWS
Budgeted Cost for Work Scheduled.
BD
Beam Driven.
BDAT
Best Demonstrated Available Technology. (from RCRA)
BDE
Beam Dump East. The dump or area at the end of the A Line.
BDES
B-DESired. The B field value of a magnet calculated from the model by the computer and saved into a configuration by the operator. It is retrieved whenever the saved configuration is recalled. A magnet will be set to BDES value only after the operator requests a trim action from the control system. BDES is usually calculated from the MODEL. BDES = Rigidity factor X KMOD.
B-Desired
See BDES.
BDL
Beam Design Language. A stand-alone (non-SCP) program for setting TNOM for a given beam code.
BDMP
Beam dump.
BDMPSZ
Baier-Dokshitzer-Mueller-Peigne-Schiff-Zakharov
BDO
Beamline Duty Operator for SSRL.
B-DOT
The rate of change of a B field over time ( dB / dt ).
BDS
Beam Delivery System.
BE
Bose-Einstein
Beam Analyzing Station
See BAS.
Beam Analyzing Station-1
See BAS-1.
Beam Analyzing Station-10
See BAS-10.
Beam Analyzing Station-2
See BAS-2.
Beam Authorization Sheet
See BAS.
Beam Containment System
see BCS.
Beam Design Language
See BDL.
Beam Intensity Display
See BIDB.
Beam Intensity Display Unit
See BIDU.
Beam Position Monitor
see BPM.
Beam Position Monitor Processor
See BPMP.
Beam Position Monitor Stripline
See BPMS.
Beam Shut Off Ion Chamber
See BSOIC.
Beam Stay Clear
See BSC.
Beam Switchyard
See BSY.
Beam Tree
Also sometimes called "current tree." A block of acrylic in which a defocussed low-energy beam has been stopped. The block is then struck with a sharp metal object, and the layer of additional charges is released as a cascade of current towards the point of impact. Permanent damage to the acrylic caused by the current flow appears as a tree-like structure. Also called a Lichtenberg tree. (For further information, see https://www.slac.stanford.edu/history/beamtree.shtml.)
Beamstrahlung
The synchrotron radiation emitted by each bunch of particles as it passes through the electromagnetic field of the opposing, or colliding bunch. Beamstrahlung signal is a function of the luminosity at the interaction point.
Beamstrahlung Monitor
See BSM.
Beamstrahlung Monitor Data
See BSMD.
Beamtree
See Beam Tree.
BEAP
Building Emergency Action Plan.
BEARS
Budget Execution And Reporting System (DOE)
BEAST
Background Emission Anisotropy Scanning Telescope.
BEC
"Bose-Einstein Condensate. A unique state of matter in which gas atoms, cooled to near-absolute-zero temperatures, overlap with each other and collapse into a common quantum state, where they behave essentially as a single "superparticle."
Becquerel
The International System (SI) unit for activity of radioactive material. One becquerel is that quantity of radioactive material in which one atom is transformed per second.
BELLA
Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator center.
Bend
A dipole magnet.
Bend String
Two or more bend magnets connected in series.
Bend Trim
See BTRM.
BENE
Beams for European Neutrino Experiments.
BENKEI
KEK - PS detector
BEPC
Beijing Electron Positron Collider
BEPC-II
Beijing Electron Positron Collider upgrade (2006).
BER
Biological and Environmental Research.
BES
BEijing Spectrometer.
BES
Basic Energy Sciences
BESAC
Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (DOE)
BESI
Beam Energy Spectrum Indicator.
BES-III
BEijing Spectrometer upgrade.
BESM
Beam Energy Spread Monitor
BESS
Breaking Electroweak Symmetry Strongly
BESSY
"Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-gesellschaft für Synchrotron Strahlung."
Beta
See Betatron Oscillation.
Beta Function
See Betatron Oscillation. There is both a horizontal and a vertical beta function.
Beta Star
The value of the beta function at the IP. There is a horizontal and a vertical beta star.
Betatron Oscillation
The wavelength of the transverse oscillation of a beam, measured in meters. The restoring force for the Betatron oscillations is provided by the quadrupole magnets which focus separately, in the vertical and horizontal planes. Therefore, there are both horizontal and vertical betatron oscillations. Beta is a Twiss parameter.
BeV
Billion (Giga) electron Volt. This term was used in early writing about linear accelerators, but GeV is now preferred. (See GeV)
Bezoic
see BSOIC.
BF
Batalin-Fradkin
BFACF
Berg-Foerster-Aragao de Carvalho-Caracciolo-Frohlich
BFEM
Balloon Flight Engineering Model.
BFFT
Batalin-Fradkin-Fradkina-Tyutin
BFKL
Balitskii-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov
BFL
Beryllium Focusing Lens.
BFT
Batalin-Fradkin-Tyutin
BFV
Batalin-Fradkin-Vilkovisky
BFW
Beam Finder Wire.
BFYM
Balatin-Fradkin-Yang-Mills
BH
Beam Hardener.
BH
Black Hole
Bhabha
An elastic electron-positron collision.
BHF
Brueckner-Hartree-Fock
BHFP
Black Hole Finder Probe.
BIA
Business Impact Assessment.
BIC
Bunch Intensity Control.
Bicep, Bicep2
Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarisation.
BICSI
Building Industry Consulting Service International.
Big Science
Science projects which have large budgets, many collaborators, and, more recently, are multinational.
BigBOSS
Big Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey instrument.
Big-endian
A format for storage or transmission of binary data in which the most significant bit or byte comes first. The reverse convention is called little-endian.
Bill Of Lading
A receipt listing goods shipped, issued by a common carrier.
Binder Service
See Broker Service.
Binding
Logically associating a name with a socket. When a handle for an ONC RPC is created, it is bound to a network socket address.
Bino
In models of supersymmetry, the lightest new particle and partner of the photon.
BINP
Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk).
BIO
Building Inspection Office (ES&H).
Bioaccumulation
See Bioconcentration.
Bioconcentration
A biological process whereby chemicals are accumulated in tissues at concentrations above those in the immediate environment. This process is also knows as bioaccumulation.
Biodegradation
The process of breaking down a chemical substance or mixture through biological mechanisms.
Biological Monitoring
Use of biological organisms and their products to monitor toxicity levels.
Biological Treatment
Treatment process utilizing living microorganisms to decompose organic wastes into less complex organic or inorganic substances. Techniques include activated sludge, aerated lagoons, trickling filters, waste stabilization ponds, and anaerobic digestion.
Biosecurity
protocols and procedures to ensure infectious disease research is securely conducted, e.g. pathogen control measures and monitoring to reduce biological risks
BIR
Beam Interrupt Relay.
Bits per Second
See BTS.
Bjorken scaling
A method of predicting the behavior of inelastic electron scattering cross sections developed by James D. Bjorken.
BKT
Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless
BL
Beam Line.
BL LACs
BL LACertaes. A type of active galactic nuclei.
BLA
Beam Line Authorization.
BlackHat
Computer program that automates computation of QCD amplitudes.
BLD
Beam Line Division
BLDG
Building.
BLE
Beam Line Electronics. (SSRL) PHOTON
BLEV
E Boiling-Liquid-Expanding-Vapor Explosion. The possible result of a complex sequence of events involving the impingement of flame on the exterior of a container of liquefied gas.
BLH
Beam Line, Hard. LCLS Hard X-Ray beamline.
BLI
Brightest Light Initiative
BLM
Bureau of Land Management.
BLM
Brodsky-Lepage-MacKenzie
BLR
B-Layer Replacement. (ATLAS)
BLS
Beam Line Systems. (SSRL)
BLT
Batalin-Lavrov-Tyutin
BLT
Back-Lit Thyratron.
Blue Book
The popular name for the `The Stanford Two Mile Accelerator' by Richard B. Neal (N.Y., Benjamin, 1968), SLAC Library call number QCD191.N41. Refers, too, to the 'SLC Design Handbook,' which also has a blue cover. (Note that the paperback edition of 'The Stanford Two Mile Accelerator' is not blue.)
BM
Building Manager. (SLAC)
BMAX
The maximum allowable magnetic strength in kilogauss.
BMBF
"BundesMinisterium für Bildung und Forschung. (The Federal Ministry of Education and Research)"
BMF
Business Managers' Forum.(SLAC)
BMN
Berenstein-Maldacena-Nastase
BMP
Best Management Practices. (from CWA)
BMP
Building Manager Program.
BMPF
Best Management Practice Finding.
BMS
Bondi-Metzner-Sachs.
BMSC
Building Managers Steering Committee.
BMT
Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi
BNCT
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
BNDS
BeND String.
BNL
Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY.
BNS
Damping Balakin, Novakhatsky, and Smirnov are the names of the three Russian physicists who developed the technique called BNS Damping. It is a technique which spreads the oscillation frequencies of the particles in a beam (in order to avoid resonance) by introducing a longitudinal energy spread along the bunch. This is done by backphasing early klystrons (creating an energy spread) and forward phasing later klystrons. Sometimes inaccurately referred to as Landau Damping. See SLAC-PUB-3944.
BOD
Basis of Design
BOC
Business Offices Coordination meeting within the BTS organization for the Business and Finance managers throughout the Lab (SLAC).
BOD
Biochemical Oxygen Demand.
BOD
Beam Overlap Diagnostic. A device used to locate the positions and orientation of the electron and x-ray beams after they exit the magnetic chicane and grating monochromator. A subsystem of the Soft X-ray Self Seeding (SXRSS) project.
BOD
Bottom Of Duct.
Boiling Point
See BP.
Boiling-Liquid-Expanding-Vapor Explosion
See BLEVE.
Bone Yard
A storage area north of Sectors 12 and 13 of the linac, where concrete blocks and metal scrap used in radiation shielding applications are stored.
BOO
Board Of Overseers. (Stanford)
bookmark
(verb) To mark an electronic document or a specific place in an electronic document for later retrieval. (noun) The hard-drive file that contains a URL and the text identifying the URL. Nearly all Web browsers support a bookmarking feature that lets you save the address (URL) of a Web page so that you can easily revisit the page at a later time.
BOOMERanG
Balloon Observations Of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation ANd Geophysics.
Booster to SPEAR
See BTS.
BOOTP
Bootstrap Protocol. An Internet protocol that enables a diskless workstation to discover its own IP address, the IP address of a BOOTP server on the network, and a file to be loaded into memory to boot the machine. This enables the workstation to boot without requiring a hard or floppy disk drive.
BOREXINO
a solar neutrino experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy.
BOSS
Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. (Third Sloan Digital Sky Survey)
Bottomonium
General name for the set of particles that contain both a bottom quark and an anti-bottom quark, but are bound together with different energies.
Bounce
The return of a piece of electronic mail because of an error in its delivery.
BP
Boiling Point. The temperature at which a continuous flow of vapor bubbles occurs in a liquid being heated in an open container.
BP
Beam Physics.
BPE
Borated PolyEster. Common term for specifically formulated polyester material used to shield gamma and fast neutron radiation. Available in sheets, bricks, cylinders, blocks and in certain formulations, pellets.
BPFTW
Braaten-Pisarski-Frenkel-Taylor-Wong
BPHZ
Bogolyubov-Parasiuk-Hepp-Zimmerman
BPM
Beam Position Monitor. A device including four electrodes located inside the beam pipe, and the associated electronics necessary to locate the position of the centroid of the beam. The electrodes are usually located about 90 degrees apart inside the vacuum chamber, far enough away from the beam's path not to interfere with it, but close enough to feel the electric charge of the beam's passing.
BPM
Strip One of four electrodes inserted in the beam line to measure the position of a beam. Also known as a Button.
BPMO
See Beam Position Monitor.
BPMS
Beam Position Monitor Stripline. Also used for BPM reading.
BPP
Bose-Parker-Peleg
BPS
Bits Per Second. The number of bits of data transferred by a terminal, modem, or computer in one second. See also Baud.
BPS
Bogomolny-Prasad-Sommerfield
BPS
Beijing Proton-Synchrotron.
BPT
Best Practicable Technology. (from CWA)
BPWA
Barrelet-zero Partial-Wave Analysis.
BPX
Burning Plasma eXperiment.
BRAHMS
Broad Range Hadron Magnetic Spectrometer, one of RHIC's detectors.
BRC
Below Regulatory Concern.
BRDBD
BReaDBoarD.
Breakthrough Time
See BTT.
BREMSS
BREMSStrahlung. (German: braking radiation)
Bremsstrahlung
(German: braking radiation) The X rays emitted when a charged particle is decelerated by passing through matter.
BREQ
B REQuested. The B field of a magnet asked for by a feedback process. BREQ is a magnet database secondary.
BRIDGE
Bridging Research Interactions through collaborative Development Grants in Energy. (DOE)
BRM
Business Relations Management.
Broadband
"Characteristic of any network that multiplexes multiple, independent network carriers onto a single cable. This is usually done using frequency division multiplexing. Broadband technology allows several networks to coexist on one single cable traffic from one network does not interfere with traffic from another since the "conversations" happen on different frequencies in the ether, rather like the commercial radio system.
Broker Service
Synonymous with a binder service. It maintains binding information for network services.
Brown Out
A reduced main line electric power condition caused by excessive draw on the power grid, usually due to a combination of factors. These factors include irrigation pumps running in the San Joaquin Valley, air conditioners, wind tunnel operation at NASA Ames Research Center, etc. When the brown out is imminent, SLAC usually gets enough notice to shut down its major power-consuming devices to avoid excessively loading down the grid. We frequently get several hours notice before a brown out, and can plan to run some of the lower power experiments on the site, depending on the maximum power we are allowed to consume.
BRS
Becchi-Rouet-Stora
BRST
Becchi-Rouet-Stora Transformation. A quantization method of gauge and string theories.
BRZMNT
BRaZeMeNT.
BS
Bethe-Salpeter
BS
Beam Stopper.
BSA
Beam Synchronous Acquisition
BSC
Beam Stay Clear. The maximum cross section a beam may have before particles get lost in the physical or dynamic aperture, whichever is smaller. HEP
BSC
BioSafety Cabinet (ES&H)
BSD
"Berkeley Software Distribution. Term used when describing different versions of the Berkeley UNIX software, as in ""4.3BSD UNIX.'"
BSE
Bethe-Salpeter equations
BSFT
Boundary String Field Theory.
BSI
Broken Scale Invariant
BSL
BioSafety Level
BSL-1
BioSafety Level 1, a basic level of containment that relies on standard microbiological practices (defined by the CDC).
BSM
Business Service Management maps (ServiceNow).
BSOIC
Beam Shut Off Ion Chamber. One of a number of PPS radiation-monitoring devices situated at strategic points throughout the machine, usually close to, but on the outside of, the beam housing shielding. Ionization of the gas-filled chamber by radiation will cause the BSOIC to trip off the beam if the level of radiation is above the trip point of the chamber. At SLAC the BSOIC trip points are set at 100 mr/hour. The BSOICs are monitored both by MCC and OHP. They are fail-safe devices, and will trip the beam off if unplugged. (Sometimes seen as BeSOIC or Bezoic).
BSRF
Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (China).
BSY
Beam SwitchYard. The end of the LINAC where beams are switched to the SLC arcs, the PEP ring or end station areas.
BTCF
Beijing Tau-Charm Factory (proposed)
BTEM
Beam Test Engineering Model.
BTEM
Beam TEst tracker Module (GLAST).
BTH
Beam Transport Hall. (LCLS)
BTM
Burn-Through Monitor.
BTO
BaTiO3
BTP
Biomedical Technology Program. (NIH)
BTP
Batch Treatment Plant.
BTR
Beam Target Room.
BTRM
Bend TRiM. An extra winding of wire around the iron of a bend magnet designed for lower current, and with its own power supply for independent control, used to fine adjust the field strength of the magnet. See Backleg.
BTS
Booster To SPEAR. The beam transport line between the SSRL booster ring and the SPEAR storage ring incorporating a section of the old 17 line.
BTS
Base Transceiver Station (part of a cell phone tower).
BTT
BreakThrough Time. The period of time that elapses between initial contact of one side of a protective barrier (e.g. gloves, suits, etc.) and the time that the material is able to be detected on the other side of the barrier.
BTU
British Thermal Unit.
BTUH
British Thermal Units-Hours.
BTX
Benzene-Toluene-Xylene.
BTZ
Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli
BU
Bargaining Unit.
BU
BackUp.
BU
Business Unit.
Bucket
One of the possible positions to store a bunch in a storage ring. The number of buckets can be calculated by dividing the circulation frequency into the RF accelerating frequency. For example, if the RF oscillates 100 times every time the bunch circulates once around the ring, then there are 100 buckets, or possible places for the bunch to exist in that particular ring. In SPEAR, there are 280 possible buckets, and the users would like to be able to fill all of them in order to maximize the stored current and the resultant synchrotron light.
Buffer
A temporary storage facility, used to accumulate data into blocks of sufficient size to be handled efficiently by a processor or terminal.
Buffer Zone
An area of land which surrounds a hazardous waste facility and on which certain land uses and activities are restricted to protect the public health and safety and the environment from existing or potential hazards caused by the migration of hazardous waste. (CH&SE Sec. 251 10.3)
Bugger
To jump or otherwise circumvent the interlocks in an operating system.
Bulk Supplies
A power supply that feeds more than one magnet, usually by feeding unregulated DC power to more than one regulator. In this manner, one large transformer and rectifier-filter system can feed several regulators, which is usually cheaper than each magnet having its own complete power supply system.
Bunch
A compressed packet of particles. A repeating train of such bunches is usually referred to as a beam.
Bunch Muncher
A trigger driven device that momentarily shuts off the RF in the damping rings. In the past this has been used to compress the bunch or to dump unwanted beams.
Buncher
An accelerator section used to compress a cloud of electrons into a bunch.
Burn Through Monitor
A beam containment device used to detect the destruction of a primary beam stopping device. These units are usually canisters under pressure positioned near beam dumps or collimators. When the beam hits a burn through monitor, the can develops a leak and the pressure drops. This pressure drop triggers a switch which shuts off the accelerator. Formerly called Disaster Monitors or DM's.
Bus
A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another.
Button
See BPM Strip.
BUU
Boltzmann-Uhling-Uhlenbeck
BV
Balatin-Vilkovisky
BW
Birman-Wenzl
BW
BackWard.
BWM
Birman-Wenzl-Murakami
BWR
Boiling Water Reactor.

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C

C
A high-level programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kernighan at Bell Labs in the mid 1970's. C is particularly popular with personal computer programmers because it is relatively small, and requires less memory than other languages.
C&A
Certification & Authorization.
C++
A high-level programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs. C++ adds object-oriented features to its predecessor, C. It is one of the most popular programming languages for graphical applications, such as those that run in Windows and Macintosh environments.
CA
Corrective Action (ES&H)
CA
Channel Access
CA HSC
CAlifornia Health and Safety Code.
CAA
Clean Air Act. (42 U.S.C. Ch. 85, Sec. 7401 et seq)
Cable
See CBL.
Cable Access Receiver
See CAR.
Cable Access Transmitter
See CAT.
CACM
Contract Assurance / Contract Management.
CAD/CAM
Computer Assisted Design / Computer Assisted Manufacturing.
CAE
Chinese Academy of Engineering
CAER
Community Awareness and Emergency Response (a CMA program).
CAIRS
Computerized Accident / Incident Reporting System.
CAIs
Calcium Aluminum-rich InclusionS.
CAL
CALorimeter subsystem (GLAST).
CAL/OSHA
California Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Cal-ARP
California Accidental Release Program.
Calendar Year
See CY.
Calibration
BPMs: Calibration measures pedestal and ADC linearity so the computer can position the beam from the BPM data more precisely.
Calibration
Magnets: A method of matching the actual current of a magnet to its set value. The DAC to current function is accurately measured for improved trimming performance.
CALO
Calorimeter.
Calorimeter
A detector or any device measuring the energy of a particle or system.
CalSim
CALibration SIMulation. (LSST)
CAM
Control or Cost Account Manager.
CAM
Continuous Air Monitor. (SSRL)
CAMEO
Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations. (NOAA)
CAMERA
Center for Advanced Mathematics for Energy Research Applications. (LBNL)
CAMP
Capital Asset Management Process.
CAMP
CFEL-ASG-Multi-Purpose. Instrument constructed for a series of exp eriments at the LCLS.
CAMS
Corrective Action Management System.
CAMS
Chemical and Materials Science (SSRL group)
CAN
Controller Area Network.
CANDI
Controller ANalog/Digital Interface card.
CANGAROO
Collaboration of Australia and Nippon for a GAmma Ray Observatory in the Outback.
CAO
Collaborative Agreement Order. Like a purchase order, but contain s a disclaimer that it is not a contract, but is issued as an admi nistrative convenience.
CAP
Continuous Acquisition Pixel.
CAP
Corrective Action Plan
Cap Sigma
Capital Sigma. The square root of the quadratic sum of the sizes of the two beams at the IP. It is a fit parameter from a beam-beam deflection scan.
Capital Sigma
See Cap Sigma.
CAPTAR
The SLAC CAble Plant Tracking database.
CAPTCHA
Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart.
CAR
Canonical Anticommutation Relations
CARB
California Air Resources Board. See ARB.
Carcinogenic
Capable of causing cancer.
CARE
Coordinated Accelerator Research in Europe.
CAS
Cost Accounting Standards.
CAS
Contract Assurance System.
CAS
CERN Accelerator School.
CAS
Chinese Academy of Sciences.
CAS
Chemical Abstracts Service.
CAS
Condition Assessment Surveys
CASA
Center for Advanced Studies of Accelerators.
CASE
Computer-Aided Software Engineering.
Cask
A thick-walled container (usually lead) used to transport radioactive material. Also called a coffin.
CAST
CERN Axion Solar Telescope.
CASTOR
Centauro And Strange Object Research.
CAT
Cherenkov Array at Themis. Astronomy telescope array in the French Pyrenees.
CatApp
Computer application developed by SUNCAT scientists that displays reaction and activation energies for reactions occurring on cataly tic metal surfaces.
CATER
Comprehensive Accelerator Tool For Enhancing Reliability. Accelerator trouble reporting system.
Caustic Soda
Sodium Hydroxide, a strong alkaline substance used as the cleaning agent in some detergents.
Caustics
A large class of substances which form solutions having a high pH, also bases and alkalis.
Cavity
A metal enclosure whose dimensions are designed to resonate at some given RF or microwave frequency. Used to accelerate beams and/or compensate for loss of beam power in damping and storage rings.
Cavity resonator
A tunable copper cavity capable of storing electromagnetic energy of a particular wavelength and frequency and then, when properly synchronized, of imparting that energy to an electron beam passing through it. Invented by William W. Hansen, who called it the rhumbatron.
CAYG
Clean As You Go
CAZ
Controlled Access Zone.
CBAR
Contracts, Billing and Accounts Receivable (SLAC)
CBD
Commerce Business Daily
CBF
Correlated Basis Function
CBI
Cosmic Background Imager.
CBI
Critical Behaviors Inventory.
CBL
CaBLe. Klystron summary display message indicating that the cable has a problem.
CBM
Cloudy Bag Model
CBR
Cosmic Background Radiation
CBRP
Campus Building Renovation Project (SLAC)
CBT
Computer-Based Training.
CBXFEL
Cavity-Based XFEL
CC
Citizen Committee
CC
Configuration Control.
CCAST
China Center of Advanced Science and Technology.
CCB
Change Control Board.
CCCP
Chemical Carcinogen Control Program. (SLAC)
CCD
Charge-Coupled Device. A device wherein semiconductors are arranged so that the output of one serves as the input of the next .
CCD
Charge Control Device.
CCFM
Ciafaloni-Catani-Fiorani-Marchesini
CCIN2P3
Computing Center of the National Institute of Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics. (2 N's and 3 P's)
CCIRDA
Coordinating Committee for Informatics Research Development and Application (DOE)
CCITT
Consultative Committee International Telephone and Telegraph. A unit of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) of the United Nations. It produces technical standards, known as recommendations, for all internationally controlled aspects of analog and digital communications.
CCITT V.24
A set of data communications standards, similar to RS-232C, that calls out the signals to use to connect digital equipment to make the equipment compatible.
CCJ RIKEN PHENIX
Computing Center in Japan, a regional center.
CCLRC
the Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils in England.
CCM
Channel-Cut Monochromator. Device that uses a pair of crystals to produce a monochromatic beam.
CCR
California Code of Regulations (formerly California Administrative Code).
CCR
Canonical Commutation Relations
CCS
Carbon Capture and Storage.
CCSG
Child Care Subsidy Grant. (Stanford)
CCST
California Council on Science and Technology.
cctbx.xfel
Computational Crystallography ToolboX for X-ray Free-Electron Lasers.
CCTV
Closed Circuit TV
CCW
Constituent Concentrations in Waste.
CCWE
Constituent Concentrations in Waste Extract.
CD
Controls Department.
CD
Critical Decision.
CDC
Central Drift Chamber. A part of a typical colliding beam detector used to track charged particle trajectories.
CDC
Controlled Document Collection. (SLAC)
CDC
Center for Disease Control. (Federal)
CDE
calorimeter Crystal DEtector (GLAST).
CDF
Collider detector at Fermilab
CDFA
California Department of Food and Agriculture.
CDHS
California Department of Health Services (aka DHS, DOHS, SDOHS).
CDM
Cold Dark Matter
CDMS
Controlled Document Management System. (SLAC)
CDMS
Cryogenic Dark Matter Search.
CDO
Chief Diversity Officer (SLAC)
CDO
Controlled Document Owner. (SLAC)
CDR
Conceptual Design Report
CDS
Controls & Data Systems PHOTON
CDS
Controlled Document Specialist. (SLAC)
CDW
Charge Density Waves.
CEA
Commissariat à  l'énergie Atomique. (French Atomic Energy Commission)
CEB
Causal Entropy Bound.
CEBAF
The Newport News, VA Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility was officially dedicated on 5-24-96, at which time its parent lab was renamed the Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory (JNAL). CEBAF is a JNAL accelerator that uses radio-frequency cavities made of super-conducting materials to propel high-energy electrons around a race-track shaped course.
CEC
California Energy Commission.
CEDE
Committed Effective Dose Equivalent.
CEF
Conventional and Experimental Facilities. (Formerly SEM and EFD)
CELESTE
a cosmic gamma-ray experiment.
Cell
The smallest structural part of living matter capable of functioning as an independent unit.
Cell
In solid waste disposal, a hole where waste is dumped, compacted, and covered with layers of dirt on a daily basis.
Cell
A repetitive transport line unit in which the optics are such that beta out = beta in. Typical LINAC cells are 24 meters long, except for sectors two through fours which are six to 12 meters long.
CELLS
Consorci per a la constuccio, Equipament i explotacio del Laborato re de Llum de Sincrotro. (Spain)
CEM
Cascade Exiton Model.
CEM
Continuous Emission Monitoring.
CENIC
Corporation for Education Network Initiatives in California.
Central Drift Chamber
See CDC.
Central Lab Addition
Building 084. Also known as Central Lab Annex. (SLAC)
Centrifugal Collector
A mechanical system using centrifugal force to remove aerosols from a gas stream or water from sludge.
CEP
Capitol Equipment Project.
CEPE-DOE
office of Cost Estimating and Program Evaluation-Department of Energy.
CEPP
Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program. (from EPA)
CEQ
Council on Environmental Quality.
CEQA
California Environmental Quality Act. (CPRC Sec. 21000 et seq)
CERCLA
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act. Also known as Superfund. (42 U.S.C. Ch. 1, Subch. J, Part 300 et seq)
Cerenkov detector
see Cherenkov detector.
CERFnet
California Education and Research Federation Network.
CERN
European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland. (in French: Organisation Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire). The acronym, still used, derives from the organization's original name: Centre Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleair.
CERS
California Environmental Reporting System
CERT
Community Emergency Response Team (SLAC)
Certifiable Systems
Computer and telecommunications systems that can be used for, or modified to be used for, classified information.
Certified Hazardous Waste Specialist
See CHWS.
CESER
Cybersecurity, Energy Security and EMergency Response, Office of. (DOE)
Cesiate
The process of coating a cathode with a cesium compound to decrease its work function and improve its electron yield is called cesiation. The polarized light source used at CID in 1992 had its cathode cesiated once every several days.
CesrTA
Cornell electron storage ring - Test Accelerator.
CF
Core Function. ENVIRO
CF
Conflat Flange.
CfA
Center for Astrophysics (Harvard-Smithsonian).
CFCs
Chlorofluorocarbons. A family of inert, nontoxic, and easily liquified chemicals used in refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, or as solvents and aerosol propellants. Because CFCs are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere, they drift into the upper atmosphere, where their chlorine components destroy ozone.
CFEL
Centre for Free-Electron Laser science.
CFI
CAD Framework Initiative.
CFL
Color Flavor Locked.
CFO
Chief Financial Officer.
CFP
Cosmology and Fundamental Physics.
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations.
CFS
Conventional Facilities and Siting. (Also shown as CF&S).
CFS
Cubic Feet per Second.
CFT
Conformal Field Theory
CG
Center of Gravity
CGC
California Government Code.
CG
C Clebsch-Gordan coefficients
CGHS
Callan-Giddings-Harvey-Strominger
CGI
Combustible Gas Indicator.
CGI
Common Graphical Interface
CGI
Common Gateway Interface
CGM
Computer Graphics Metafile.
CGR
Carbon Glass Resistance
CGRaBS
Candidate Gamma-Ray Blazar Survey project.
CGRO
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory.
CGS
Chemical and General Safety.
CH
Combinatorial Hierarchy.
CH
CHicago office. (DOE)
CH&SC
California Health and Safety Code.
CHANDRA
See CXO
ChEM-H
Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health. (Stanford)
Chemical Emergency
See Emergency (Chemical).
Chemical Transportation Emergency Center
See CHEMTREC.
CHEMNET
A mutual aid network of chemical shippers and contractors accessible through CHEMTREC.
ChemRIXS
Chemical RIXS
CHEMTREC
CHEMical TRansportation Emergency Center. Sponsored by the Chemical Manufacturers Association. Telephone: 800-424-9300.
CHEP
Computing in High Energy and nuclear Physics (conference).
Cherenkov Detector
A detector for counting or detecting high energy charged particles. The particle passes through a liquid or a gas, and the light emitted as Cherenkov radiation is registered by a photomultiplier tube. (Cherenkov radiation is produced when a charged particle passes through a medium at a speed greater than the speed of light in that medium.)
Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector
See CRID.
CHESS
Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source.
CHFB
Cranked Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov
CHI
CHIcane.
Chicane
A Beam line bump made with four bend magnets. Chicanes are used as energy filters to transmit only the part of the spectrum wanted or to eliminate particles of the wrong charge (as in the positron chicane in EP02). The strengths of the four bends are calculated to transmit beams of a specific energy. There are three chicanes in the SLC: the CID Compressor Chicane, the LI01 Chicane, and the EP02 Chicane.
CHICOS
California High school Cosmic ray ObServatory.
CHIPP
the Swiss Institute of Particle Physics.
Chirped Beam
A beam that is accelerated so that the tail of the electronc bunch can be given a higher energy than the head (LCLS).
CHL
Chaudhuri-Hockney-Lykken
CHLOREP
CHLOrine Emergency Plan operated by the Chlorine Institute and activated through CHEMTREC.
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Halogenated hydrocarbons in which the halogen in the molecular structure is chlorine.
Chlorinated Solvent
An organic solvent containing chlorine atoms, e.g., methylene chloride and 1,1,1-trichloralmethane which is used in aerosol spray containers and in traffic paint.
Chlorofluorocarbons
See CFCs.
CHP
California Highway Patrol.
ChPT
Chiral Perturbation Theory
CHRIS/HACS
Chemical Hazard Response Information System/Hazard Assessment Computer System. Developed by and accessed through the U.S. Coast Guard. Also available for purchase in four manuals. HACS is a computerized model of the four CHRIS manuals.
CHRO
Chief Human Resources Officer (SLAC)
Chromatic Aberration
The energy-dependent distortion caused by a quadrupole. Particles of different energy are focused to different points because high-energy particles are focused (or bent) less than lower-energy particles. This is analogous to light optics, where light of different colors has different wavelengths (energy) and therefore different indexes of refraction when passing through a thin lens.
Chromatic Filamentation
The increase in the phase space area resulting from chromatic aberration. As the beam rotates in phase space, the resulting emittance is larger.
Chronic Effects
Toxic effects which occur over relatively long periods of time, e.g., months or years. See also Acute Effects.
Chronic Toxicity
A qualitative measure of a toxic agent administered repeatedly over a long period of time, e.g., months or years. See also Acute Toxicity.
CHSC
California Health and Safety Code.
CHWMP
County Hazardous Waste Management Plan. (CH&SC Sec. 25135 et seq)
CHWR
CHilled Water Return.
CHWS
Certified Hazardous Waste Specialist. A certification issued by the National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) to degreed individuals with specified experience in hazardous waste management who pass a written examination.
CHWS
CHilled Water Supply.
Ci
Curie. A quantitative measure of radioactivity equal to 3.7 x 1010 disintegrations per second.
CICC
Cable In Conduit Conductors
CICG
Centre International de Conférences Genève. (Geneva International Conference Center)
CICHEP
Cairo International Conference on High Energy Physics.
CID
Center for Inverse Design. DOE National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL ) project in which SSRL is a participant.
CID Analyzing Station
See CAS-0.
CIEMAT
Centro de Investigaciónes Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas. (Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology).(Spain)
CIFAR
Canadian Institute For Advanced Research.
CIM
Constituent Interchange Model.
CINVESTAV
Centro de INVestigación y de ESTudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. (Center for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute in Mexico)
CIRCE
The Coherent InfaRed CEnter, at LBNL.
CIS
Commonwealth of Independent States.
CISAC
Committee on International Security and Arms Control (National Academy of Sciences)
CISAC
Center for International Security and Cooperation. (Stanford)
CISC
Complex Instruction Set Computer.
CISC
Center for Interface Science and Catalysis. (SLAC/Stanford)
CISE
Computer and Information Science and Engineering
CISO
Chief Information Security Officer.
CISTI
Canada Institute for Scientific Technology Information.
CIT
Compact Ignition Tokamak.
CITRIX
Software application that allows SLAC staff and users to access computer accounts from home.
CIV
Cachazo-Intriligator-Vafa.
CJT
Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis
CKM
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa. The name given to a matrix of numbers related to quark interactions. The numbers are often shown in a gr aphical form called the unitary triangle.
CL
Controller Laser.
CLAS
CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer
Class A Fires
Fires involving ordinary combustible materials.
Class B Fires
Fires involving flammable liquids.
Class C Fires
Fires involving energized electrical equipment.
Class D Fires
Fires involving combustible metals such as Li, Mg, Ti, Zn, Na, and K.
CLCWL
China's Linear Collider Workshop.
CLE2
CLEO II detector at CESR.
CLEAN
Continuous wave Linac for Efficiency and Availability iNnovation.
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Clean Room
A specifically prepared and designated location that limits the intrusion of airborne particles and/or fume contamination using positive pressure, filtered air, special ventilation systems, and other methods.
Cleanup
Actions taken to deal with a release or threat of release of a hazardous substance that could affect humans and/or the environment. The term `cleanup' is sometimes used interchangeably with the terms remedial action, removal action, response action, or corrective action.
CLGW
CooLinG Water.
Client/Client Process
A program running on a network workstation that requests services from a network server. For example, a client might be a user sitting at a workstation using a front end program--a client process --that makes a request to a database server for data.
Client-Server Architecture
A distributed computing system in which a client process (a front end program requesting a service) sends a request to a program running on another machine (a server) to perform some function. For example, a database client might request a database server to supply some collection of sorted data. The server performs the sort and sends the sorted data to the client.
CLM
Chemical Lifecycle Management (ESH)
CLNSF
Collaboration of the Light-and Neutron-Source Facilities. (US)
CLOC
Central Lab Office Complex. (LCLS)
Closed-Loop Recycling
Reclaiming or reusing wastewater for non-potable purposes in an enclosed process.
CLR
Common Language Runtime.
CLSS
Compton Laser Safety Stopper.
CM
Crisis Manager.
CM
Construction Manager.
CM
Center of Mass
CMA
Chemical Manufacturers Association.
CMB Cosmic Microwave Background.
CMBR
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.
CMB-S4
Cosmic Microwave Background-Stage 4
CMD
Cryogenic magnetic detector at VEPP-2M, Novosibirsk.
CMDB
Configuration Management DataBase (ServiceNow)
CMFD
Centrally Managed - Field Deployed.
CMIP
Common Management Information Protocol. An OSI standard protocol used with the Common Management Information Services (CMIS).
CMIS
Common Management Information Services.
CMMS
Computer Maintenance Management System.
CMOS
Complimentary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor detector.
CMR
Colossal MagnetoResistance.
CMRF
Cryomodule Maintenance and Repair Facility (SLAC)
CMS
Compact Muon Solenoid, general purpose detector at the LHC (CERN).
CMS
Chemical Management Services.
CMS
Central Lab Machine Shop. A SLAC Group.
CMS
Center-of-Mass System.
CMS
Content Management Software.
CMSSM
Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.
CMT
Crisis Management Team.
CN
Cyanide.
CNAO
Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica, located in Pavia in Italy.
CNGrid
China National Grid.
CNGS
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso, a project.
CNLS
Cornell Laboratory of Nuclear Studies.
CNM
Chiral NonMinimal
CNN
Convolutional Neural Network.
CNRS
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France).
CNS
Central Nervous System.
CNTR
Counters.
CO
Conduit Only.
Coaxial Cable
An electrical cable in which a piece of wire is surrounded by insulation and then surrounded by a tubular piece of metal whose axis of curvature coincides with the center of the piece of wire, hence the term, `coaxial.' Such cable offers high transmission rates, and is used by Ethernet.
COBE
COsmic Background Explorer satellite.
COBIT
Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology.
COD
Chemical Oxygen Demand.
COE
Conduct Of Engineering.
COFC
Container On Flat Car.
COG
Continuity Of Government.
COH1 and COH2
COHerent 1 and COHerent 2 lasers. Used as sources for the beam
CoHE
Control of Hazardous Energy.
Coherent Oscillation
An oscillation created when all particles of a bunch oscillate with the same phase.
COI
Conflict Of Interest.
Coliform Index
A rating of the purity of water based on a count of fecal bacteria.
COLIM
COLlIMator.
Collaboration
The set of physicists (and related postdoctoral and graduate students) who are actively involved in a specific experiment at any time during its development, running, analysis and publication
Collider Injector Development
See CID.
Collimator
Sometimes called `slit.' A mechanical device installed in a beam line in order to reduce the aperture. SLC collimators are either `fixed' or have movable `jaws' and are used to define the energy and/or remove beam tails. Protection collimators are used to intercept high power beams before they can impact on magnetic elements in a beam line. See also PC.
COLTRIMS
COld Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy
Combustion Product
Substance produced during the burning or oxidation of a material.
COMET
superconducting proton cyclotron at the Paul Scherrer Institute (P SI).
COMFORT
A program to design transport line optics. COMFORT computes only twiss and storage ring parameters.
Command Post
See CP.
Common Management Information Protocol
See CMIP.
Community Antenna Television
See CATV.
Community Toxicology Unit
See COMTU.
COMPASS
Common Muon and Proton Apparatus for Structure and Spectroscopy (CERN)
COMPLETE
COordinated Molecular Probe Line Extinction Thermal Emission surve y.
Compliance Schedule A negotiated agreement between a pollution source and a government agency that specifies dates and procedures by which a source will reduce emissions and, thereby, comply with a regulation.
Compressor
A system, incorporating an RF source and a bending transport line section, used to reduce the length of a particle bunch. An energy spread is introduced into the bunch using a short accelerator section. The leading particles, with more energy, will traverse a longer path through the bend section because they bend less. The tail, or trailing particles of lower energy, will make a sharper bend and catch up with the head, thus reducing the bunch length. This method is used to reduce bunch length after the damping rings in the NRTL and the SRTL.
Compton Effect
The reduction in the energy of high-energy photons when they are scattered by free electrons during elastic collisions.
Compton Polarimeter
A device which ascertains the degree of polarization of the electron beam by measuring the cross section of compton-scattered electrons from polarized laser light.
Computer Architecture
The area of computer study that deals with the physical structure (hardware) of computer systems and the relationships among these various hardware components.
COMTU
COMmunity Toxicology Unit. A subdivision of DHS.
Confined Aquifer
See Artesian Aquifer.
Conservation
Avoiding waste of, and renewing when possible, human and natural resources. The protection, improvement, and use of natural resources according to principles that will assure their highest economic or social benefits.
Contaminant Any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter that has an adverse effect on air, water, or soil.
Contingency Plan
A document setting out an organized, planned, and coordinated course of action to be followed in case of a fire or explosion or a release of hazardous waste from a TSDF or a generator's facility that could threaten human health or the environment. (from RCRA)
Control Technique Guidelines
See CTG.
Controlled Access
A PPS interlocked state that allows controlled entry without violating the `searched state' of an SLC area. An MCC operator must visually (by remote cable TV) identify and log all persons entering or leaving the area. An interlocked key bank system is used to control the number of people in the area. The operator logs the names of the people entering the area, and releases each of them a key which they may use for entry and must return upon leaving the area.
Controlled Area
An area wherein entry is controlled for the purpose of radiation protection.
CONTV
CONTrol Valve.
COO
Chief Operating Officer.
Cookie
A message given to a Web browser by a Web server. The browser stores the message in a text file called cookie.txt. The message is then sent back to the server each time the browser requests a page from the server.
Coolant
A liquid or gas used to reduce the heat generated by power production in nuclear reactors, electric generators, various industrial and mechanical processes, and automobile engines.
Cooling Tower
A structure that helps remove heat from water used as a coolant, e.g., in electric power generating plants.
COPC
Chemicals Of Potential Concern (ESH)
COPPER
Modularized pipeline readout electronics system. Developed for KEK B-factory upgrade.
CORBA
Common Object Request Broker Architecture, a software system which deals with distributed object computing
CORE
Committee for Outreach, Recruitment & Engagement. (SLAC)
CORR
CORRector magnet
Corrosion
The dissolving and wearing away of metal caused by a chemical reaction such as between water and the pipes that the water contacts, chemicals touching a metal surface, or contact between two metals.
Corrosive
A chemical agent that reacts with the surface of a material causing it to deteriorate or wear away.
COSM
Cosmology and astrophysics.
COSMOS
COsmologically Significant Mass Oscillation Search (A Fermilab Exp eriment)
Cost Recovery
A legal process by which potentially responsible parties who contributed to contamination at a Superfund site can be required to reimburse the Trust Fund for money spent during any cleanup actions by the federal government.
CoSWMP
County Solid Waste Management Plan. (California)
COSY
COoler SYnchrotron.
COTR
Coherent Optical Transition Radiation.
COTS
Commercial Off The Shelf, components that are commercially available, generally in stock.
Counter
An electronic device used to count pulses or the frequency of oscillations.
Counter
A particle detector used for counting particles or monitoring radiation.
COUPP
Chicagoland Observatory for Underground Particle Physics.
Cover
Vegetation or other material providing protection as ground cover.
COVID-19
COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (previously known as "2019 novel coronavirus")
CP
Cathodic Protection.
CP
Command Post. A facility located at a safe distance upwind from an accident site, where the on-scene coordinator, responders, and technical representatives can make response decisions, deploy manpower and equipment, maintain liaison with news media, and handle communications.
CP
Charge Parity.
CP Symmetry
Charge-parity symmetry. Under this principle, the physics of an interaction would be unaffected if a particle were to be converted into its anti-particle and viewed in a mirror.
CP Violation
The small but important asymmetry of the weak interactions under the combined operations of charge conjugation and parity inversion. Was discovered experimentally by James Cronin and Val Fitch of Princeton, who won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery.
CPARS
Contractor Performance Assessment Reporting System.
CPC
Chemical Protective Clothing.
cPCI
compact Peripheral Component Interface.
CPDG
Comprehensive Project Design Guidance. (ILC)
CPE
Controls and Power Electronics (Operations Directorate).
CPI
Communications & Power Industries (Palo Alto)
CPIC
Capital Planning and Investment Control.
CPIX
Channeled-Proton-Induced Xrays.
CPO
Chiral Primary Operator
CPP
Compliance Partnership Program.
CPR
CardoPulmonary Resuscitation
CPRC
California Public Resources Code.
CPS
Circular Polarization Sign.
CPSA
Consumer Product Safety Act.
CPSC
Consumer Product Safety Commission.
CPSR
Contractor Purchasing System Review.
CPT
Charge Parity Transformations
CPT
theorem Charge conjugation Parity inversion Time reversal theorem. Holds that physics should not discriminate between particles and anti-particles (moving backwards in time).
CPU
Central Processing Unit (in a computer)
CPV
Charge-Parity Violation.
CPWC
Central Proportional Wire Chamber.
CQA
Contractor and Quality Assucance office (SLAC)
CQM
Constituent Quark Model
CR
Cosmic Ray.
CRAC
Computer Room Air Conditioners.
CRAD
Criteria Review and Approach Document.
CRADA
Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (between a DOE contractor and private industry)
Crash Bar
A device to push open a locked PPS gate in case of a fire or other emergency. Crash bars can be reset only with special keys kept in the MCC control room keysafe.
CREAM
Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass experiment.
CRENEL
Commission to Review the Effectiveness of the National Energy Laboratories.
Criteria
Descriptive factors taken into account by EPA in setting standards for various pollutants. These factors are used to determine limits on allowable concentration levels, and to limit the number of violations per year. When issued by EPA, the criteria provide guidance to the states on how to establish their standards.
Criteria Pollutants
The 1970 amendments to the Clean Air Act required EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards for certain pollutants known to be hazardous to human health. EPA has identified and set standards to protect human health and welfare for six pollutants: ozone, carbon monoxide, total suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, lead, and nitrogen oxide. The term, `criteria pollutants' derives from the requirement that EPA must describe the characteristics and potential health and welfare effects of these pollutants. It is on the basis of these criteria that standards are set or revised.
CRL
Compound Refractive Lens.
CRM
Customer Relations Management.
CRO
Chief Research Officer.
CROP
Cosmic Ray Observatory Project.
Cross Section
A measure of the probability that a collision will occur between a beam and a particular particle. The rate for a given process is proportional to its cross-section.
Cross Section
The area of the section of an object generated by the intersection of a plane with that object.
Crowbar
A circuit designed to quickly short out an electrical voltage in order to protect either equipment or personnel downstream of the system.
CRPP
Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas.
CRSI
Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute.
CRT
Cathode Ray Tube
CRYO
CRYogenic Operations. A SLAC Group in the Experimental Facilities Department that is responsible for the storage, transportation and use of low temperature liquid gases (commonly used as targets, or in detectors and superconducting magnets).
cryo-EM
cryo-Electron Microscopy
cryo-ET
cryo-Electron Tomography
Cryo-FIB-SEM
Cryo-Focused Ion Beam- Scanning Electron Microscopy
Cryo-FIB-TEM
Cryo-Focused Ion Beam-Transmission Electron Microscope
cryoFLM
cryo-Fluorescence Light Microscopy
Cryogenic
Substance having a temperature below -150 degrees F (-101.1 degrees C).
Cryogenic Operations
See CRYO.
Cryogenics
The branch of physics and engineering dealing with very low temperatures.
Cryogenics Engineering
See CYE.
Cryostat
An apparatus for maintaining a very low temperature. The final focus superconducting triplet quadrupoles and the spin rotator solenoids are enclosed in cryostats (a fancy name for a thermos bottle).
CSA
Canadian Standards Act.
CSA
Chemical Waste Storage Area.
CSB
Charge Symmetry Breaking.
CSB2
Columbia University - Stony Brook GBO calorimeter installed in an NaI array.
CS
C Cathode Strip Chambers.
CSCNS
Committee on Scientific Communication and National Security (NAS)
CSGAC
Chinese Scientists Group on Arms Control
CSGB
Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division (DOE)
CSIP
Charge-Sensitive Infrared Phototransistor.
CSIP
Cyber Safety Improvement Plan / Program.
CSIRO
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. (Australia)
CSIS
Center for Strategic & International Studies (Washington D.C.)
CSKR
Cremmer-Scherk-Kalb-Ramond.
CSM
Calogero-Sutherland-Moser
CSO
Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (Hawaii).
CSO
Chief Safety Officer. (SLAC)
CSP
Chemical Strategies Partnership.
CSPP
Cyber Security Program Plan.
CSR
Coherent Synchrotron Radiation.
CSS
Common Site Support
CSX
Five channel differential transceiver.
CT
Computer-assisted Tomography.
CT
Cooling Tower.
CT
Cold Test.
CTA
Cerenkov Telescope Array.
CTBT
Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty
CTC
Closed Timelike Curves.
CTD
Cumulative Trauma Disorder. A form of musculo-skeletal disorder caused by damage to tissue from repetitive motion or sustained posture.
CTEQ
Coordinated Theoretical-Experiment project on the QCD.
CTF
Collider Test Facility
CTG
Control Technique Guidelines. A series of EPA documents designed to assist states in defining reasonable available control technology (RACT) for major sources of volatile organic compounds (VOC).
CTM
Corner Transfer Matrix
CTP
Closed Time Path
CTW
Cooling Tower Water.
CUDA
Compute Unified Device Architecture. An open-source compiler.
CUI
Controlled Unclassified Information.
CUIR
Critical Utility Infrastructure Revitalization (DOE)
Cumulative Working Level Months
See CWLM.
CUORE
Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events. (Italy)
CUP
Central Utility Plant.
Curie
See Ci. ENVIRO
CUSB
Columbia University-Stony Brook segmented NaI detector at CESR.
CV
Cost Variance.
CVD
Chemical Vapor Deposition method
CVM
Cluster Variation Method
CVP
Central Valley Project (WAPA_CA)
CVSS
Common Vulnerability Scoring System. (Computing)
CW
Code Workshop.
CW
Continuous Wave (RF).
CW
Cooling water. See also LCW.
CWA
Clean Water Act. (33 U.S.C. Sec. 1251 et seq)
CWC
California Water Code.
CWE
Current Working Estimate.
CWFA
Cherenkov Wake Field Accelerator
CWKB
Gomplex Wentzel-Karmers-Brillouin.
CWLM
Cumulative Working Level Months. The sum of lifetime exposure to radon working levels expressed in total working level months.
CWMA
Centralized Waste Management Area.
CWMB
California Waste Management Board.
CWR
Contingent WorkeR.
CX
Categorical Exclusion.
CXD
Categorical Exclusion Determination.
CXI
Coherent X-ray Imaging (LCLS).
CXIDB
Coherent X-ray Imaging Database.
CXL
The central controller chassis from Cerberus, used at SLAC for fire detection.
CXO
Chandra X-ray Observatory
CY
Calendar Year, 1 Jan thru 31 Dec. See also FY (Fiscal Year).
CY
Calabi-Yan
Cyberspace
A term coined by William Gibson in his fantasy novel `Neuromancer' to describe the `world' of computers, and the society that gathers around them. Now more generally defined as the on-line world of computer networks.
CYE
CrYogenics Engineering. A SLAC Organizational Group.
CYL
CYLinder.
CYO
CrYogenics Operations.
Czar
Term used to designate person within a group who has responsibility for administration of a type of information resource. See also mega-czar.

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D

D
Usually refers to a beam dump. ALSO: D.
D
Dipole magnet.
D Wastes
A federal waste category for those wastes which exceed maximum concentrations of toxic components based on the EP Toxicity test.
D&D
Decontamination and Decomissioning
D0
FNAL-COLLIDER detector (D-Zero).
DAB
Data Assembly Building. Now called the Main Control Center (MCC).
DAC
Digital to Analog Converter. Usually used to control a power supply.
DAC
Director's Assurance Council. (SLAC, 2011- )
DACT
Direct ACTion.
Daemon
A server or process running on a server that lies dormant until called upon to perform a service. Most servers are daemons.
DAMA
particle DArk MAtter search. (INFN)
DAMA/LIBRA
particle DArk MAtter search using Large sodium Iodide Bulk for RAr e processes.
DAMIC
DArk Matter In CCDs. (Fermilab)
Damping Ring
A system to reduce the transverse emittance of a beam. In a ring, accelerated particles lose energy due to synchrotron radiation. In a damping ring, the lost energy is partially replaced by an RF source, which boosts the parallel (or longitudinal) energy, but does not correct the damping of the transverse emittance.
DAQ
Data AcQuisition system.
Dark Current
Spurious emission of electrons from a gun cathode or vacuum chamber wall in the presence of high voltage or RF. Dark current can be picked up and accelerated by RF stations out of phase with the main bunch.
DARPA
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
DART
Days Away, Restricted, or Transferred. A subset of the Total Recordable Case (TRC) rate.
DASEL
DArk Sector Experiments at LCLS-II
DASI
Degree Angular Scale Interferometer.
Data Compression
A technique used for cutting transmission costs or time, or for saving buffer space. It removes unnecessary gaps, redundancies, and empty fields from data streams.
Database
See DB.
Database Executive
See DBEX.
Database Generation
See DBGEN.
Database Server
A computer running a back-end (or server-based) database management program. The database server performs all database functions (for example, retrieving and sorting data) for clients requesting services.
Database/Database Management System
"A collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data a program specifically designed to manage data.
Dataphones
Service mark of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company for various hardware products.
Dazzler
See AOPDF entry.
DB
Database. A collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data.
DB
Decibel.
DBA
DataBase Administrator
DBD
Detailed Baseline Design. (ILC)
DBHF
Dirac-Bruckner-Hartreel-Fock
DBI
Dirac-Born-Infeld
DBM
Determined By Management.
D-brane
In string theory, a ten-dimensional membrane that provides an anchoring surface for strings. D-branes can have mass, momentum and charge, and are quantum versions of objects that were first found as solitonic solutions of supergravity.
DC
Data Challenges (GLAST simulations).
DC
Drift Chamber.
DC
Data Center.
DC1
Data Challenge 1. (GLAST)
DC2
Data Challenge 2. (GLAST)
DCAA
Defense Contract Audit Agency.
DCB
Design Cost Board. (ILC)
DCBA
Drift Chamber Beta-Ray Analyzer
DCBD
DC Bending Dipole.
DCC
Disoriented Chiral Condensate
DCC
Directorate Conference Coordinator.
DCCT
Direct Current Current Transformer. A system used in storage rings to measure the stored current. It uses a toroid and an integrator. PHYSICS
DCE
Distributed Computing Environment. An architecture of standard programming interfaces, conventions, and server functionalities for distributing applications transparently across networks of heterogeneous computers. Promoted and controlled by the Open Software Foundation (OSF).
DCIM
Data Center Information Management.
DCO
Document Change Order
DCR
Detector Concepts Report. (ILC)
DCS
Design and Construction Services. F&O department/group at SLAC.
DCS
Distributed Control System.
DDAA
Decade of Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics.
DDC
Digital Down Converter.
DDCCT
A Device which measures and reads out the rate of change of the DC Current Transformer (DCCT). It is used to find the fill/loss rate of current in storage rings.
DDE
Dynamic Data Exchange. A protocol supported by Microsoft Windows that allows cooperating Windows applications (applications that use the DDE specification) to establish both data and command links, which allow these cooperating applications to exchange data in real time, initiate new processes and support compound documents that consist of elements drawn from disparate files that are automatically updated as data changes in the external files.
DDO
Deputy Director for Operations (SLAC)
DDP&I
Deputy Director for Projects and Infrastructure
DDS&T
Deputy Director of Science & Technology (SLAC)
DE
Dark Energy.
DEAR
Department of Energy Acquisition Regulations.
DECam
Dark Energy survey Camera. (Chile-2012)
Dechlorination
Removal of chlorine from a substance by chemically replacing it with hydrogen or hydroxide ions in order to detoxify the substances involved.
DEEP
Deep Extragalactic Evolutionary Probe.
Deep Well Injection
The disposal of wastes by injecting them into a geological formation deep in the ground, sometimes after pretreatment to avoid solidification.
Degaussing
The process of removing the residual field in the iron of an electromagnet by reversing the polarity of the power supply feeding that magnet, and putting just the right amount of power through the windings in the opposite direction. This type of hysteresis neutralization is used when the operating field of the magnet must be precisely controlled.
Degradation
The process by which a chemical is reduced to a less complex form.
DEI
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
DEIMOS
Deep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph.
DEIS
Draft Environmental Impact Statement.
Delegated State
A state (or other governmental entity) which has applied for and received authority to administer, within its territory, its state regulatory program as the federal program required under a particular federal statute. As used in connection with NPDES, UIC, and PWS programs, the term does not connote any transfer of federal authority to a state.
Delist
The use of the petition process to have a facility's toxic designation rescinded.
DEMO
DEMOnstration power plant (ITER).
DEMON
A Monte Carlo program for electron-down quark (e-d) scattering.
DEMTBL
DEMounTaBLe.
DENIS
DEep Near Infrared Survey of the southern sky
Density
Mass per unit of volume, commonly expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc). The density of water is 1.00 g/cc.
DEO
Director of Emergency Operations.
DEOIC
Deputy Engineering Operator In Charge.
DEPFET
DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor detector.
DEPFET
DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor. Pixel detector developed at MPI Halbeiterlabor Munchen.
DES
Dark Energy Survey.
DESC
Dark Energy Science Collaboration.
DESI
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument.
Designer Bugs
Popular term for microbes developed through biotechnology that can degrade specific toxic chemicals at their source in toxic waste dumps or in ground water.
DESTINY
Dark Energy Space Telescope
DESY
Deutsches Elektronen-SYnchrotron (Hamburg, Germany)
DESY PETRA
DESY Positronen Elektronen Tandem Ring Accelerator (1978-1986), now PETRA III.
DETF
Dark Energy Task Force. (HEPAP)
Deuce, The
LCLS II.
DFA
Department of Food and Agriculture. (California)
DFG
Deutsche ForschungsGemeinschaft. (German Research Foundation)
DFMEA
Design Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
DFR
Doplicher-Fredenhagen-Roberts.
DFS
"Distributed File System. A major component of DCE. It is OSF's extended version of the Andrew File System (AFS) from Transarc. DFS is interoperable with other file systems. ""cd/:"" changes you to the directory at the top of your cell ""cd/..."" changes you to the global root."
DFT
Density Functional Theory.
DGLAP
Dokshitser-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi
DGP
Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati.
DGW
Discharge to Ground Water.
DH
Department Head.
DHCAL
Digital Hadron Calorimeter. (ILC)
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. An Internet protocol for automating the configuration of computers that use TCP/IP.
DHGHY
Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov-Hosoda-Yamamoto.
DHGI
Drell Hearn Gerasimov Iddings sum rule
DHHS
Department of Health and Human Services. (federal)
DHS
Department of Health Services (California, aka CDHS, SDOHS, DOHS).
DIAMOND
Third-generation synchrotron radiation source in the UK.
DIANA
DIagram ANAlyser
DIC
Deep Inelastic Collisions
Diffraction
elastic-like scattering
DigiSim
Tool for fast parametric simulations of detector phenomena. (ILC)
Digital
Any system based on discontinuous data or events. Computers are digital machines because at their most basic level they can distinguish between just two values, 0 and 1, or off and on.
Digitizer
Any analog to digital converter. See also ADC.
Digitizer
A device used to digitize the light intensity created when a profile monitor is inserted in a beam transport line.
DIMAD
A computer program used to study particle behavior in circular machines and in beam lines
Dioxin
Any of a family of compounds known chemically as dibenzo-p-dioxins. Concern about them arises from their potential toxicity and contamination in commercial products. Tests on laboratory animals indicate that it is one of the more toxic manufactured chemicals known.
DIP
Distributed Ion Pump. Pumps that are integrated in the physical structure of dipole magnets, and use the dipole's magnetic field to steer the ions into a 'trap.'
Dipole
A magnet with a North and South pole, typically used to bend or steer a beam.
DIR
Department of Industrial Relations. (California)
Direct Current Current Transformer
See DCCT.
Directory Services
A network function providing resource (file, user, printer, applications) information to end users.
DIRT
Dust InfraRed Toolbox.
DIS
Deep Inelastic Scattering
Disassembling
Converting a binary program into human-readable machine language code.
Disc Loaded WaveGuide
See DLWG.
Dispersion
The blow up of a beam caused by an energy spread. The dispersion occurs when the beam is bent by a dipole magnet, because charged particles with less energy bend more and particles with more energy bend less. See also ETA function.
Distributed Computing Environment
A comprehensive programming toolkit that includes libraries for remote procedure calls, network communication, and resource-management tools for the network, as well as tools for creating distributed applications.
Distributed File System
A file system in which different pieces of files are contained in multiple file servers in multiple locations throughout a given network. The system maintains all storage information, and ensures that a distributed file appears transparently to the user as one single and whole file.
Distributed Ion Pump
See DIP.
Distributed Processing
An architecture under which different processes of a unique task are performed in multiple locations of a given network. For example, data requested by a client might be retrieved from a database residing on a centralized mainframe, sent to and sorted by a regional minicomputer, and finally returned to the workstation or possibly printed at the workstation's local printer facility.
Dithers
The last x, y correctors in the machine, just before the final triplets. They are air core dipoles which have a fast response time and are used for beam scans and IP wire scans.
Divergence
The increase in the diameter of a beam as a function of z position.
Divide By Four
Any circuit which divides a frequency (or other parameter) by four.
DKFZ
Deutsches KresForschungsZentrum, a German cancer research center.
DKP
Dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili.
DL
Dog-Leg beam position monitor. (LCLS)
DLA
Direct or Delectric Laser Acceleration.
DLA
Double Logarithmic Approximation
DLCQ
Discretized Light Cone Quantization
DLDS
Delay Line Distribution System.
DLHC
Double energy Large Hadron Collider.
DLLA
Double Leading Logarithmic Approximation
DLP
Data Loss Prevention. (Symantec)
DLS
Desktops & Labs Services (Computing)
DLSO
Deputy Laser Saftey Officer.
DLWG
Disc Loaded Wave Guide. The LINAC accelerator pipe is a Disc Loaded Wave Guide.
DM
Deferred Maintenance.
DMA
Direct Memory Access.
DMAIC
Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control.
DMAT
Disaster Medical Assistance Team.
DMF
Detector Microfabrication Facility. New state-of-the-art cleanroom in ASC for superconducting circuit fabrication (SLAC)
DMP
Data Management Plan.
DMR
Discharge Monitoring Report (from CWA).
DMR
Differential Microwave Radiometers
DMS
see CDMS.
DMSAG
Dark Matter Scientific Assessment Group.
DMUF
Dust Mask User's Form.
DMWG
Data Management Working Group (SD&H).
DNA
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid ENVIRO
DNF
Disjunctive Normal Form
DNLS
Discrete NonLinear Schrodinger
DNS
Domain Name System. The method used to convert Internet names to their corresponding Internet numbers.
DNSTR
DowN STReam.
DO
Dissolved Oxygen.
DO
Director's Office.
DOD
Department Of Defense. (federal)
Dodecapole
A twelve-pole magnet.
DOE
Department Of Energy. Supercedes ERDA and the AEC. Established 4 August 1977.
DOE HQ
DOE HeadQuarters (Washington, DC).
DOE/ORO
Department of Energy Oak Ridge Operations office.
DOELAP
DOE Laboratory Accreditation Program.
DOF
Degree-Of-Freedom.
DOHS
Department of Health Services (California, aka CDHS, DHS, SDOHS).
DOI
Digital Object Identifier.
DOM
Digital Optical Modules
Domain
In the Internet, a part of the naming hierarchy. Syntactically, an Internet domain name consists of a sequence of names separated by dots, for example slac.stanford.edu.
Domain Name System
See DNS.
Dose
In radiology, the quantity of energy or radiation absorbed.
Dose-Response Curve
The quantitative relationship between the dose of a toxic agent administered to an organism and the response of the organism.
Dosimeter
An instrument to measure integrated radiation dose. See also TLD.
DOT
United States Department of Transportation.
Dotted Decimal Notation
The syntactic representation for a 32-bit integer that consists of four 8-bit numbers written in base 10 with dots separating them. Used to represent IP addresses in the Internet as in: 192.67.67.20.
Dotted Quad
A set of four numbers connected with periods that make up an Internet address, for example: 147.31.254.130.
DPB
Division of Particles and Beams (American Physicsl Society).
DPDF
Diffractive Parton Distribution Functions.
DPE
Dual-Phase Extraction (ESH)
DPF
Division of Particles and Fields (American Physical Society)
DPHEP
Data Preservation in High Energy Physics. An international collaboration of organizations for data preservation and long term analysis.
DPLTA
Data Preservation and Long-Term Analysis. (HEP)
DPO
Differing Professional Opinions program (DOE)
DPWA
Energy-Dependent Partial-Wave Analysis.
DQC
Dynamic Quantum Clustering.
DR
Damping Ring. ENGINEERING
DR
Disaster Recovery.
DRA
Data Risk Assessment (Stanford)
DRE
Destruction and Removal Efficiency.
DREAM
Dynamic REAction Microscope (or Microscopy)
DREP
Dosimetry and Radiological Environmental Protection.
DRG
Divisional Response Group.
Drift Chamber
A particle detector that determines the track path of a particle by measuring the drift time for free electrons from ionized gas along the particle's trajectory.
Driver
A software module that controls an input/output port or external device. PC/TCP uses a device driver to control the network interfaces.
DRP
Data Reduction Pipeline
DS
Direct Supervisor.
DS
Desktop Support.
DS
Dyson-Schwinger
DSE
Dyson-Schwinger equations
DSES
Dyson-Schwinger Equation Studies.
DSph
dwarf Spheroidal (galaxies).
DSR
Data Set Ready.
DSR
Doubly Special Relativity.
DSS
Decision Support Services.
DST
Daylight-Savings Time.
DST
Data Summary Tapes.
DSW
Discharge to Surface Water.
DT
Drift Tube.
DT
Dynamically Triangulated
D-T
Deuterium-Tritium.
DTC
Drift-Tube Chambers.
DTD
Document Type Definition (as for SGML)
DTM
Data Transfer Module.
DTN
Data Transfer Node
DTR
Data Terminal Ready.
DTW
Domestic Treatment Works.
Dump
A device to absorb the full power of a beam, either while tuning or after it has been used by an experiment.
DUNE
Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment.
DUPCD
Device Using Pulse Control Devices.
Dust
Particles light enough to be suspended in air.
Dustfall Jar
An open container used to collect large particles from the air for measurement and analysis.
DVCS
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
DVM
Digital Volt Meter.
DW
Data Warehouse.
DWA
Dielectric Wakefield Accelerator.
DWBA
Distorted Wave Born Approximation.
DWFA
Dielectric WakeField Accelerator.
DWIA
Distorted Wave Impulse Approximation.
DXS
Dynamic X-ray Scattering instrument features two major experimental programs: Inelastic X-ray Scattering and X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (LCLS-II HE)
Dynamic Data Exchange
See DDE.
DYWIDAG
DYckerhoff & WIDman AG. Company that manufactures post-tensioning and geotechnical construction systems.
DZM
Darbourx-Zakharov-Manakov.

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E

E
Experiment.
EA
Enterprise Architecture.
EA
Environmental Assessment.
EA
Office of Enterprise Assessments. (DOE)
EAC
Estimate At Completion.
EACT
The energy in GeV for a quad strength as computed by LEM. It is based on data from klystron Enoload. See also ENLD.
EAPR
Enterprise Architecture Project Review
EARN
The European Academic Research Network. Started in 1983, EARN was the first and largest network serving academic and research institutions in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Initially begun with help from IBM, it evolved to become a non-profit, non- commercial traffic-based network serving academic and research institutions.
EAS
Extensive Air Shower
East Turn Around
See ETA.
EBCCD
Electron-Bombarded CCD
EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. An 8-bit code for defining 256 different characters used on many IBM main frame computers. See also ASCII.
EBD-FEE
Electron Beam Dump - Front End Enclosure. single zone furthest downstream accelerator area
EBI
Energy Biosciences Institute.
EBK
Einstein-Brillouin-Keller
EBL
Extragalactic Background Light.
EBT
Extended Business Team.
EC
European Commission.
EC
Executive Committee. (ILC)
ECal
Elctromagnetic Calorimeter. (ILC)
ECCO
Eikonal Cascade COde
ECFA
European Committee on Future Accelerators
ECI
Electron Cloud Instability.
ECM
Enterprise Content Management. Strategies and tools used to capture, manage, store, preserve, and deliver content and documents related to organizational processes. ECM tools and strategies allow the management of an organization's unstructured information, wherever that information exists.
Ecology
The relationship of living things to one another and their environment, or the study of such relationships.
eConf
Electronic Conference proceedings archive. ( http://www.slac.stanford.edu/econf/)
ECP
Employee Concerns Program (DOE)
ECP
Exposure Control Plan.
ECP
Exascale Computing Project.
ECR
Electron Cyclotron Resonance
ECSC
Enterprise Computing Steering Committee.
ECSK
Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble.
ED
ElectroDialysis.
ED
Engineering Design (ILC).
ED & M
Electrical Development and Maintenance group, a department. (SSRL)
EDF
Environmental Defense Fund.
EDG
European DataGrid.
EDIA
Engineering Design Inspection Acceptance (cost estimates).
EDM
Electric Discharge Machining.
EDM
Electric Dipole Moment
EDM
Extensible Display Manager
EDMS
Electronic Document Management System.
EDMS
Engineering Data Management System (ILC).
EDR
Engineering Design Report. (ILC)
EDS
Electronics Drafting Shop.
EDS
Engineering Demonstration System (LLNL)
EE
EmployeE.
EE
Electronics Engineering. Division of the SLAC Accelerator Directorate.
EED
Electronics Engineering Division. (SLAC)
EEF
Environmental Evaluation Form.
EEHG
Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation.
EEIP
Electrical Equipment Inspection Program (SLAC).
EELA
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America.
E-ELT
European-Extremely Large Telescope.
EEOICPA
Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act.
EEP
Emergency Evacuation Plan.
EEQT
Event Enhanced Quantum Theory
EERE
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. (DOE Office of)
EEW
Energized Electrical Work request and approval permit.
EFE
Einstein Field Equation-type.
Effluent
Wastewater--treated or untreated--that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. Generally refers to wastes discharged into surface waters.
Effluent Limitation Restrictions
established by a State or EPA on quantities, rates, and concentrations in wastewater discharges.
EFMEA
External Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
EFRC
Energy Frontier Research Center. (DOE)
EFT
Effective Field Theory.
EGEE
Enabling Grids for E-sciencE. (Consortium)
EGP
Exterior Gateway Protocol. The protocol used by a gateway in one autonomous system to advertise the Internet addresses of networks in that autonomous system to a gateway in another autonomous system. Every autonomous system must use EGP to advertise network reachability to the core gateway system.
EGS
Electron-Gamma Shower. A system of computer codes for Monte Carlo simulation of the coupled transport of electrons and photons in an arbitrary geometry for particles with energies ranging from above a few keV up to several TeV.
EGS
Ehlers-Geren-Sachs
EGS4
Electron Gamma Shower 4 (Computer Code).
EGUN
Electron optics and GUN design program.
EH
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Environment, Safety and Health.
EH&S
Environmental Health & Safety (Stanford).
EHF
European Hadron Facility
EHM
Extremely Hazardous Materials.
EHNS
Ellis-Hagelin-Nanopoulos-Srednicki
EHS
Four-pi detector at CERN.
EHSS
Environment, Health, Safety & Security (DOE)
EIA
Electrical Institute Associates.
EIA
Energy Information Agency.
EIE
Electronics and Instrumentation section (Controls Department).
EIL
Environmental Impairment Liability.
EIP
Energy Isolation Plan
EIR
Environmental Impact Report. (CEQA)
EIR
External Independent Review. (DOE)
EIS
Environmental Impact Statement. (NEPA)
ELEC
Electronic combination.
Electromagnet Current
See EMC.
Electron Volt
See eV.
Electron-Gamma Shower
See EGS.
Electronic Bulletin Board System
See BBS.
Electronic Mail
See E-Mail.
ELENA
Extra Low ENergy Antiproton ring. (CERN)
ELETTRA
Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, a national laboratory in Basovizza, Italy.
ELFE
Electron Laboratory For Europe
ELISA
Electron LInear Superconducting Accelerator.
ELM
ELectroMagnetic
ELP
Equipment-specific Lockout Procedure.
ELSA
ELektronen-Stretcher-Anlage (electron stretcher facility). (Germany)
EM
Engineering Model. (FGST)
EM
office of Environmental Management. (DOE)
EM
ElectroMagnetic.
EM
Emission Monitor.
EMACS
Editing MACroS. Written by Richard Stallman at the MIT AI lab, EMACS is a program editor in UNIX with an entire LISP system which features high memory utilization and functions and programs that return values.
EMAG
ElectroMagnet.
E-Mail
Electronic Mail. A network application that allows users to send mail electronically. E-mail systems can be included as a basic piece of a network operating system (with relatively limited functionality) or as full applications (with significantly enhanced functionality) that run on top of the network operating system.
E-Mail Address
A name that identifies an electronic post office box on a network where e-mail can be sent. Different types of networks have different formats for e-mail addresses. On the Internet, all e-mail addresses have the form [name]@[domain name].
EMBL
European Molecular Biology Lab.
EMC
ElectroMagnet Current. A klystron summary display message indicating that the electromagnet current is out of tolerance. (Focusing magnet.)
EMC
European Muon Collaboration (CERN)
EMC
Emergency Management Coordinator.
Emergency (Chemical)
A situation created by an accidental release or spill of hazardous chemicals which poses a threat to the safety of workers, residents, the environment, or property.
Emergency Off (Button)
Large red buttons, located in the beam housings, and used to turn off both beam and electrical hazards (including the VVS's) in an emergency situation.
Emergency Operations Center
See EOC.
EMIS
ElectroMagnetic Isotope Separators
Emission
Pollution discharged into the atmosphere from smokestacks, other vents, and surface areas of commercial or industrial facilities, from residential chimneys, and from motor vehicle, locomotive, or aircraft exhausts.
Emissions Trading
EPA policy that allows a plant complex with several facilities to decrease pollution from some facilities while increasing it from others, so long as total results are equal to or better than previous limits. Facilities where this is done are treated as if they exist in a bubble in which total emissions are averaged out. Complexes that reduce emissions substantially may `bank ‘their `credits' or sell them to other industries.
Emittance
A measure of the quality of a beam with regard to the tightness and uniformity of the momentum of its individual particles. Consider a space where each particle is defined by its position x and its angle x'. Then the emittance is the area of the ellipse enclosing the particles within one sigma (s), defined as above. The emittance (e) is also related to the size of the beam bys = square root eB, where B is the Beta function.
Emma Bump
Used in the LINAC as a local closed Bump for one beam. Four correctors are used to create an oscillation in one beam in order to compensate for a wakefield problem while making a closed bump in the other beam. Can be used anywhere in the machine whenever it is necessary to bump only one beam. (Designed by Paul Emma.)
EMO
Electric Motor Operator.
EMOD
Beam energy in GeV at magnet center from the model, depends on the z location along the LINAC.
EMP
Environmental Management Program. (DOE)
EMPH
Electronic Measurements Power Supply
EMQG
ElectroMagnetic Quantum Gravity
EMR
Extraordinary MagnetoResistive effect.
EMS
Emergency Management System.
EMS
Environmental Management System.
EMS
Environmental Management System.
EMSL
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (DOE)
EMSWG
Environmental Management System Working Group.
EMUL
Emulsions.
EM-X
Electron Microscopy-X (Stanford)
ENC
Electron-nucleon collider
Encrypted
Data or voice information translated into an unreadable form for secure transmission from one point to one or more other points.
Endangered Species
Animals, birds, fish, plants, or other living organisms threatened with extinction by man-made or natural changes in their environment. Requirements for declaring a species endangered are contained in the Endangered Species Act.
Endangerment Assessment
A study conducted to determine the nature and extent of contamination at a site on the National Priorities List and the risks posed to public health or the environment. EPA or the state conduct the study when a legal a ction is to be taken to direct potentially responsible parties to clean up a site or pay for the cleanup. An endangerment assessment supplements a remedial investigation.
End-of-Service-Life Indicator
See ESLI.
ENEA
Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and the Environment.
Energy Spectrometer
See Spectrometer.
ENLD
ENoLoaD. The calculated no-load energy delivered to a DLWG by a klystron. The S-BAND RF energy is integrated for the duration of one pulse. Enoload is used for lemming and modeling.
ENLIGHT
European Network in Light Ion Therapy. ENVIRO
Enoload
See ENLD.
Entanglement
Term introduced to physics by Edwin Schroedinger to describe the intimate bond that is thought to develop between quantum systems that have interacted. (Entanglement theory is the basis of current work in quantum computing.)
Entry Door
A PPS controlled door used for access to a radiation area. It includes a key-bank, a phone, and a video camera, and differs from an Entry Gate (the inner door) which has no key but has microswitches for status indication. With a few exceptions, Entry Doors have two-way communication with MCC, as well as a telephone.
Environment
The sum of all external conditions affecting the life, development, and survival of an organism.
Environment, Safety, and Health
See ES&H.
Environmental Assessment
A written environmental analysis prepared pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act to determine whether a federal action would significantly affect the environment, and thus require preparation of a more detailed environmental impact statement. ENVIRO
Environmental Audit
An independent assessment of the current status of a party's compliance with applicable environmental requirements.
Environmental Fate
The movements and chemical changes experienced by a chemical introduced into the environment.
Environmental Response Team
EPA experts located in Edison, NJ and Cincinnati, OH, who can provide around-the-clock technical assistance to EPA regional offices and states during all types of emergencies involving hazardous waste sites and spills of hazardous substances.
EO
Executive Order.
EOC
Emergency Operations Center. It is located in the conference room next to the Main Control Room.
EOESH
Employee Orientation to Environment, Safety, and Health
EOI
Expressions of Interest.
EOIC
Engineering Operator In Charge (MCC).
EOP
Emergency Operating Procedures.
EORTC
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer.
EoS
Equation of State.
EOS
Equation Of State.
EP
Environmental Protection.
EP
Electro-Polishing. (ILC)
EP
Extraction Procedure.
EP
Toxicity Extraction Procedure Toxicity. A federally-specified test that is designed to identify wastes likely to leach hazardous concentrations of particular toxic constituents into the groundwater as a result of improper management. (from RCRA)
EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA
Equivalent Photon Approximation
EPA Identification Number (Or EPA Number)
The unique number assigned by EPA to each generator, transporter, or TSDF.
EPAC
European Particle Accelerator Conference.
EPAC
Experimental Program Advisory Committee. The SLAC EPAC meets twice a year and reviews experimental proposals and advises the laboratory director.
EPCRA
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-know Act of 1986. Also known as SARA Title 111. (42 U.S.C. Sec. 9601 et seq)
EPCS
Experimental Physics Control Systems (Acronym for European Physical Society Interdivisional Group on same).
EPD
Engineering and Physics Division (LCLS).
EPEAT
Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool.
EPFL
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne)
EPhLAN
ElectroPhysical LAboratory, of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
EPIC
European Photon Imaging Cameras.
EPIC
Electron-Proton/Ion polarized beam Collider
EPICS
Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System. A computer software package developed by the Los Alamos and Argonne research facilities and used at SLAC in PEP II, NLCTA and LCLS.
EPIO
Emergency Public Information Officers.
EPIP
Emergency Preparedness plan Implementing Procedures.
EPO
Emergency Power Off.
EPOG
European Particle physics Outreach Group.
EPP
Elementary Particle Physics OR Experimental Particle Physics
EPP2010
Elementary Particle Physics in the 21st Century. Committee formed as part of the National Academies commission by DOE and NSF to construct a plan for US participation in the global particle physics community. See: http://www7.nationalacademies.org/bpa/EPP2010.html.
EPR
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen.
EPR
Environmental Protection and Restoration, an ES&H Division Department
EPRB
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm
EPRI
Electric Power Research Institute (Palo Alto, CA)
E-print
An electronic manuscript intended for publication but circulated among peers for comment prior to being submitted for publication.
EPROM
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory.
EPS
European Physical Society.
EPS
Encapsulated PostScript.
EPS-AG
European Physical Society - Accelerator Group.
EPU
Elliptically Polarizing Undulator. (LCLS)
EQMC
Extended Quark Meson Coupling
EQSE
Enhanced Quasi-Sparse Eigenvector
EQU
EQUipment.
Equilibrium
In relation to radiation, the state at which the radioactivity of consecutive elements within a radioactive series is neither increasing nor decreasing.
ER
Office of Energy Research.
ER
Employee Relations (SLAC).
ERA-Net
European Research Area Network.
ERAP
Emergency Readiness Assurance Plan.
ERC
European Research Council.
ERG
Employee Resource Group.
ERL
Energy Recovery/Recovering Linac.
ERM
Enterprise Risk Management. (Stanford)
ERMP
Enterprise Risk Management Program.
ERO
Emergency Response Organization. (SLAC)
ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning.
ERT
Emergency Response Team.
ERULF
Energy Research Undergraduate Laboratory Fellowship. (Formerly SISE)
ERWM
Environmental Restoration and Waste Management.
ES&H
Environment, Safety, and Health.
ES&HD
Environment, Safety, and Health Division. A SLAC Division which absorbed the former ESO and Radiation Physics Departments.
ESA
European Space Agency.
ESA
End Station A.
ESA
Endangered Species Act
ESAB
Energy Secretary Advisory Board (DOE).
ESASE
Enhanced Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission.
ESB
Executive Safety Board.
ESB
End Station B.
ESC
Electrical Safety Committee.
ESC
Environmental Service Committee.
ESC
Extended Soft Core.
ESC
End Station C.
ESCO
Energy-Saving COmpany.
ESD
Energy Sciences Directorate (SLAC)
ESD
Event-Summary Data
ESD
Electronics and Software engineering Department (SLAC). Created October, 2000 when former Controls and Power Conversion Departments were combined.
ESE
Equilibrium Self-Energy.
ESF
Exploratory Studies Facility.
ESF
Electronic Structure Factory. (ALS)
ESFRI
European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures.
ESGARD
European Steering Group for Accelerator R&D.
ESH
Environment, Safety and Health Division (SLAC)
ESHAC
Environmental Safety and Health Advisory Committee.
ESI
Electronically Stored Information.
ESLI
End-of-Service-Life Indicator. A colorimetric indicator on an air- purifying respirator which indicates when to discard the purification element.
ESM
Electron Spectro-Microscopy.
ESnet
The network backbone for all DOE Energy Research Programs (High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific Computing and Health and Environmental Research). It replaced the communication facilities used by the existing High Energy Physics network (HEPnet) and the Magnetic Fusion Energy network (MFENET) giving these networks increased bandwidth and connectivity (see also HEPnet and MFENET).
ESO
European Southern Observatory. An European organization for astronomical research.
ESO
Environment and Safety Officer, also Environment and Safety Office. See also ES&H
ESO
Electrical Safety Officer. (SLAC)
ESPP
European Strategy for Particle Physics.
ESR
Experimental Storage Ring. (Darmstadt)
ESR
Electron Spin Resonance.
ESRD
Experimental Systems and Research Department
ESRF
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. (Grenoble, France)
ESS
Energy Summer School.
ESS
European Spallation Source. (Lund, Sweden)
ESS-DIVE
Environmental Systems Science Data Infrastructure for a Virtual Ecosystem (DOE)
ESSM
Extended Supersymmetric Standard Model.
ESTB
End Station Test Beam.
ESTRO
European Society for Therapeutic in Radiology and Oncology.
ESUO
European Synchrotron User Organization.
ESWP
Elevated Surface Work Plan.
ETA
Linear Energy Dispersion (for the Greek letter eta).
ETA
East Turn Around. The positron transport line after the booster where the line turns back west to the beginning of the LINAC (for re-injection).
ETA
Employee Training Assessment.
ETC
Estimate To Complete.
ETC
Extended TechniColor
ETH
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Zurich).
Etherne
t A lower-level network protocol, originally developed by Xerox Corporation, used to communicate between computers in a local network (LAN). Communication takes place by means of modulation of radio frequency signals. On an Ethernet, interface cards share a common cable by listening before transmission and transmitting only during a break in traffic, a technique called a 'carrier-sense multiple access w/collision detection (CSMA/CD)'.
Ethernet 10BaseT
An Ethernet configuration using unshielded twisted pair wire and a small plastic connector (RJ-45) to connect workstations, printers, etc. on an Ethernet.
ETOILE
Espace de Traitement Oncologique par Ions Legers dans le cadre Europeen, a national center for light-ion hadron therapy in France.
ETR
Estimated Time of Repair.
ETS
Engineering and Technical Support.(SLAC)
EuCARD
European Co-ordination for Accelerator Research and Development.
EUDET
European-Union-funded project assembling 31 European institutes and 20 international associates to prepare infrastructures for the ILC.
EUP
Experimental Use Permit. (from FIFRA)
Euro NNAC
European Network for Novel ACcelerators.
European Academic Research Network
See EARN.
EUROTeV
EUROpean design study towards a global TeV linear collider.
EUV
Extreme Ultraviolet
EV
Earned Value.
eV
Electron Volt. A unit of energy equal to the work done by moving an electron across a potential difference of one volt. A measure of particle energy or relativistic mass (when normalized with c-1).
EVLA
Expanded Very Large Array.
EVMS
Earned Value Management System. (DOE certification)
EW
Eye Wash.
EW
ElectroWeak
EWP
Electrical Work Plan.
EWP
ElectroWeak Penguins
EWPT
ElectroWeak Phase Transition.
EWS
Employee Web Site. (Taleo)
EWSB
Electro-Weak Symmetry Breaking.
ExaFEL
Exascale computing for Free Electron Laser
EXAFS
Extended X-ray Absorption-edge Fine Structure.
Exception Report
A report that generators who transport waste off-site must submit if they do not receive a properly completed copy of their manifest within 45 days of the date on which the initial transporter accepted the waste.
excitons
electron-hole pairs
EXE
EXEcutable program image file.
Executable Program Image File
See EXE.
EXELFS
EXtended Electron Fine Structure
Exempt Solvent
Specific organic compounds that are not subject to requirements of regulation because they have been deemed by EPA to be of negligible photochemical reactivity.
Exempted Aquifer
Underground bodies of water defined in the Underground Injection Control program as aquifers that are sources of drinking water (although they are not being used as such) and that are exempted from regulations barring underground injection activities.
Exergy
The useful portion of energy.
EXIST
Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope (proposed).
EXO
Enriched Xenon Observatory.
Experiment
In high energy physics, a research activity that makes use of an accelerator/detector and is individually numbered and named by the relevant national laboratory.
Experiment Schedule
See Operations Schedule.
Experiment String
A series of experiments that are linked together by overlapping research interests and overlapping individual and institutional members of a collaboration.
Expert System
A method and technique for constructing human-machine systems with specialized problem-solving expertise. The pursuit of this area of artificial intelligence research has emphasized the knowledge that underlies human expertise and has simultaneously decreased the apparent significance of domain-independent problem-solving theory. An expert system assists or replaces an expert to solve problems.
Exposure
The amount of radiation or pollutant present in an environment which represents a potential health threat to the living organisms in that environment.
Exterior Gateway Protocol
See EGP.
Extraction Positron 1
See EP01.
Extraction Positron 2
See EP02.
Extraction Procedure Toxicity
See EP Toxicity.
Extremely Hazardous Substances
Any of 406 chemicals identified by EPA on the basis of toxicity, and listed under SARA Title III. The list is subject to revision.
EXTRL
EXTRaction Line.
EYH
Expanding Your Horizons. (NGO)
EYM
Einstein-Yang-Mills
EYMD
Einstein-Yang-Mills dilation

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F

F
Focusing
F Wastes
A federal waste category comprised of wastes from nonspecific sources.
F&A
Finance and Audit committee (BoO)
F&O
Facilities and Operations. (SLAC)
FA
Fire Alarm.
FAA
Federal Aviation Administration.
FAC
Federal Administrative Charge.
FAC
Facilities Office. Merged with Plant Engineering in 2000 and re- named Site Engineering and Maintenance (SEM).
FACET
Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests. (SLAC)
FACP
Fire Alarm Control Panel.
Facsimile
see Fax.
FACTS
Foreign Access Central Tracking System. (DOE)
FADC
Flash Analog-to-Digital Converter.
FAIR
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research.(Germany)
FALC
Funding Agencies for Large Colliders.
FALM
Fire ALarM.
FAN
Facilities Action Notice.
-->
FAQ
Frequently Asked Question. Pronounced as separate letters or as faK, a FAQ is a document that answers questions about some technical topic. Frequently, FAQ's are available electronically, and are formatted as help files or hypertext documents.
FAR
Federal Acquisition Regulation
Faraday Cup
See FARC.
FARC
FARaday Cup. A device designed to stop an accelerated beam and measure the integrated charge. Some are also used to park beams at low rep rates for short periods. FARCs are usually connected to ground through a current measuring device so that the integrated current in the beam may be measured.
FaST
Faculty and Student Teams.
FAST
Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope. (China)
FaST
Faculty and Student Teacher program (DOE)
Fast Fault Finder
Electronic safety interlock system that diagnoses klystron or Marx modulator malfunctions.
Fast Time Plot
See FTP.
FAT
Factory Acceptance Test
Fault Lock Out
See FLK.
Fault Tolerance
The ability of hardware to tolerate the breakdown of any major components, such as CPUs, hard drives and power supplies. Fault tolerance is typically provided by supplying two or more of the same component, with the additional hardware serving on a standby basis. True fault tolerance provides standby hardware that instantaneously takes over for malfunctioning hardware elements in a completely transparent manner with, ideally, absolutely no loss of data and no processing downtime.
Fax
(verb) To send a document via a facsimile machine, which is a device that can send or receive pictures and text over a telephone line. (noun) A document sent or received via a fax machine.
FB
FeedBack.
FB29
A microprocessor dedicated to the steering feedback through the collimators at the end of the LINAC.
FB31
A microprocessor dedicated to the Fast Energy Feedback at the end of the LINAC.
FB69
A Microprocessor controlling IP devices.
FBR
Field Budget Request.
FCAL
Forward liquid argon CALorimeter of the ATLAS detector. (CERN)
FCC
Federal Communications Commission. Federal commission that sets policy and regulates the U.S. communications industry under the authority of the Communications Act of 1934.
FCEB
Federal Civilian Executive Branch
FCEV
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle.
FCM
Field Construction Manager.
FCNC
Flavor Changing Neutral Currents
FCSM
Finance and Supply Chain Management.
FD
Fluorescence Detector (Auger Observatory).
FD
Fire Damper.
FDA
Free Differential Algebra
FDDI
Fiber Distributed Data Interface. A set of ANSI protocols for sending digital data over fiber-optic cable.
FDDI
networks are token-passing networks, and support data rates of up to 100Mbps (100 million bits) per second. FDDI networks are typically used as backbones for wide-area networks.
FDIRC
Focused Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light.
FDTHRU
FeeD THRoUgh.
FDW
Financial Data Warehouse.
Federal Communications Commission.
See FCC.
Federal Telecommunications System
See FTS.
FEE
Front-End Enclosure (LCLS). Also known as XTES (X-ray Transport and Experimental Systems)
FEFF
An automated program for ab initio multiple scattering calculation s of XAFS an XANES spectra for cluster of atoms. (University of Washington).
FEH
Far Experimental Hall. (LCLS)
FEIS
Final Environmental Impact Statement.
FEL
Free-Electron Laser
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency.
FEMP
Federal Energy Management Program.
Femtobarn
10-39 square centimeters (10-15 of a barn).
Femtosecond
One quadrillionth of a second.
FEO
Federal Energy Office.
FEP
Facility Emergency Plan.
FERMI
FERMI gamma-ray space telescope.
FERMI
Free Electron Radiation and Matching Instrumentation
FERMI
Federal Electronic Records Modernization Initiative (NARA)
Fermi solution
A method for generating approximate solutions quickly. Named after Enrico Fermi, who had considerable ability in this area. The method requires that one know a close approximation tithe range into which the computational results should fall.
FERMILAB
See FNAL
FES
Fusion Energy Sciences.
FEWG
Fugitive Emissions Working Group.
FF
Final Focus.
FF
Finding Foil.
FFA
Federal Facility Agreement.
FFAG
Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient accelerators.
FFBK
Fast FeedBacK.
FFD
Fitness For Duty.
FFRDC
Federally Funded Research and Developement Centers.
FFT
Fast Fourier Transform
FFTB
Final Focus Test Beam. (SLAC)
FFZ
Fairlie-Fletcher-Zachos
FGS
Fine Guidance Sensor. (JWST)
FGST
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. (Formerly called GLAST)
FIA
Factory Insurance Association.
FIAT
PHasing, Isolation, Attenuation, and Trigger. (The F is phonetic.) Double-width racks that stand at every klystron/modulator station and hold electronic chassis that relate to the klystron/modulator functionality and protection.
FIB
Focused Ion Beam.
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
See FDDI.
Fiber Optics
A data transmission medium made of tiny threads of glass or plastic that transmit huge amounts of data at the speed of light. The light is normally generated by a light emitting diode(LED) or a laser.
Fiberglass
See FRP.
FICA
Federal Insurance Contributions Act.
FID
Free Interface Diffusion.
Fieldbus
A local area network technology used for the control of sensors and actuators in industrial applications such as data acquisition and control. Normally a Fieldbus network uses transmission media such as twisted-pairs cables. The Fieldbus communication protocol is designed to exchange short command messages among devices such as actuators, sensors, controllers, general-purpose computers and other industrial devices connected on a network. Several proprietary Fieldbus protocols exist, including Foundation Fieldbus, CANbus , BITBUS, WorldFIP, and Profibus.
FIFO
First In First Out. A computer jargon term referring to the order data is transferred, as in a queue.
FIFRA
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. (7 U.S.C. Sec. 136 et seq)
File Transfer Protocol
See FTP.
FIMS
Facilities Information Management System
Final Focus Test Beam
See FFTB.
Final Triplet
The last three quadrupole magnets in the beam line optics of the Final Focus just before the IP.
Finger
A standard protocol specified in RFC 742 which lists who is currently logged in on another host.
FIPS
Federal Information Processing Standards. Developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in accordance with the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) for federal computer systems
FIR
Finite Impulse Response
FIRAS
Far-Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer
Fire P
Fire Point. The lowest temperature at which a mixture of air and vapor continues to burn in an open container when ignited. It is usually above the flash point.
Fire Point
See Fire P.
FIRST
Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimeters.
Fiscal Year
See FY.
FISMA
Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002.
FIT
Fit to previously existing data.
FITS
Flexible Image Transport System. Originally an astronomical image file format, now also used for tabular data.
Fixation
A process whereby waste is made unchangeable and/or stationary.
FJPPL
France-Japan Particle Physics Laboratory.
FJ-PPL
France-Japan Particle Physics international associated Laboratory.
FLAMINGOS
FLoridA Multi-object Imaging Near-infrared Grism Observational Spectrometer.
Flammability Range
For a given substance, that range of percentages from the LEL to the UEL, any of which will ignite if provided an ignition source.
FLASH
Free-electron LASer in Hamburg. (DESY)
Flash P
Flash Point. The lowest temperature at which a liquid will give off enough flammable vapors at or near its surface such that in an intimate mixture with air and a spark or flame, it ignites.
Flash Point
See Flash P.
FLCO
FLoor CleanOut.
FLIC
Fat Link Irrelevant Clover.
Flip Coil
A device for measuring the strength of a magnetic field. It consists of a coil which rotates through the B field of the magnet, inducing a current in the coil which is proportional tithe field and the rotational velocity of the coil. The field strength thus measured may be correlated to a specific beam energy.
Flipper
A phase shifter used to delay an RF phase by 180 degrees as for the FIDO norm beam subharmonic buncher phase.
FLK
Fault Lock Out. A klystron summary display message indicating a modulator fault lockout.
Flow Switch
An interlocked device protecting beam line elements, such as magnets, from a cooling system failure
FLRW
Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker
FLS
First Level Supervisor
FLTSW
FLoaT SWitch.
FLUENCE
FLuid-ENhanced Crystal Engineering.
Fluidized-Bed Incineration
A process whereby wastes are injected into agitated beds of inert granular material and burned. This method is suitable for sludges and liquid waste: solid wastes may need grinding.
FLUKA
A multiparticle transport computer code, developed at INFN and CER N.
FMA
Fisher Matrix Analysis.
FMD
Facilities Management Designee.
FMEA
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
FMECA
Failure Mode, Effects, Criticality Analysis.
FMO
Fire Marshal's Office.
FMPS
Fermilab MultiParticle Spectrometer.
FNAL
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Batavia, IL). Also known as FERMILAB.
FOA
Funding Opportunity Announcement (DOE)
FOC
Facilities Operations Center. Also used for Facilities Operations Control group.
FOCUS
center for the advancement of Frontiers in Optical Coherent Ultrafast Science. (NSF)
Focus Drift Defocus Drift
See FODO.
FODO
FOcus drift DefOcus drift. A beam transport line optional lattice composed of a focusing quadrupole and a defocusing quadrupole separated by equal drift sections.
FOFB
Fast Orbit Feed Back system.
Foils
Refers to the energy spectrum monitors used in the ETA and the WTA. Composed of six bpms strips (there are actually no foils). Also refers to strips on the BSY TUD for measuring energy spectrum.
Folio
The online information resource of the Stanford University libraries. It includes the online catalog, INSPEC, MEDLINE, and other databases.
FONSI
Finding of No Significant Impact (as the result of an environmental impact report)
Footprint
The shape and area of floor space required for a piece of equipment.
FOPT
Fixed Order Perturbation Theory
Form R
Toxic Release Inventory.
FORTRAN
FORmula TRANslator. The oldest high-level programming language, designed by John Backus for IBM in the late 1950's.
Forward Phasing
1. To adjust the RF phase of a particle beam to add energy to the particle bunch. 2. To compensate for wakefields by keeping E Tail greater than E Head.
Four By Six
The section of the PRL near Sector 19. It includes four bends of six degrees each.
FOV
Field-Of-View.
Fox
Phase Shifter The RF phase shifter directly above each LINAC klystron. Designed by A. Gardner Fox, after whom the device is named.
FP7
Seventh Framework Programme (European Union).
FPCD
Final Procurement and Construction Design.
FPD
Federal Project Director.
FPGA
Field Programmable Gate Array.
FPM
see JCC FPM
FPP
Fall Protection Plan.
FPP
Fast Pulse Pickup.
FQDN
Fully Qualified Domain Name. The FQDN is the full site name of a system, rather than just its hostname. For example, the system, lisa, at Widener University has a FQDN of:lisa.cs.widener.edu.
FQH
Fractional Quantum Hall effect
FQHE
Fractional Quantum Hall Effect.
FQXi
Foundational Questions in Physics and Cosmology.
FR
Federal Register.
FRA
Federal Railroad Administration.
FRCP
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
FRED
FOX Ruby Event Display. Graphics client used for event display (GLAST).
FRIB
Facility for Rare Isotope Beams. (Michigan State)
FRMG
FoRMinG.
FRP
Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (fiberglass).
FRS
Functional Requirements Specification.
FRW
Friedmann-Robertson-Walker
FS
Femto-Second.
FS
See Flow Switch.
FSAD
Failure Safety Analysis Document.
FSAD
Final Safety Analysis Document
FSAR
Final Safety Analysis Report.
FSCM
Finance and Supply Chain Management. (SLAC)
FSHC
Faculty Staff Health Center (Stanford).
FSI
Final State Interaction.
FSIM
Financial Services Integration Meeting
FSR
Final State Radiation.
FSRQ
Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasar.
FSUST
Former Solvent Underground Storage Tank.
FSUSY
Fractional SUperSYmmetry
FT
Final Telescope.
FTAM
File Transfer Access Method, ISO standard ISO 8571.
FTDT
Finite-Difference Time-Domain.
FTE
Full Time Equivalent.
FTFT
Finite Temperature Field Theory.
FTIR
Fourier Transform InfraRed
FTM
Facilities Transition Manager
FTMS
Foreign Travel Management System.
FTMS
Federal Test Method Standard.
FTOOLS
NASA-sponsored software used to examine and manipulate the contents of FITS (image and tabular data) files.
FTP
Field Task Proposal.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol. The Internet standard protocol for transferring text and binary files from one computer to another.
FTP
Fast Time Plot. A klystron diagnostic software package that uses a variable sample gate to generate plots of klystron parameters vs. time. COMPUTING
FTPC
Forward Time Projection Chamber
FTR
Federal domestic TRavel per diem.
FTS
Federal Telecommunications System. A US Government network of leased long-distance lines, managed and operated by the General Services Administration to provide long-distance service at a lower cost than commercial service. (defunct)
Fudge Factor
Used by LEM to scale EACT to the desired energy. Makes EACT equal to EMOD at the end of the LINAC. The fudge factor distributes energy errors of unknown source evenly through the LINAC.
Fudge Factor
Any factor added to or multiplied by a theoretically derived equation to make it more closely match the real world. Fudge factors compensate for second and third order effects that are often too cumbersome to include in the theory, or for indeterminate misalignments in the hardware.
Full Duplex
Data transmission in both directions at the same time. See also Half Duplex.
Fully Qualified Domain Name
See FQDN.
Fumes
Smoke-like particles of metals suspended in air.
FUSE
Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer.
FUSRAP
Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (DOE).
FV
Fast acting vacuum Valve. Remotely operated accelerator valve.
FWHM
Full Width at Half Maximum. (Beam focus measure)
FWP
Field Work Proposal.
FWPCA
Federal Water Pollution Control Act (amended by CWA).
FWS
Fast Wire Scanner. Also Fast WSCNR.
FXI
Femtosecond X-ray Imaging.
FY
Fiscal Year. SLAC operates on the Federal Fiscal Year which starts 1 October and ends 30 September. Fiscal years are named for the year in which they end. ex. FY99 = 1 Oct 1998 thru 30Sep 1999.
FZJ
ForschungsZentrum Informatik. (German research center)
FZK
ForschungZentrum Karlsruhe. (a German science and engineering research institution)
FZR
ForschungZentrum Rossendorf, a research institute in Germany.

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G

G
Giga, meaning 10to the 9th power, or billions of . . .(e.g.: gigabits).
G&A
General and Administrative.
G4
GEANT4.
GA
GAuge / GAge.
GAA
General Access Areas
GAAC
German American Academic Council
GAAP
Generally Accepted Accounting Practices.
GaAs
Gallium Arsenide. A compound used in light emitting diodes and very fast semiconductors. It is used in SLC fast clock chips for fiducializing and synchronizing the LINAC with PEP, and is also the basis for cathodes in the polarized guns.
GAC
Granular Activated Carbon.
GADZOOKS
Gadolinium Antineutrino Detector Zealously Outperforming Old Kamiokande Super.
GAINS
Girls Advancing In STEM
Galaxy Zoo
A crowd-sourcing project to allow interested members of the public to classify by type the galaxies imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope.
GALEX
GALaxy Evolution eXplorer/
Gallery
The two-mile-long building where the LINAC klystrons and LINAC magnet power supplies are housed. The actual LINAC beam pipe is approximately 25 feet underground below the gallery.
Gallium Arsenide
See GaAs.
GALPROP
Numerical model of particle propagation in the Galaxy incorporating as much realistic input as possible.
GAM2
IHEP hodoscope Cherenkov gamma calorimeter GAMS-2000.
GAM4
CERN hodoscope Cherenkov gamma calorimeter GAMS-4000.
Gamma
One of the Twiss parameters, which relates alpha and beta: beta gamma = 1 + alpha(exp 2). It is also the relativistic factor used in acceleration calculations.
Gamma Ray
A high energy photon. PHYSICS
Gamma, Electron, and Muon Experiment
See GEM.
GAN
GAlactic Neighborhood.
GAN
Global Accelerator Network (proposed).
GANIL
Gran Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds.
GAO
Government Accountablility Office - US (formerly General Accounting Office).
Gap Monitor
see GAPM.
Gap Voltage
The electrical field between the 2 irises of an RF cavity.
GAPM
GAP Monitor. A break in the conductive beam pipe which is bridged by a ring of ceramic in parallel with a resistance that provides the proper impedance. The beam induces a voltage drop across the resistance, which may be measured and displayed on an oscilloscope. Also called wall current monitor, since it measures the voltage induced by interrupting the current traveling through the beampipe due to the passing of the beam.
GARD
General Accelerator Research and Development.
GASU
Global trigger, Acd interface, and Signal distribution Unit.
GATE
Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission.
Gated Analog to Digital Converter
See GADC.
Gateway
A special-purpose dedicated computer that attaches to two or more networks and routes packets from one network to the other. In particular, an Internet gateway routes IP diagrams among the networks it connects. Gateways route packets to other gateways until they can be delivered to the final destination directly across one physical network.
Gateway to Gateway Protocol
See GGP.
Gauss
A unit of magnetic flux density, symbol G. Named after the mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)
Gaussian
A statistical distribution of particles or objects which is `bell shaped' and can be approximated by the Gauss distribution law. Named after the mathematician Karl Friedrich Gauss(1777-1855).
GB
See Gigabyte.
GBFEL
Ground-Based Free Electron Laser.
GBM
GLAST Burst Monitor experiment. HEP
GBT
Green Bank Telescope (NRAO-West Virginia).
GC/MS
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy.
GCEP
Global Climate and Energy Project. A long-term collaborative effort to conduct fundamental research on a global energy system that would significantly reduce greenhouse emissions.(Stanford)
GCM
Generator Coordinate Method
GCP
General Cascade Program
GCR
Galactic Cosmic Rays
GCT
Galaxies across Cosmic Time.
GD&T
Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing.
GD&T
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing.
GDE
Global Design Effort.(ILC)
GDH
Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn
GDP
General Development Plan.
GDR
Giant Dipole Resonance
GDS
Global Directory Service. For global namespace, which starts from a global root and divides into a hierarchical tree at country, organization, locality, cell, and other points. XDS from X/Open is the general purpose API for standard applications.
GEANT
A pan-European research and education network and the corresponding four-year project set up by a Consortium of 27 National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) across Europe.
GEANT2
Successor to GEANT, see GEANT.
GEANT3
A computer program for detector description and simulation.
GEANT4
GEometry ANd Tracking. Toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter (CERN)
GEM
Graduate Engineering for Minorities.
GEM
Gas-Electron Multiplier.
GEMS
Graduate degrEes for Minorities in Engineering and Sciences. (National consortium)
GEMS
Galaxy Evolution from Morphology and Spectral energy distributions .
General Purpose Interface Bus
See GPIB.
Generator
The person or facility who, by nature or ownership, management, or control, is responsible for causing or allowing to be caused, the creation of hazardous waste.
GENI
GENeral Interface.
GERDA
GERmanium Detector Array. (Italy)
GERT
General Employee Radiological Training.
GES
Geological and Environmental Sciences.(Stanford)
GeV
Giga(billion) electron Volt. An electron volt is the unit of energy equal to the work done by moving an electron across a potential difference of one volt.
GFCI
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter.
GFE
Government-Funded Equipment.
GFP
Government-Furnished Property.
GG1
Global Group 1 (Parameters). (ILC)
GG2
Global Group 2 (Instrumentation and Controls). (ILC)
GG3
Global Group 3 (Operations and Availability). (ILC)
GG4
Global Group 4 (Conventional Facilities and Siting). (ILC)
GG5
Global Group 5 (Cost and Engineering) (ILC)
GG6
Global Group 6 (Options). (ILC)
GGF
Global Grid Forum. A community-initiated forum of individual researchers and practitioners working on distributed computing, or grid technologies. Particle Physics Data Grid (PPDG) is a part of this forum.
GGP
Gateway to Gateway Protocol. The protocol core gateways use to exchange routing information. GGP implements a distributed shortest path routing computation. Under normal circumstances, all GGP participants will reach a steady state in which the routing information at all gateways agrees.
GHG
GreenHouse Gas.
GHP
Geroch-Held-Penrose
GHS
Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger
GHZ
Greenberger-Horne-Zerlinger
GHZ
GigaHertZ. (Written GHZ on drawings, or GHz in text.)
GIC
Gauge Invariant and Covariant
gif
Graphics Interchange Format. Pronounced jiff or giff (hard g). A bit-mapped graphics file format used by the World Wide Web, CompuServe and many BBSs. GIF supports color and various resolutions. It also includes data compression, making it especially effective for scanned photos.
GIFT
Goldstones Instead of Fine Tuning
Giga
see G
Gigabyte
2 to the 30th power (1,073,741,824) bytes. One gigabyte is equal to 1,024 megabytes. Abbreviated G or GB.
GIM
Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani
Girder
A support structure for the Accelerator. In the LINAC most girders are 40 feet long. Note that the SLC component numbering system is referenced to girder numbers.
GIS
Geographic Information System
GISMo
Grid Integration Systems and Mobility
GISO
General Industry Safety Order. (Cal/OSHA)
GITC
General Information Technology Controls
GIXS
Grazing Incidence X-ray Scattering.
GKZ
Gelfand-Kapranov-Zelevinski
GL
General Ledger.
GLAD
Gev Laser Accelerator Developments (Japan).
GLAM
Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials (Stanford).
GLARE
Gemini Lyman-Alpha at Reionization Era.
GLAST
Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope. A large aperture, space-based, gamma-ray detector. Also, an international collaboration involving SLAC, Stanford, NASA, and groups in Japan Italy, France and Sweden. Renamed Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST) in August 2008.
GLC
Global Linear Collider group. (KEK)
GLC
Global Linear Collider.
GLD
Concept detector for the ILC (Global Large Detector).
GLEAM
GLAST Event Analysis Machine.
GLIF
Global Lambda Integrated Facility.
GLIMPSE
Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraorinaire.
Glow discharge
A luminous electrical discharge without sparks through a gas.
Gluino
In models of supersymmetry, the partner of the gluon.
GMO
Gell-Mann-Okubo
GMOR
Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner
GMP
Ground water Monitoring Plan.
GMR
Giant MagnetoResistance.
GMRES
Generalized Minimum RESidual.
GMSB
Gauge Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking
GNAT
Global Network of Astronomical Telescopes.
Go Around Frequency
In a storage ring, the number of circumnavigations of the ring made by any given bunch in one second (expressed in Hertz).
Gold Phase
The phase of a klystron with maximum efficiency (if the bunch is riding near the crest of the RF wave). The gold phase is the phase for the maximum energy transfer.
GOSIP
Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile. A government specification (a collection of protocols referred to as a profile) designed to ensure that communications and networking software used by the government is indeed OSI-compliant when OSI compliance is required.
GOSSIP
Gas On Slimmed SIlicon Pixel.
Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile
See GOSIP.
GP
Guiding Principle (ES&H)
GPCRs
G Protein-Coupled Receptors.
GPD
Generalized Parton Distributions.
GPDF
Generalized Parton Distribution Function.
GPFS
General Parallel File System (Computing)
GPIB
General Purpose Interface Bus. A communication protocol for small computers like PCs or MACs to interface with peripherals, instruments, or other devices. If you want your PC to start your coffee before you wake up in the morning, you will need a GPIB.
GPMP
Ground water Protection Management Program.
GPMPP
Ground water Protection Measurement Program Plan.
GPO
Group Policy Objects (computing). Policies that are defined for each computer or user.
GPP
General Plant Project.
GPR
Gaussian Process Regression.
GPS
Global Positioning of Spin
GPU
Graphics Processing Unit.
GR
Gamma Ray.
GR
General Relativity
GRACE
An automatic scattering amplitude generator that enables theoretic al calculations to match the required high-precision data analyses required by high-energy physics experiments.
Gray
The International System (SI) unit of absorbed dose. One gray is equal to an absorbed dose of 1 Joule per kilogram (100 RADS).
Gray Water
The term given to domestic wastewater composed of wash water from sinks, kitchen sinks, bathroom sinks and tubs, and laundry tubs.
GRB
Gamma-Ray Burst.
GREEN-RF
Generator for REcovering ENergy from RadioFrequency. (A type of klystron)
Grid
see GGF.
GRIDCC
Grid-enabled Remote Instrumentation with Distributed Control and Computation.
GridKA
Grid computing centre KArlsruhe. (Germany)
Gridpix
Detector building block combining the timepix chip with InGrid.
GriPhyN
Grid Physics Network (pronounced griffin). A system for handling vast amounts of physics data. Participants include the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, and two HEP experiments at CERN's LHC.
GRIT
Gamma-Ray Inspection Technology
GROG
General Relativistic Overturn of Gravity.
Gross Alpha Particle Activity
Total activity due to emission of alpha particles. Used as the screening measurement for radioactivity generally due to naturally-occurring radionuclides. Activity is commonly measured in picocuries.
Gross Beta Particle Activity
Total activity due to emission of beta particles. Used as the screening measurement for radioactivity from manufactured radionuclides since the decay products of fission are beta particles and gamma ray emitters. Activity is commonly measured in picocuries.
Ground Water
Water below the land surface in a zone of saturation.
Growler
A small damping ring dipole magnet used to generate an oscillation for tune measurement purposes. When energized, it will excite the beam to oscillate at its natural resonant frequencies.
GRR
Gravitational Radiation Reactions
GRS
Gregory-Rubakov-Sibiryakov
GRT
General Relativity Theory.
GS
Green-Schwarz
GSA
General Services Administration. (US)
GSB
General Services Building. (SLAC)
GSF
Gross Square Feet.
GSFC
Goddard Space Flight Center.
GSH
Graduate Student Handbook. (SLAC)
GSI
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung. (Germany)
GSI
Grid Security Infrastructure.
GSP
Greene Scholars Program
GSS
Government Scientific Source.
GSSC
GLAST Science Support Center.
GTF
Gun Test Facility. A research project at SSRL aimed at developing the high-brightness electron source that will be needed for future linac-based X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) such as SLAC's proposed Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). GTF is a photocathode gun that uses polarized laser light to generate polarized electrons by means of the photoelectric effect on a gallium arsenide cathode.
GTI
Good Time Intervals.
GTL
Gun-To-Linac. (LCLS)
GUC
German University in Cairo.
GUI
Graphical User Interface. Sometimes called windowing systems, GUIs are software interfaces which allow mouse and icon actions in place of typed commands.
GUST
Grand Unified Superstring Theories
GUT
Grand Unified Theories
GVDM
Generalized Vector Dominance Model
GVMD
Generalized Vector Meson Dominance Model.
GW
Ginsparg-Wilson
GWL
Ginsparg-Wilson-Luscher
GWT
Google Web Toolkit.
GZK
Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin.

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H

H
Horizontal.
H II region
A cloud of glowing gas and plasma in which star formation is taking place. Named for the large amount of ionized atomic hydrogen it contains.
H&C
Hoist and Crane.
H&R
Hoisting and Rigging.
HA
Hazard Assessment.
Hacking
The activity of computer enthusiasts who are challenged by the practice of breaking security measures designed to prevent unauthorized access to one or more computer systems. (Hacking which involves criminal activity is called cracking.)
HAD
Hazardous Atmosphere Detector.
Hadron
Generic name for members of the largest family of elementary particles. Hadrons interact strongly with one another, usually produce additional hadrons in collisions at high energy, and are roughly spherical.
HAGGLeS
HST Archive Galaxy-scale Gravitational Lens Survey.
Half Duplex
Data transmission in either direction, but only one direction at a time.
Half-Life
The time required for the elimination of one half a total dose of radiation from the body.
Half-Life
The time required for a pollutant to lose half its effect on the environment. For example, the half-life of DDT in the environment is 15 years, of radium, 1,580 years.
Half-Life
The time required for half of the atoms of a radioactive element to undergo decay.
Halogen
Any of a group of five chemically-related nonmetallic elements that includes bromine, fluorine, chlorine, iodine, and astatine.
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
A group of organic compounds which include one or more atoms of a halogen, e.g., chlorine or bromine, in their molecular structures.
Halon
Bromine-containing compounds with long atmospheric lifetimes whose breakdown in the stratosphere cause depletion of ozone. Halons are used in fire-fighting.
Handshaking
The procedures and standards (protocol) used by two computers or a computer and a peripheral device to establish communication.
HAP
Hazardous Air Pollutant.
HAPD
Hybrid Avalanche Photo Detector.
HAPPEX
Hall A Proton Parity EXperiment, at the US DOE's Jefferson Lab.
HAPS
Hazardous Air PollutantS.
HAPS
High-Availability Power Supplies.
HAR
Hydrogeological Assessment Report. (TPCA)
Hardware Address
The low level address used by a physical network. Each type of network hardware has its own addressing scheme. For example, Ethernet uses 48-bit hardware addresses assigned by the vendor, while proNET-10 uses small integer hardware addresses assigned when a connection to the network is installed.
Hardware Status
See HSTA.
HASC
House Armed Services Committee. (US)
HASYLAB
The synchrotron radiation laboratory at DESY (Germany)
HAWG
Hazard Analysis Working Group.
Hazard
A threat to workers, public, environment, or property.
Hazard Evaluation System and Information Service
See HESIS.
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Air pollutants which are not covered by ambient air quality standards but which, as defined in the Clean Air Act, may reasonably be expected to cause or contribute to irreversible illness or death. Such pollutants include asbestos, beryllium, mercury, benzene, coke oven emissions, radionuclides, and vinyl chloride.
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
See HSWA.
Hazardous Ranking System
The principal screening tool used by EPA to evaluate risks to public health and the environment associated with abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The HRS calculates as core based on the potential of hazardous substances spreading from the site through the air, surface water, or ground water and on other factors such as nearby population. This score is the primary factor in deciding if the site should be on the National Priorities List, and, if so, what ranking it should have compared to other sites on the list.
Hazardous Substance
Any substance named by EPA to be reported if a designated quantity of the substance is spilled in the waters of the United States or if otherwise emitted into the environment.
Hazardous Substance
Any material that poses a threat to human health and/or the environment. Typical hazardous substances are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive, or chemically reactive.
Hazardous Substance Account
See HSA.
Hazardous Waste
By-product of society that can pose a substantial or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly managed. Possesses at least one of four characteristics(ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity), or appears on special EPA lists.
Hazardous Waste Control Account
State fund derived from fees paid by operators of onsite and offsite disposal facilities and used to support the hazardous waste management program of the Department of HealthServices.
Hazards Analysis
The procedures involved in (a) identifying potential sources of release of hazardous materials from fixed facilities or transportation accidents, (b) determining the vulnerability of a geographical area to a release of hazardous materials, and (c) comparing hazards to determine which present greater or lesser risks to a community.
Hazards Identification
Providing information on which facilities have extremely hazardous substances, what those chemicals are, and how much there is at each facility. The process also provides information on how the chemicals are stored and whether they are used at high temperatures.
HAZCOM
HAZard COMmunication. An Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard that requires all employers to instruct their workers on the hazards associated with the chemicals they use.
HAZOP
HAZard and OPerability study.
HAZWOPER
HAZardous Waste OPerations and Emergency Response standard. (OSHA)
HB-0
The bend in the DRIP where the beams returning from the rings get injected back into the LINAC.
HBCPT
Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory
HBCU
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (US).
HBL
High-energy cut-off BL Lac object.
HBT
Hanbury-Brown-Twiss
HBV
Hepatitis B Virus.
HCAL
Hadron barrel CALorimeter.
HCM
Human Capital Management.
HCP
Hazard Communication Program. (SLAC)
HCPBM
Heavily Charged Particles in Biology and Medicine.
HCS
Hazardous Communications Standard. (OSHA)
HCV
Hepatitis C Virus.
HD
Higher Derivative.
HDF
Hubble deep field.
HDF5
Hierarchical Data Format 5.
HDI
How Do I. SLAC Financial and Human Resources gateway.
HDM
Higgs Doublet Model.
HDMS
Heidelberg Dark Matter Search (Gran Sasso)
HDPE
High Density PolyEthylene.
HDSC
Hardware DeSCripter.
HDSCP
HoDoSCoPe.
HDSPC
High Density Spiral Projection Chamber.
HDX
Hybrid Damped structure.
HEAD
High-Energy Astrophysics Division (American Astronomical Society).
Header
The portion of a packet, preceding the actual data, containing source and destination addresses and error-checking fields.
HEASARC
High Energy AStrophysics Science ARChive (Goddard).
Heat Exchanger
A locked radiation area where radioactive cooling water coming back from the slits, collimators and beam dumps is cooled and demineralized. (The heat exchange is with the cooling tower water.) The radiation levels in the heat exchangers are monitored by OHP.
Heavy Metals
Certain metallic elements having a high density and which are generally toxic, e.g., lead, silver, mercury, and arsenic.
HEB
High-Energy Beam.
HEC
High-End Computing
HED
High-Energy Density science (LCLS).
HEDP
High Energy Density Plasma.
HEDS
High-Energy Density Science. (LCLS)
HEDSD
High Energy Density Science Division
HEE
High-Energy Extraction.
HEFT
High Energy Focusing Telescope.
HEGRA
High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy telescope. Five-telescope array built in La Palma by a German-Spanish-Armenian collaboration.
HELEN
High Energy physics Latin-American-European Network.
HELEN
High-Energy Laser Embodying Neodymium. British laser brought to LC LS in 2011.
HELIOS
CERN Super Proton Synchroton detector
Helmholtz Coil
A coil in which the first and last winding are separated by 2r where r is the radius of the winding. Used to produce a uniform solenoid field. Designed by Hermann Helmholtz.
Helmholz Alliance
Network of German laboratories and universities involved in the LHC and the ILC.
HENIT
High-Energy North Injection Transport.
HENP
High Energy and Nuclear Physics.
HEP
High Energy Physics.
HeP E-tool
Hazard Evaluation and Planning Electronic tool. (SLAC ES&H) This tool is an activity-based questionnaire intended for use by non-ESH staff, in particular supervisors, activity planners and UTR s. The tool identifies SLAC required permits and plans based on responses to the questions. May be accessed from the WPC website.
HEPA
High Efficiency Particulate Air.
HEPAP
High Energy Physics Advisory Panel.
HEPC
High Energy Photon Conference.
HEPDATA
Physics databases maintained at Durham/Raleigh.
HEPL
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University. (Formerly, High Energy Physics Laboratory.)
Hepnet
High Energy Physics Network. An international network linking computers of High Energy Physics laboratories.
HEPP
High Energy and Particle Physics, a division of the EPS.
HEPT
HElium Proportional Tubes.
Hertz
See Hz. COMPUTING
HERWIG
Hadron Emission Reactions With Interfering Gluons. A Monte Carlo program.
HESIS
Hazard Evaluation System and Information Service. Sponsored by SDOHS and Cal OSHA. Provides information on chemicals to employers and employees.
HESS
High Energy Stereoscopic System. A next generation system of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes aimed at the study of cosmic gamma rays. (Namibia) Name honors Viktor Hess, who received the 1936 Nobel prize for his discovery of cosmic rays.
HET
Hobby-Eberly Telescope.(McDonald Observatory)
HETC
High Energy Transport Code
HETDEX
Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment.
HEU
Highly Enriched Uranium
Heuristics
In computing and artificial intelligence, common sense rules drawn from experience and used to solve problems.
HF
High Frequency. Allocated band of radio frequencies from 3MHz to 30 MHz.
HFAG
Heavy Flavor Averaging Group.
HFB
Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov
HFBR
High-Flux Beam Reactor (Brookhaven)
HFF
Heavy Fermion Formalism
HFS
HyperFine Structure constant
HGHG
High-Gain Harmonic Generation.
HGO
Haleakala Gamma Ray Observatory.
HGRF
High-Gradient Radio-Frequency.
HGVPU
Horizontal Gap Vertical Polarization Undulator
HHCPT
Heavy Hadron Chiral Perturbation Theory
HHG
High Harmonic Generation
HHLM
High-Heat Load Monochromator (LCLS-II-HE)
HHMI
Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
HHW
Household Hazardous Waste.
HHWR
Heating Hot Water Return.
HHWS
Heating Hot Water Supply.
HIC
Heavy Ions Collision
Hierarchical Routing
Routing that is based on a hierarchical addressing scheme. Most Internet routing is based on a two-level hierarchy in which an Internet address is divided into a network portion and a host portion. Gateways use only the network portion until the datagram reaches a gateway that can deliver it directly. Subnetting introduces additional levels of hierarchical routing.
HIF
Heavy Ion induced Fusion. Also, Heavy Ion Fusion.
Higgs Boson
The last particle of the Standard Model, predicted by Peter Higgs, a Scottish theorist. Discovered at the LHC on July 4, 2012.
Higgsino
SUSY partner of the elusive Higgs boson.
High Energy Equipment Pool
See HEEP.
High Energy Physics
See HEP.
High Energy Physics Network
See Hepnet.
High Frequency
See HF. ENGINEERING
High Voltage Ready
See HVR.
High-Level Radioactive Waste
See HLW.
HILAC
Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator.
HIMAC
Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, Japan. Began operating in 1994.
HIP
A program for symbolic calculation of Feynman diagrams.
HIP
Holding Ion Pump.
Hi-Potting
A troubleshooting technique. The process of increasing a voltage potential to a specified high level, with respect to ground, in order to check for failure or ground fault in a magnet. Used to measure very high resistances, or the voltage at which an insulator will break down.
HIPPI
High Intensity Pulsed Proton Injector (CERN).
HippoDraw
A data visualization program for displaying histograms developed by Paul Kunz (SLAC) and Jeff Gould (Gould Software).
HiRes
High Resolution Fly's Eye, an experiment.
HIT
Heidelberg Ion Therapy centre.
Hitomi
X-ray satellite (Japan). Means 'pupil of the eye.'
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
HIVE
HANNA Immersive Visualization Environment (Stanford)
HJ
Hamilton-Jacobi
HKT
HyperKahler with Torsion
HLA
High-Level (physics) Applications. (LCLS)
HLAM
Horizontal LAMbertson. A septum magnet used to extract the scavenger beam from the LINAC to the positron target. Designed by Glen Lambertson. See Septum.
HLS
Hydrostatic Leveling System.
HLS
Haag-Lopuszanski-Sohnius
HLT
High-Level Trigger.
HLW
High-Level Radioactive Waste. Waste generated in the fuel of a nuclear reactor and found at nuclear reactors or nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. It is a serious threat to anyone who comes near the wastes without shielding.
HM
Hazardous Materials. (DOE)
HMBP
Hazardous Material Business Plan.
HMC
Hybrid Monte Carlo
HMP
Hazardous Materials Program. (DOE)
HMPID
High Momentum Particle Identification Detector (ALICE).
HMSF
Hazardous Materials Storage Facility.
HMTA
Hazardous Materials Transportation Act. (49 U.S.C. Sec. 1801 et seq)
HOA
Hand-Off-Automatic.
HOC
Halogenated Organic Compound.
Hodoscope
A detector, usually used for triggering and based on scintillation counters with very short output pulses, which records the paths of ionizing particles by means of ion counters enclose array. (From the Greek pathviewer)
hohlraum
In inertial confinement fusion reaction experiments, a gold-lined, pencil-eraser-sized chamber that contains the nuclear energy. From the German for 'small hollow.'
HOM
Higher Order Modes.
Hood Capture Efficiency
The emissions from a process which are captured by hood and directed into the control device, expressed as a percent of all emissions.
Horizontal Lambertson
See HLAM.
Host
The current computer being used in a network. Also called a server.
Host Name Resolution
A mechanism with static and dynamic elements for resolving host names into numeric addresses. The Internet Name Server Protocol accesses an Internet Name Server which provides dynamic name-to-number translation (this process is specified in IEN 116). The Domain Name Protocol accesses a Domain name Server which provides dynamic name-to-number translation (this process is specified in RFCs 1033 and 1034). A static local host table can also be accessed for name-to-number translation.
Host Table
An ASCII text file where each line is an entry consisting of one numeric address and one or more names associated with that address. Host tables are used to resolve host names into numeric addresses.
Hostname
The name given to a machine. See also FQDN.
HP
Health Physics.
HP
Health Physicist.
hPa
Hectopascal. 100 Pascals.
HPC
High Performance Computing.
HPD
Hybrid PhotoDiode
HPF
High Performance FORTRAN. An evolving industry standard based on FORTRAN 90 + a FORALL statement + data partition directives that will be available on IBM's POWERparallel Systems like the 9076 SP1.
HPI
Human Performance Improvement.
HPL
High Power Laser
HPLC
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
HPRF
High-Power RF.
HPS
Hutch Protection System.
HPS
Heavy Photon Search. (experiment)
HPSB
High-Performing Sustainable Building.
HPSS
High-Performance Storage Systems.
HPT
Health Physics Technician.
HPTM
High Power Target Module.
HPW
Harvard-Pennsylvania-Wisconsin detector.
HPWR
High PoWeR.
HQ
DOE HeadQuarters (Washington, DC).
HQ
High-field Quadrupole.
HQEFT
Heavy Quark Effective Theory.
HQET
Heavy Quark Effective Theory
HQH
Hybrid Quark Hadron.
HR
Human Resources Department (SLAC).
HRA
High Radiation Area.
HRBP
Human Resource Business Partners. (SLAC)
HRD&S
Human Resources Development and Services. (SLAC)
HRIS
Human Resources Information Systems.
HRMS
Human Resources Management System.
HRS
Hazard Ranking System. (CERCLA)
HRSC
Hoisting and Rigging Safety Committee.
HSA
Hazardous Substance Account. A California state fund derived from fees paid by persons who deposit more than 500 pounds per year of hazardous or extremely hazardous waste to onsite or offsite hazardous waste disposal facilities. This is the primary funding source for the State Superfund program. (CH&SC Sec. 25300 et seq)
HSD
Health and Safety Directive.
HSS
Health, Safety and Security office. (DOE)
HST
Hubble Space Telescope.
HSWA
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments. The 1984 law which amended RCRA and created a federal program for underground tanks.
HTL
Hard Thermal Loop
HTM
Hierarchical Triangular Mesh.
HTML
HyperText Markup Language. The standard language used for creating hypermedia documents within the World Wide Web. It specifies the layout and linking commands present in the hypertext documents themselves.
HTS
High Temperature Superconductivity
HTSC
Hartle-Thorne-Sedrakian-Chubarian
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol. The standard application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. It describes the way that hypertext documents are fetched over the Internet and is most commonly associated with the World Wide Web.
HUE
Historically Under-represented Ethnicities
HUP
Hutch User's Panel. (LCLS)
HV
High Voltage.
HV
Heating and Ventilating unit.
HV
t Hooft-Veltman
HVAC
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning.
HVR
High Voltage Ready. A klystron SDS message indicating that a given klystron is ready for use.
HVTC
High Voltage Terminal Cabinet.
HWA
Health and Welfare Agency (California).
HWCL
Hazardous Waste Control Law. (CH&SC Sec. 25100 et seq)
HWMC
Hazardous Waste and Material Coordinator.
HWSA
Hazardous Waste Storage Area.
HWSY
Hazardous Waste Storage Yard.
HX2
Heat Exchanger 2 (LCLS-II)
HXC
Hard X Corrector.
HXRSS
Hard X-ray Self-Seeding
Hydrocarbons
A large group of organic compounds composed largely of carbon and hydrogen.
Hydrogeology
The geology of ground water, with particular emphasis on the chemistry and movement of water.
Hydrology
The science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water.
HYP
HYPercubic.
Hyperlink
An element in an electronic document that links to another place in the same document, or to an entirely different document. Typically, you click on the hyperlink to follow the link. Hyperlinks are the most essential ingredient of all hypertext systems, including the World Wide Web.
hyperon
A heavy version of a neutron. Hyperons can be made artificially in accelerators, where they are unstable and decay quickly.
Hz
Hertz. The basic unit of frequency measurement that replaced the former unit of cycles per second (cps). One hertz is equal to one cycle per second.

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I

I
The physical symbol that indicates current flow in an electrical circuit.
I/O
Input/Output.
IAA
Inter-Agency Agreement
IAB
Internet Architecture Board. A technical advisory group of the Internet Society, whose responsibilities include overseeing the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Standards process, and publishing and managing Request for Comments (RFCs).
IACT
Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes.
IACT
The actual current in a magnet displayed by the computer at the last update.
IAEA
International Atomic Energy Agency.
IAM
Identity and Access Management.
IARC
International Agency for Research on Cancer.
IAS
Integrated Assessment Schedule.
IAT
Initial Acceptance Testing.
iAT
it's About Time (SLAC Time & Attendance system).
IATA
International Air Transport Association.
IATO
Interim Authority to Operate. (DOE)
IBBH
Intermediate Binary Black Hole
IBFFM
Interacting Boson-Fermion-Fermion Model
IBL
Inserted/Insertable B-layer (ATLAS).
IBM
Interactive Boson Model
IC
Ionization Chamber. A device for detecting ionizing radiation consisting of two high-voltage electrodes in a gas-filled chamber. The current passing between these electrodes through the ionized gas is proportional to the level of radiation causing the ionization. It is often used in beam lines to detect beam loss.
IC
Integrated Circuit.
IC
Incident Commander.
ICAB
Institutional Change Advisory Board.(SLAC)
ICALEPCS
International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics and Control Systems.
ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization.
ICAP
International Computational Accelerator Physics.
ICARUS
Imagining Cosmic and Rare Underground Signals (detector, Gran Sasso, Italy)
ICB
International Collaboration Board (ILC).
ICC
International Code Council.
ICCB
Institutional Change Control Board. (SLAC)
ICD
Instrumentation and Controls Division (Accelerator Directorate)
ICE
Independent Cost Estimate.
ICEC
International Cryogenice Engineering Conference.
IceCube
A neutrino detector / telescope at the South Pole. .
ICEG
International Cryogenic Engineering Conference.
ICET
ILC Cost Estimating Tool.
ICFA
International Committee for Future Accelerators.
ICHEP
International Conference on High Energy Physics.
ICLRT
International Center for Lightning Research and Testing.(FL)
ICM
IntraCluster Media
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol. See PING.
ICP
Institutional Capital Projects. (SLAC)
ICPT
Integrated contractor Purchasing Team. (DOE)
ICR
Institutional Cost Report.
ICRP
International Commission on Radiological Protection.
ICRU
International Commission on Radiation Units and measurements.
ICS
Incident Command System.
ICS
Inverse Compton Scattering
ICSC
International Centre for Scientific Culture.
ICSC
International Committee for Science Communication.
ICSM
Integrated CyberSecurity Management.
ICSU
International Council for Science.
ICUIL
International Committee on Ultra-high Intensity Lasers.
ID
Inner Detector.
IDAG
International Detector Advisory Group. (ILC)
IDE
Integrated Development Environment.
IDEAL
Inclusion, Diversity, Equity & Access to Learning
IDEAS
Initiative to Develop Education through Astronomy and Space science.
IDIQ
Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity (contract).
IDLH
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health. An atmospheric level of a substance which will result in death or irreversible illness to an individual exposed for more than 30 minutes.
iDM
inelastic Dark Matter.
IDP
Individual Development Plan.
IDP
Internal Dosimetry Program.
IDT
Inter-Disciplinary Team.
IE
Invert Elevation (with reference to bottom of pipe).
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
IEPM
Internet End-to-end Performance Monitoring.
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force. One of the task forces of the IAB. The IETF is responsible for solving short-term engineering needs of the Internet.
IEWO
See IWO
IFC
International Fire Code.
IFEFFIT
An interactive program for XAFS analysis. (Matt Newville, CARS, University of Chicago).
IFEL
Inverse Free Electron Laser
IFI
Integrated Facilities and Infrastructure
IFP
Initial Financial Plans. (SLAC)
IFR
Instrument/instrumented Flux Return.
IFSH
Institut fur Friedensfoschung und SicherHeitspolitik (Universitat Hamburg). (Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy).
IFZ
Internet-Free Zone.
IG
Inspector General.
IGBT
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor.
IGCC
Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation.
IGEC
International Gravitational Event Collaboration (US, Italy, CERN, Australia)
IGES
Initial Graphics Exchange Standard.
IGFD
Insulin-like Growth Factor Deficiency.
IGM
Inter-Galactic Medium
Ignitable
Capable of burning or causing a fire.
IGP
Interior Gateway Protocol. The generic term applied to any protocol used to propagate network reachability and routing information within an autonomous system.
IGP
Intra-net Gateway Portal. (SLAC)
IGPE
Institutional General Purpose Equipment.
IGPP
Institutional General Plant Projects. (SLAC)
IGRT
Image Guided RadioTherapy.
IH
Industrial Hygiene.
IHEM
In-House Energy Management.
IHEP
Institute for High Energy Physics (Protvino, Russia)
IHEP
Institute for High Energy Physics (Beijing, PRC)
IIA
Internal Independent Assessment.
IIP
Institutional Improvement Plan. A single initiative umbrella prioritizing actions for implementation with three primary areas of focus: safety, WPC, and performance management.
IIP
Integrated Interagency Pre-application process. (DOE)
IKE
Interactive Klystron Evaluation.
ILC
InterLaboratory Collaboration (for R&D towards TeV-scale Electron-Positron Linear Colliders)
ILC
International Linear Collider.
ILCSC
International Linear Collider Steering Committee (ICFA).
ILCSG
International Linear Collider Steering Group.
ILCTA
International Linear Collider Test Accelerator (FermiLab).
ILC-TRC
International Linear Collider - Technical Review Committee.
ILD
International Large Detector concept (ILC). A combination of the former LDC and GLD detector designs.
ILL
Institut Laue Langevin. (France)
ILM
Integrated Lifecycle Management.
ILT
Instructor-Led Training.
IM&PS
Information Management and Portal Services. (SLAC)
IMAP
Internet Message Access Protocol.
IMCO
Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization.
IMDG
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. (49 CFR)
IMF
Intermediate Mass Fragment
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health level
See IDLH.
IMMO
1 min, 1 max, for operating conditions.
IMO
International Maritime Organization.
IMP
Institute for Modern Physics, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Impoundment
A body of water or sludge confined by a dam, dike, floodgate, or other barrier.
IMPT
Intensity-Modulated Proton Treatment / Therapy.
IMRT
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Treatment.
IMS
Intelligent Motion Systems (Inc.)
IMS
International Monitoring Systems
ImSim
IMage SIMulator. (LSST)
IN2P3
Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France).
Incineration
A treatment technology involving destruction of waste by controlled burning at high temperatures, e.g., burning sludge to remove the water and reduce the remaining residues to a safe, on-burnable ash which can be disposed of safely on land, in some waters, or in underground locations.
Incineration
Burning of certain types of solid, liquid, or gaseous materials.
Incinerator
A furnace for burning wastes under controlled conditions.
INCITE
Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment program (DOE).
INCREASE
INterdisciplinary Consortium for Research and Educational Access in Science and Engineering.
INDU
magnetic INDUction.
Indus-1
Electron storage ring, the first synchrotron radiation source designed and developed in India.
Indus-II
Synchrotron light source at RRCAT. (India)
INEL
Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (now Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL).
Inert
Exhibiting no chemical activity, totally unreactive.
INFN
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (The Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Frascati)
INFN-CNAF
Centro Nazionale per la Ricerca e Sviluppo nelle Tecnologie Informatiche e Telematiche. (the INFN National Center for Telematics and Informatics)
InGrid
An InteGrated micromegas.
Initial Program Load
See IPL.
INL
Idaho National Laboratory. (DOE)
Inorganic Chemicals
A large group of chemicals in which carbon atoms are generally not included, includes oxides, acids, bases, and salts.
INP
Institute of Nuclear Problems, of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
INR
Institute for Nuclear Research, of the Russian academy of sciences in Moscow.
INSPIRE
INvenio plus SPIREs. The next-generation high-energy physics information system. (2008)
INTEGRAL
INTERnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (ESA).
Integrated Services Digital Network
See ISDN.
Interaction Point
See IP.
Interim Status
Allows owners and operators of TSDs that were in existence, or for which construction had commenced, prior to November 19, 1980 to continue to operate without a permit after this date pending final permit issuance. (from RCRA)
Interior Gateway Protocol
See IGP.
International Organization for Standardization
See ISO.
Internet
A decentralized, global network connecting millions of computers worldwide. Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent, and its operators can choose which Internet services to use and which local services to make available to the global Internet community.
Internet Address
A 32-bit address assigned to hosts using TCP/IP.
Internet Number
The dotted-quad address used to specify a certain system. The Internet number for the site, cs.widener.edu, is: 147.31.254.130. A resolver is used to translate between hostnames and Internet addresses.
Interoperate
The ability of multi-vendor computers to work together using a common set of protocols.
Interstitial Monitoring
The continuous surveillance of the space between the walls of an underground storage tank.
INTGR
INTeGRation.
Invar
Alloy prized for its resistance to changing shape with changes in temperature.
Inventory
TSCA inventory of chemicals produced pursuant to Section 8(b) of the Toxic Substances Control Act.
Inverse barn
A barn is a unit of area (10 to the minus 24 centimeters squared) used to measure the chance that something will happen when two particles collide. An inverse barn is the total number of collisions in a given period of time. Also called integrated luminosity.
IO
International Organization.(ITER)
IOC
Instrument Operation Center (GLAST).
Ion Chamber
See IC.
Ion Gauge
See Ionization Gauge.
Ion Pump
A type of vacuum pump in which ionized gas molecules are attracted to a cathode by a high voltage where they remain trapped.
IONC
See IC.
Ionization
Ionization is the process of removing electrons from neutral atoms and thereby producing ions. Because radiation causes ionization, this effect is often used to detect stray beams in particle accelerators and particle detectors.
Ionization Chamber
See IC.
Ionization Gauge
A high-accuracy vacuum gauge consisting of a vacuum tube whose emission current is proportional to the density of residual ions in the volume in which the tube is immersed.
Ionizing Radiation
Radiation of sufficiently high energy to cause ionization of the medium through which it passes. Ionizing radiation can cause extensive damage to biological tissues.
iOS
Apple's mobile operating system. (was iPhone OS)
IP
Internet Protocol. The network layer protocol for the Internet protocol suite.
IP
Inflation Probe.
IP
Interaction Point. The point where two beams collide.
IP
Implementation Planning. (SLAC Office of Compliance)
IP
Ion Pump.
IP / RP
Intellectual Property / Research Partnerships (SLAC).
IP
Datagram The basic unit of information passed across the Internet. An IP datagram is to the Internet as a hardware packet is to a physical network. It contains a source and destination address along with data. Large messages are broken down into a sequence of IP datagrams.
IPAC
Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (Caltech).
IPAC
Intra-Governmental Payment and Collection
IPAM
IP Address Management. (Computing)
IPCMS
Institute of Physics and Chemistry of Strasbourg.
IPLB
Inverse Power Law.
IPM
Integrated Performance Management. (DOE)
IPM
Intensity Position Monitor.
IPM
Ionization Profile Monitor.
IPMC
Intelligent Platform Management Controller.
IPMI
Intelligent Platform Management Interface.
IPMO
Integrated Performance Management Office (SLAC).
IPMU
Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe. Kavli Foundation institute at the University of Tokyo.
IPN
Leibniz-Institut für die Pädagokik der Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik. (The Leibniz Institute for Science Education at the University of Kiel)
IPNS
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Science. (KEK)
IPNS
Intense Pulse Neutron Source (Argonne)
IPP
Institute of Particle Physics (Canada).
IPPP
Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology.(Durham)
IPR
Intellectual Property Rights.
IPR
Interrupt Pending Register.
IPR
Independent Project Review.
IPRP
Intellectual Property and Research Partnerships. (SLAC)
IPRV
The last recorded current that was within tolerance.
iPS
induced Pluripotent Stemcell.
IPT
Integrated Project Team.
IPTC
International Press Telecommunications Council
IPWA
energy-Independent Partial-Wave Analysis
IQHE
Integer Quantum Hall Effect
IR
Interaction Region.
IR
InfraRed
IRAS
InfraRed Astronomical Satellite
IRB
Independent Review Board. (SLAC OCIO)
IRC
Infrastructure Review Committee. (SLAC)
IREN
Intense Resonance Neutron Source.
IRENG
Interaction Region ENGineering design workshop (ILC).
IREP
Interactive RadioEpidemiological Program.
IRFs
Instrument Response Functions. (GLAST)
Iris
The holes on both sides of an accelerator section or RF cavity.
Iris
An aperture in an optical system. Profile monitor cameras have adjustable irises to regulate the light intensity.
iRODS
integrated rule based data management system for the data grid.
IRP
Integrated Resource Plan (WAPA).
IRR
Instrument Readiness Review. (LCLS)
IRTF
Infra-Red Telescope Facility. (Hawaii)
IRTF
Internet Research Task Force. One of the task forces of the IAB. The group responsible for research and development of Internet protocol suite.
IS3C
Integrated and Sustainable SLAC Scientific Computing.
ISA
Industry Standard Architecture.
ISAC
Isotope Separator and ACcelerator
ISC
Integrated Support Center. (DOE)
ISD
Interim Status Document.
ISDC
Instrument Science Operations Center. (GLAST)
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network. An international communication standard for sending voice, video, and data over telephone lines.
ISEMS
Integrated Safety and Environmental Management System.
ISF
Israel Science Foundation.
ISGC
International Symposium on Grid Computing. (Taipei)
ISGW
Isgur-Scora-Grinstein-Wise
ISI
Initial State Interaction
ISIS
Spallation neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK).
ISM
Inter-Stellar Matter.
ISM
Integrated Safety Management (the concept of the process).
ISMS
Integrated Safety Management System (DOE program).
ISO
International Organization for Standardization. Coordinator of the main networking standards that are put into use today.
ISO
International Services Office. (SLAC)
ISO Layer
One of the seven layers of the International Standards Organization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model.
ISOC
Instrument Science Operations Center.(GLAST)
ISOL
Isotope Separator OnLine
Isolated Digital Input Module
See IDIM.
Isolated Digital Output Module
See IDOM.
ISOLDE
On-line radioactive beam source at CERN
ISP
Internet Service Provider.
ISPA
Imaging Silicon Pixel Array
ISR
see CERN ISR
ISR
Initial-State Radiation.
ISS
Inner Shell Spectroscopy.
ISSC
International SKA Steering Committee.
ISSM
Integrated Safeguards and Security Management.
ISSP
Institute for Solid State Physics.
IT
Information Technology
ITAPS
Interoperable Technologies for Advanced Petascale Simulations.
ITAR
International Traffic in Arms Regulations.
ITEP
Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (Moscow)
ITER
International fusion experiment aimed at demonstrating the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy. Project partners are China, the European Union, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea and the United States. (Formerly interpreted as International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor.)
ITF
Injector Test Facility.
ITIL
Information Technology Infrastructure Library.
ITPMO
Information Technology Project Management Office.
ITPO
Innovative Technology Partnership Office.
ITRP
International Technology Recommendation Panel (ICFA).
ITRY
A magnet parameter indicating the maximum allowed number of tries (or attempts) to trim.
ITSC
Information Technology Sub-Council. (SLAC)
ITSR
Imaging Techniques with Synchrotron Radiation. (International work shop)
IUA
ITER Unit of Account.
IUCF
Indiana University Cyclotron Facility.
IUPAP
International Union of Pure and Applied Physics.
IV
Isolation Vacuum valve (slow), manually operated accelerator valve .
IVA
A database polynomial to convert ADC volts to magnet current.
IVBD
A function which converts magnet current to B field units when the magnet is on the way down, or being powered down (derived from magnetic measurements data).
IVBU
A function which converts magnet current to B field units when the magnet is being powered up, or the field is increasing (derived from magnetic measurements data).
IW-BMP
Industrial Wastewater - Best Management Plan.
IWO
Inter-entity Work Order (DOE)
IWP
Israel-Wilson-Perjes
IXAS
International X-ray Absorption Society.
IXO
International X-ray Observatory.

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J

J
See PSI.
JAEA
Japanese Atomic Energy Agency.
JAERI
Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute.
JAI
John Adams Institute for accelerator science. (UK)
JAIDA
Java implementation of AIDA - Abstract Interfaces for Data Analysis.
JAPC
Java API for Parameter Control.
JAS
Java Analysis Studio. Experiment-independent analysis tools for high energy physics data developed at SLAC.
JASON
A US government science advisory group.
Java
An object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems and designed to be small, simple, and portable across platforms and operating systems. It is best known for its applets, dynamic, interactive programs that can run inside a World Wide Web page displayed by a Java-capable browser. The origins of the name 'Java' are explained as: 'It survived the trademark search.'
JavaScript
A scripting language developed by Netscape to enable Web authors to design interactive sites. Although it shares many of the features and structures of the full Java language, it was developed independently. JavaScript can interact with HTML source code, enabling Web authors to add dynamic content to their sites. It is supported by most browsers, although Internet Explorer supports only a subset, which Microsoft calls Jscript.
JAXA
Japan Aerospace eXploration Agency.
JBD
Jordan-Brans-Dicke
JBEI
Joint BioEnergy Institute. (DOE)
JC3
Department of Energy Cyber Joint Syberscruity Coordination Center.
JCAE
Joint Committee on Atomic Energy (Federal/Congressional)
JCC
Joint Committee on Cooperation. Full name: US - USSR Joint Committee on Cooperation and the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy.
JCC FPM
Joint Coordinating Committee for research on Fundamental Properties of Matter (US - USSR)
JCCFPM
see JCC FPM
JCESR
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research.
JCSG
Joint Center for Structural Genomics. (SSRL)
JDEM
Joint Dark Energy Mission (DOE and NASA). Formerly named Supernova /Acceleration Probe (SNAP) Mission.
JEDI
"Juülich Elictric Dipole moment Investigations."
Jefferson Lab
The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport News, VA, Originally named CEBAF: Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility. Renamed in May 1996.
JET
Joint European Torus (in England)
JFET
Junction gate Field-Effect Transistor (also JUGFET)
JGI
Joint Genomic Institute.(DOE)
JHAM
Job Hazard Analysis and Mitigation.
JHF
Japan Hadron Facility
JHP
Japan Hadron Project. Proposed multi-instrument facility to be built at KEK in Tsukuba, Japan. Plans call for a 50 GeV proton synchrotron ring with a diameter of 1500m and a beamcurrent of 10 micro-ampere, a 200 MeV linear accelerator, and a 3 GeV booster ring. Completion was originally anticipated by 2002, at a cost of about $750 million.
JIMB
Joint Initiative for Metrology in Biology (pronounced "Jim Bee")
JINR
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia).
JIRA
Issue tracking and project management software application.
JL
See Jefferson Lab
JLAB
Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
JLC
Japan Linear Collider.
Joint And Several Liability
Under federal and sometimes California law each part that contributed to damages may be held liable for all damages, but each has the right to compel the others to contribute and indemnify.
JON
Judgment Of Need. (DOE)
J-PARC
Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex.
JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group. Pronounced jay-peg. JPG is a lossy compression technique for color images. Although it can reduce files sizes to about 5% of their normal size, some detail is lost in the compression.
JPL
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (CalTech).
JPS
Japanese Physical Society.
JREC
Job Requirement and Exposure Checklist.
JSA
Job Safety Analyses.
JSC
Johnson Spaceflight Center. (NASA)
JSP
Java Server Pages.
JSPA
Japan's equivalent of the US National Science Foundation.
JSPS
Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science.
JWST
James Webb Space Telescope.
Jy
Jansky. Unit used by radio astronomers for the strength (or flux density) of radio sources. Named in honor of Karl Guthe Jansky (1905-1950).

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K

K
Kicker magnet.
K Wastes
A federal waste category comprised of wastes from specific sources.
K3T
K3 - Thurston
KAERI
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute.
KAM
Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser. A theorem stating that oscillatory motions in conservative dynamical systems persist through the addition of small perturbations to the system.
KAM2
KAMIOKANDE-II underground Cherenkov detector (Tokyo, Japan)
KAMI
KAMIOKANDE underground Cherenkov detector (Tokyo, Japan)
KamiokaNDE
Kamioka Nucleon Decay Experiment
KamLAND
Kamioka Liquid-scintillator AntiNeutrino Detector, located in the Kamioka mine in Japan.
KARMEN
Karsruch-Rutherford Medium Energy Neutrino Experiment
KASCADE
KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector.
KAT
Komitee für AstroTeilchenphysik. (Committee for Astroparticle Physics, in Germany)
KB
Kirkpatrick Baez (mirror system).
k-Band
Microwave frequency band extending from 11 GHz to 36 GHz.
Kbps
Kilobits per second.
KDD
Knowledge Discovery in Databases. (Data mining)
KDP
Kemmer-Duffin-Petiau
KDPS
Key Decision PointS
KdV
Korteweg-de Vries
KEDR
The Magnetic Spectrometer Experiment at VEPP-4M (Novosibirsk).
KEK
Koo Energy Ken. The High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan. KEK consists of the Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies and the Institute of Materials StructureScience.
KEK PF LINAC
KEK electron linac (2.5 GeV) for Photon Factory and TRISTAN.
KEK PS
KEK Proton Synchrotron (12 GeV/c Plab).
KEK TRISTAN
KEK Tri Ring Intersecting STorage Accelerators at Nippon, an electron-positron storage ring (60 GeV Ecm).
KEKB
KEK B-factory. See also B Factory.
Kerberos
A network authentication system for use on physically insecure networks, based on the key distribution model presented by Needham and Schroeder. It allows entities communicating over networks to prove their identity to each other while preventing eavesdropping or replay attacks.
Kermit
A communications protocol that can be used to transfer files or for terminal emulation.
KERN ECDS
Surveying and alignment software.
Kernel
The level of an operating system or networking system that contains the system-level commands or all of the functions hidden from the user. In a Unix system, the kernel is a program that contains the device drivers, the memory management routines, the scheduler, and system calls. This program is always running while the system is operating.
Keybank
A chassis that holds eight PPS keys. Keybanks are located outside PPS gates and are used by operators to: A) monitor and control traffic at the gate, and B) preserve the area PPS status(status cannot be changed if the keybank is not complete).
KFTC
Klystron Fast Time plot Condition.
KG
KiloGram.
Kick
Kicker magnet.
Kicker
A pulsed bend magnet used to kick a beam from its normal path at a precisely predetermined time.
KICP
Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics. (U of Chicago)
KIMS
Korea Invisible Mass Search.
KIPAC
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology. (SLAC)
Kirk key
A special type of key made by Brown Bavarian Kirk. Keys are used with keybanks for Personnel Protection System (PPS) purposes, or for Power Supply (PS) interlock.
KIT
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.
KK
Kaluza-Klein Theory
KKW
Keski-vakuri-Kraus-Wilczek.
Klixon
A temperature sensor placed on a magnet to shut down the magnet's power supply when the temperature exceeds a given level. (Klixon is a brand name.)
KLN
Kinoshita-Lee-Nauenberg
KLOE
Experiment conducted at the Frascati National Laboratories (Italy) phi-meson factory DAFNE
KLT
KLystron Temperature. A klystron summary display message indicating that the klystron temperature is out of tolerance.
KLV
KLystron Vacuum. A klystron summary message indicating a fault with the internal klystron vacuum.
KLY
See KMD.
KLY
KLYstron.
Klystron
An electron tube that amplifies microwaves by velocity modulation. A beam of electrons from a hot cathode is passed through a resonant cavity where it is modulated by high frequency radio waves. The electrons are bunched as they pass through a final cavity, where they induce RF with a higher gain. The RF from the klystrons is transmitted by rectangular waveguide to the DLWG of the LINAC.
klystron gallery
The narrow building directly above SLAC's two mile linac. It houses the klystrons which power the linac.
Klystron Phase Requested
See KPHR.
Klystron Reflected Energy
See RE.
KM
Kobayashi-Masakawa.
KM
Knowledge Management.
KMB
Klystron Magnetic Breaker. A klystron Summary Display message indicating a fault with the electromagnet circuit breaker that feeds power to the klystron focusing magnet power supply.
KMC
Klystron Magnet Current.
KMC
A klystron Summary Display indicating a fault with the klystron focusing magnet.
KMD
Klystron and Microwave Department.
KMOD
The normalized (to energy) field strength of a quadrupole. K stands for curvature and MOD for model. The KMOD is loaded from a model configuration or is calculated from BDES and the beam energy.
KMS
Kubo-Martin-Schwinger
KMST
K Minimum Spanning Tree.
KNN
K Nearest Neighbor.
KNO
Koba-Nielsen-Olesen
KOLR
Kolar Gold Field underground detector (India)
Koo Energy Ken
See KEK.
KOSEF
Korean Science and Engineering Foundation.
KP
Kadomtsev-Petviashvili
kPa
kiloPascal. 1,000 Pascals.
KPHR
Klystron PHase Requested. This is the value sent to the Fox Phase Shifter.
KPI
Key Performance Indicator.
KPP
Key Performance Parameters.
KPZ
Knizhnik-Polyakov-Zamolodchikov
KRF
Korean Research Fund.
KSC
Kennedy Space Center.
KTIM
A magnet parameter and database secondary indicating the last time a magnet was successfully standardized. See also Standardization.
KTL
Klystron Test Lab. (SLAC)
KTLO
Keep The Lights On.
kV
kiloVolt.
KVI
Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, located in the Netherlands.
KZ
Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov
KZB
Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov-Bernard

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L

L
Large, Long (abbreviation used in SLAC drawings)
L2SI
LCLS-2 Strategic Initiative or LCLS-II Instruments
L3
Detector at LEP (CERN).
LA
License Application.
LA
Liquid Argon.
LAA
Local Administering Agency. (CH&SC Sec. 25500 et seq)
LAA
Lepton Asymmetry Analyzer.
LABELIT-CCI
Data characterization software for macromolecular crystallography.
LABL
Serial number or other label for a magnet.
LABRADOR
Large Analog Bandwidth Recorder And Digitizer with Ordered Readout .
LAD
License Application Design.
LAER
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate. (from CAA)
LAF
Linac Accelerator Facility. Includes LCLS-SC, FACET, LCLS-Cu linac areas
LAL
Laboratoire de L'Acc'el'rateur Lineare. (Orsay)
LAM
Look At Me! A Handshaking protocol between digital electronic systems.
LAMA
Library Administration and Management Association.
Lambda CDM
Lambda Cold Dark Matter. The leading modern cosmological model.
Lambertson
A type of septum magnet named after Glen Lambertson of LBNL. It is used to extract the beam from the LINAC to the positron target. See also HLAM.
LAMP
LCLS-ASG-Michigan Project for novel science with the LCLS FEL.
LAMPF
Los Alamos Meson/Proton Factory (1460 MeV/c Plab).
LAN
Local Area Network. Any physical network technology that operates at high speed over short distances (up to a few thousand meters).
Land Ban
Informal name for Land Disposal Restricted (LDR).
Landfarming
A treatment technique which involves spreading waste on land and utilizing evaporation and microbial action to degrade the wastes. Used primarily for crude oil wastes. It is not the same as landfilling.
LANL
Los Alamos National Laboratory
LAPP
Laboratoire d'Annency-L GOV
LAR
Large Adaptive Reflectors.
LAr TPC
Liquid Argonne Time Projection Chamber.
Large Power Supply
See LGPS.
Large Scale Collaboration Center
facility for lab-wide support of science and computing staff with completion planned in FY2024 (SLAC)
LARP
LHC Accelerator Research Program. (US)
Larse
A brand name for a general purpose alarm system chassis used at SLAC for monitoring fire alarms.
Laser
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of radiation. A device that uses the principle of amplification of electromagnetic waves by stimulated emission of radiation and operates in the infrared, visible, or ultraviolet region.
Laser Cavity Shutter
See LCS.
Laser Feedback Intensity Control
See LFIC.
Laser Safety Officer
See LSO.
Laser Safety Stopper
See LSS.
LASS
LASer analyzing Station. A B-line apparatus.
LAST
Life, Art, Science, Tech festival
LAT
Large Array Telescope (GLAST --FERMI).
LAT
Local Area Transport.
LATOR
Laser Astrometric Test of Relativity.
Lattice
A repeating pattern of magnets.
Launch Knob
A multiknob using a set of correctors to launch beam in the LTRs, the Rings or other sections of the machine. The knobs are orthogonalized to give independent control of position and angle at a given reference point.
LBL
Low-energy cut-off BL Lac object.
LBL
see LBNL
LBNE
Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment. (FermiLab)
LBNF
Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility.
LBNL
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA. Full name of lab is Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
LC
Liquid Crystal.
LC
Linear Collider.
LCA
Labor Condition Application.
LCA
Laser Controlled Area.
LCB
Lat Communications Board.
LCC
Linear Collider Collaboration. A collaboration between SLAC and KEK to define common parameters for a TeV center-of-mass energy linear collider.
LCCA
Life Cycle Cost Analysis.
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display.
LCD
Linear Collider Detector.
LCDG4
GEANT4-based flexible full-detector simulation program.
LCFI
Linear Collider Flavour Identification Project (ILC).
LCFOA
Linear Collider Forum Of America (ILC).
LCFT
Logarithmic Conformal Field Theory.
LCG
LHC Computing Grid.
LCHb
An experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to study in detail the physics of the 'b' or 'beauty' quark.
LCID
Linac CID.
LCIO
Linear Collider Input/Output.
LClo
Lethal concentration low. The lowest concentration of a substance in air which has been reported to have caused death in humans or animals.
LCLS
Linac Coherent Light Source. A linac-based X-ray free-electron laser at SLAC.
LCLS-II
Linac Coherent Light Source II. next-generation X-ray laser
LCLS-II HE
LCLS-II High Energy upgrade
LCPC
Laboratory Computer Policy Committee
LCS
Laser Compton Scattering.
LCS
Laser Cavity Shutter. A PPS device used to stop the PLS laser whenever the laser room door is opened.
LCSGA
Linear Collider Steering Group of the Americas.
LCSR
Light Cone Sum Rules.
LCTPC
Linear Collider Time Projection Chamber collaboration.
LCUK
Linear Collider collaboration - United Kingdom (ILC).
LCW
Low Conductivity Water. Used for cooling magnets, electrical cables and other devices where normal water could cause a short under high voltage. LCW is manufactured by deionizing 'house' water at a plant on the SLAC site.
LCWS
Linear Collider WorkShop.
LD50
Lethal Dose Fifty. A calculated dose of a substance which is expected to cause the death of 50 percent of an entire defined experimental animal population.
LDA
Local Density Approximation.
LDA
Large Aperture Dipoles.
LDAP
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.
LDC
Large Detector Concept for the ILC.
LDlo
Lethal dose low. The lowest dose of a substance introduced by any route other than inhalation which has been reported to have caused death in humans or animals.
LDMX
Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LCLS-II)
LDR
Land Disposal Restricted (Land Ban).
LDRD
Laboratory Directed Research and Development. A program to direct the Laboratory's scientific research capabilities toward vital and emerging scientific challenges that align with the Laboratory's current mission.
LEA
Local Enforcement Agency (for solid waste in California).
Leachate
A solution of contaminants produced by water flowing through materials such as organic matter, soil, or landfills.
Lead (Pb)
Used extensively at accelerator facilities to shield equipment and personnel from electromagnetic radiation. A heavy metal that is hazardous to health if breathed or swallowed. Its use in gasoline, paints, and plumbing compounds has been sharply restricted or eliminated by federal laws and regulations. See also Heavy Metals.
LEAP
Low Energy Antiproton Physics, a biennial international conference .
LEAPS
League of European Accelerator-based Photon Sources.
LEAR
Low Energy Antiproton Ring (CERN)
LEARN
Listen, Engage, Assess, Respond, Notice (SLAC)
LEB
Low Energy Beam.
LEBT
Low-Energy Beam Transport
LeCosPA
Leung center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics.(Taiwan)
LECT
Liquid Effluent Cooling Tank.
LED
Light Emitting Diode.
LEE
Low Energy Extraction.
LEED
Low Energy Electron Diffraction, a popular surface-imaging technique.
LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (certification from USGBC).
Leed-NC
Leed - New construction.
LEEM
Low-Energy Electron Microscope.
LEET
Large Energy Effective Theory.
LEFF
The effective length of a magnet in meters.
LEI
Low Emittance Injector
LEIR
Low-Energy Ion Ring (CERN), formerly LEAR.
LEL
Lower Explosive Limit or Lower Flammable Limit (LFL). By percentage, the lowest concentration of a substance in air which will ignite. Compare UEL and flammability range.
Lemming
An operator action which consists of adjusting the LINAC quads to the actual energy of the beam using the LEM procedure. The computer ascertains the beam energy at each quadrupole from the phases of the klystrons to that point, and then adjusts the current in each quadrupole for that calculated energy.
LENA
Nonmagnetic lead-glass NaI detector at DORIS.
LENS
A solenoidal focusing magnet.
Lens
Any focusing element.
LEP
Large Electron Positron collider (CERN).
LEPC
Local Emergency Planning Committee. (from EPCRA)
LER
Low Energy Ring in PEP-II, a 3.1 Gev storage ring for positrons.
LESIT
LEistungselektronic, Systemtechnik und InformationsTechnologie.
LESIT
Low Energy South Injection Transport.
LESR
Laser-Electron Storage Ring
LET
Low Energy Theorem
Lethal Concentration Low
See LClo.
Lethal Dose Fifty
See LD50.
Lethal Dose Low
See LDlo.
LEUTL
Low Energy Undulator Test Line (APS-Argonne).
LFD
Light Front Dynamics
LFD
Linac & FEL Division (within the Accelerator Directorate)
LFIC
Laser Feedback Intensity Control. A feedback system designed to compensate for the loss in laser light intensity of the PLS. SLAC
LFL
See LEL.
LFO
Laboratory Financial Operations.
LFTD
Light Front Tamm-Dancoff
LFV
Lepton-Flavor-Violating/Violation.
LGO
Lunar Geoscience Orbiter.
LGT
Lattice Gauge Theories
LH2
Liquid Hydrogen.
LHC
Large Hadron Collider (CERN).
LHCb
Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment. (CERN)
LHT
Liquid Hydrogen Targets.
LHW
Liquid Hazardous Waste.
LI
Abbreviations for Linac.
LIAR
LInear Accelerator Research code. Accelerator structure design software.
LIARP
LInear Accelerator Research code Parallel. Accelerator structure design software.
LIC
Line Item Construction.
Lichtenberg tree
Or Lichtenberg Diagram. See Beam Tree.
LIDAR
LIght Detection And Ranging
LIGO
Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory
LIL
Linac Injecteur de LEP.
LINAC
LINear ACcelerator. A type of particle accelerator in which charged particles are accelerated in a straight line, either by a steady electrical field or by means of radio frequency electric fields. In the latter variety, the passage of the particle is synchronized with the phase of the accelerating field. The SLAC LINAC is a two-mile long accelerator, consisting of cylindrical, disc loaded, copper waveguides placed on concrete girders in a tunnel about 25 feet underground.
LINAC Energy Management
See LEM.
Linear Accelerator
See LINAC.
Linear Charge Detector
See LINQ.
Linear Variable Differential Transformer
See LVDT.
LINQ
Linear Charge Detector, usually a toroid. `Q' is the physical symbol for electrical charge.
Linux
A freely-distributable implementation of UNIX that runs on a number of hardware platforms. It was originally developed by Linus Torvalds.
LION
Long IONization Chamber
Liouville's Theorem
The mathematical support to the notion that the area in phase space (emittance) occupied by accelerated particles is constant.
Liquid Argon Calorimeter
See LAC.
LISA
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
LISP
LISt Processor. A high-level programming language popular for artificial intelligence applications. LISP was developed in the early 1960's by John McCarthy at MIT.
List
Shorthand term for EPA list of violating facilities or list of firms debarred from obtaining government contracts because they violated certain sections of the Clean Air or Clean WaterActs. The list is maintained by the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring.
Listed Waste
Wastes listed as hazardous under RCRA but which have not been subjected to the Toxic Characteristics Listing Process because the dangers they present are considered self-evident.
Little-endian
A format for storage or transmission of binary data in which the least significant byte or bit comes first. See big-endian.
LJE
Liquid Jet End station (LCLS)
LLD
Lower Limit of Detection.
LLL
See LLNL.
LLM
Large Language Model
LLMW
Low Level Mixed Waste.
LLNL
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
LLO
LIGO Livingston Observatory.
LLP
Long-Lead Procurement.
LLR
Lunar Laser Ranging.
LLRF
Low Level Radio Frequency. Also called low level RF. Pertains to controlling the phase and amplitude of RF signals at low power levels, before they are amplified to high power levels.
LLRW
Low-Level Radioactive Waste (ESH)
LLS
Synchrotron Light Laboratory (Spain).
LLW
Low-Level Waste (ESH)
LMA
Large Mixing Angle.
LMC
Large Magellanic Cloud.
LMP
Lightest Messenger Particle.
LMS
Learning Management System. (SLAC)
LN
Liquid Nitrogen (tank).
LN2
Liquid Nitrogen
LNF
Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati. (INFN)
LNLS
Laboratorio Nacional de Luz Sincrotron (Brazil).
LNS INFN
Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Italian laboratory located in Catania.
LNTF
Liquid Noble Test Facility
LNW
Lehmann-Newton-Wu
LO
Leading Order.
LOB
Laboratory Operations Board.
LOC
Level of Concern. (related to EPCRA)
Local Area Network
See LAN.
LODCM
Large Offset Double Crystal Monochrometer. Also referred to as LOM (Large Offset Monochrometer).
LOF
LAT Operations Facility. (GLAST- FERMI)
LOFAR
Low Frequency ARray.
LOI
Letters of Intent. (ILC)
LOIS
Loss Of Interim Status.
LOLA
S-band transverse deflecting structures. Named for creators Greg Loew, Rudy Larsen and Otto Altenmueller.
LOM
Large Offset Monochrometer.
Long Ion Chamber
A BCS type beam line device in use in the FFTB tunnel at SLAC. They are gas filled tubes running parallel to the beam line which are able to detect stray beams using the ionization effect.
Look At Me!
See LAM.
LOPA
Layer Of Protection Analysis.
LOREA
angle-resolved photoemission beamline at ALBA.
LOS
Level Of Service.
LOS
LockOut Stop.
LOS
Laboratory, Office and Shops building (SSRL).
LOSB
Laboratory, Office and Shops Building (SSRL).
Lost Phase
See LST.
LOTO
Lock Out / Tag Out.
Low Conductivity Water
See LCW.
Low RF
See LRF.
Lower Explosive Limit
See LEL.
Lower Flammable Limit
See LEL.
LP
Laboratory Protection, department.
LPA
Large Piwinski Angle.
LPC
Laboratory Policy Council.
LPC
LHC Physics Center.(Fermilab)
LPC
Laser Pulse Chopper.
LPG
Liquified Petroleum Gas.
LPHD
Local Parton Hadron Duality
LPL
Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (University of Arizona).
LPM
Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal
LPR
License Plate Reader.
LPS
Leading Proton Spectrometer
LPS
Lab Partnering Service (DOE)
LPSPL
Low-Power Superconducting Proton Linac.
LQ
Long Quadrupole.
LQCD
Lattice Quantum ChromoDynamics
LR
Long Racetrack.
LRCA
Limited Radiological Control Assistant.
LRDP
Long-Range Development Plan.
LRF
Low RF, A klystron summary display message indicating that the RF power is lower than its normal tolerance setting.
LRIS
Low Resolution Imaging Spectrograph.
LRS
Local Rotational Symmetry
LRSM
Left-Right Symmetric Model.
LS
Level Switch.
LSA
Low Specific Activity.
LSBK
L-Band Sheet Beam Klystron.
LSC
Laser Safety Committee.
LSD
Lenses Structure and Dynamics.
LSE
Laser Stabilization Experiment.
LSF
Load-Sharing Facility. (Computing)
LSH
Level Switch High.
LSI
Large-Scale Integration.
LSL
Level Switch Low.
LSND
Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (Los Alamos).
LSO
Laser Safety Officer. A person who has authority to monitor and enforce the control of laser hazards.
LSP
Lightest Supersymmetric Particle.
LSR
Local Standard of Rest. (Astronomy)
LSRA
Life Science Research Associate.
LSS
Lean Six Sigma (process improvement method).
LSS
Laser Safety System. A system of interlocks around a secured enclosure to protect personnel from laser light.
LSS
Large Scale Structure
LSST
Legacy Survey of Space and Time (formerly Large Synoptic Survey Telescope).
LSSTC
Legacy Survey of Space and Time Corporation (formerly Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Corporation).
LST
LoST Phase. A klystron summary status indicating that the PAD is not able to measure the klystron phase.
LST
Laser Science and Technology division (LCLS)
LSZ
Little String theory.
LTB
Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondy
LTB
Linac-To-Booster
LTD
Low-Temperature Detectors.
LTE
Long-Term Exposure (photography)
LTMR
Low Temperature Materials Research Group (SLAC)
LTR
Low Temperature Materials Research.
LTR
Low Temperature Reservoir.
LTU
Linac-To-Undulator.
Lucretia
A physics toolbox for the simulation of high-performance single-pass electron beam transport systems.
LUFT
Leaking Underground Fuel Tank.
Luminosity
A measure of the number of events per second and per unit cross section at the IP.
LUSI
LCLS Ultrafast Science Instrument Project.
LUST
Leaking Underground Storage Tank.
LUX
Large Underground Xenon dark matter experiment.
LVD
Large Volume Detector (Gran Sasso)
LVDT
Linear Variable Differential Transformer. A device for measuring positions relative to a fixed reference, (e.g., for measuring slit positions).
LVV
Limited Visibility Vehicle.
LWBM
Lab-Wide Budget Model
LWC
Lost Work Cases.
LWFA
Laser WakeField Acceleration
LZ
LUX-ZEPLIN detector. (South Dakota)

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M

M&O
Management and Operations.
M&S
Materials and Supplies.
M13
Messier 13
MA
Magnetic Alloy
MAC
Macintosh computer.
MAC
Machine Advisory Committee. (ILC)
MAC
Moves, Adds, Changes. (Telecommunications)
MAC
Most Attractive Channel
MACHe3
MAtrix of Cells of superfluid 3He.
Machine Protection System
See MPS.
MACHO
MAssive Compact Halo Object, or Massive Astrophysical Compact Halo Object
MACRO
A sequence of keyboard or touch panel operations created and saved to be initiated by one keystroke as an Operator aid. Also, a user- defined abbreviation for one or more lines of code.
MACRO
Monopole, Astrophysics and Cosmic Ray Observatory
MacSamson
A file transfer and terminal emulation program that allows a Macintosh to be used as a terminal for a host computer.
MAD
Multiple wavelength Anomalous Dispersion phasing. A primary means of solving protein structures.
MAD
Methodical Accelerator Design. A data input format for TRANSPORT.
MAGIC
Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescope, on the Canary Island of La Palma. Mail Gateway
A machine that connects to two or more electronic mail systems (especially dissimilar mail systems on two different networks) and transfers mail messages among them. Mailing List
A discussion group, sometimes moderated, whose messages are distributed via e-mail from a central computer which maintains the list of people involved in the discussion.
Main Beam Containment Unit
See MBCU.
Main Control Center
See MCC.
Main Drive Line
See MDL.
Main Manifold Controller
A chassis monitoring the vacuum level of a system.
Majordomo
A free mailing list server that runs under UNIX. When e-mail is addressed to a Majordomo mailing list, it is automatically re-broadcast to everyone on the list. The result is similar to a newsgroup or forum, except that the messages are transmitted as e-mail and are therefore available only to the individuals on the list.
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network. (DOE - SF Bay Area)
Management Information System
See MIS.
Manhist
Program for MANipulating HISTograms. C
Manifest
Form which indicates generator, quantity, type of waste, and disposer of waste for each shipment of hazardous wastes sent to offsite facilities.
MAP
Management Assessment Program. (SLAC)
MAPS
Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor. HEP
Marx Modulator
An electrical circuit designed to generate a high voltage impulse. Named for Edwin Otto Marx, who first described such a circuit in 1924.
Mask
A collimator used to shelter a detector from synchrotron radiation or other low-energy radiation. It is also used to protect detector components from direct hits by an errant beam.
Mass Spectrometer
See Spectrometer.
Master Oscillator
The oscillator generating the RF distributed by the MDL to the whole LINAC. The frequency is 476 MHz (the 6th subharmonic of the 2856 MHz LINAC klystron frequency).
Master Pattern Generator Zero
See MP00.
Master Trigger Generator
See MTG.
Material Safety Data Sheet
See SDS.
MATLAB
A matrix manipulation software package for computation and plotting.
Matrox Board
A hardware interface card, made by the Matrox Corporation, used to drive video display monitors. For example, a scrolling graphic display of both beams showing the energy and current as transmitted to MCC by the Micro FB31 from BPMs reading in a dispersion region in the arcs.
MAX II
Storage ring for electrons at MAX-lab, Lund University, Sweden.
MAX IV
Storage ring facility at MaxLab in Lund, Sweden inaugurated June 2016.
MB
See Megabyte.
MB
Maxwell-Bozmann
MBAM
Microsoft Bitlocker Administration and Monitoring.
MBCU
Main Beam Containment Unit. An interlock chassis at NPI and CID for use by the beam containment system for wide pulse beams.
MBE
Multiple beam experiment
MBE
Molecular Beam Expitaxy PHYSICS
MBH
Massive Black Hole.
MBI
MicroBunching Instability.
MBK
Multi-Beam Klystron.
MBps
MegaBytes per second.
MBR
Molecular Beam Resonance technique.
MBTS
Minimum Bias Trigger Scintillators. (LHC)
MC
Monte Carlo. See Monte Carlo Method.
MC
Mode Converter
MC
Macromolecular Crystallography
MCC
Motor Control Center.
MCC
Merchant Category Code.
MCi
MegaCurie. ENVIRO
MCIC
The Metals and Ceramics Center (Columbus, OH).
MCL
Maximum Contaminant Level.
MCL
Maximum Concentration Level
MCMC
Markov Chain Monte Carlo
MCNP
Monte Carlo simulation package (LANL).
MCP
Major Capital Project.
MCR
Methyl-Coenzyme M Reductase.
MCRG
Monte Carlo Renormalization Group
McT
McCallum-Turner, Inc.
MD
Management Directive.
MD
Mechanical Design. Department (SLAC).
MD
Manual Damper.
MD1
Magnetic detector at VEEP-4, Novosibirsk
MDA
Minimum Detectable Activity.
MDH4
MoDe Hutch 4. Also, MDH5, MoDe Hutch5. Aligns control of stoppers to the hutch taking beam. PHOTON
MDI
Machine Detector Interface.
MDL
Main Drive Line. A temperature-stabilized coaxial cable which carries the 476 MHz master oscillator signal, and a fiducial synchronizing signal used to unify timing of the klystrons in the LINAC and to trigger the PDUs. The length of the MDL is monitored by an interferometer, since changes in its length due to thermal changes will result in klystron phase changes down the LINAC.
MDM
Mobile Device Management.(OCIO)
MDM
Mixed Dark Matter
MDOT
MicroDOT gas chambers
MDP
Markov Decision Process.
MDRP
Millikan DRoP measurement.
MDT
Monitored Drift Tubes.
ME
Mechanical Engineering. Department (SLAC).
ME2
see MEE.
MEA
Medium-Energy Accelerator.
MEC
Mission Executive Council.
MEC
Matter in Extreme Conditions or Material at Extreme Conditions.
Mechanical Design
See MD.
Mechanical Engineering
See ME.
MECi
Matter in Extreme Conditions instrument. (LCLS)
MECL
Motorola Emitter Coupled Logic. An integrated circuit technology used for fast logic boards.
MECO
Muon-to-Electron COnversion.
MED
Mechanical Engineering and Design. (SLAC)
MED
Medical Department.
Medium
The material used to support the transmission of data. This can be copper wire, coaxial cable, optical fiber, or electromagnetic wave (as in microwave).
MEDSI
Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron radiation equipment and Instrumentation.
MEE
Materials in Extreme Environments. (LCLS)
Megabyte
1,048,576 bytes or 1,000 kilobytes, roughly one million bytes or one thousand kilobytes.
Mega-Czar
Term used to designate person within a group who has responsibility for administration of a type of information resource, and who is authorized to appoint other czars within their computing group. See also czar.
Mega-Electron-Volt
See MeV.
Megaflops
One million floating-point operations per second. Abbreviated MFLOPS.
MEIS
Molecular Environmental Interface Science.
Melting Point
See MP.
MEM
Maximum Entropy Method.
Memorandum of Understanding
See MOU.
MEMS
MicroElectroMechanical Systems.
MES
Molecular Environmental Sciences. A discipline which uses synchrotron-based spectroscopic techniques to study environmental problems.
MESH
Microfulidic Electrokinetic Sample Holder.
MESI
Mechanical Engineering Safety Inspection.
MET
METallographic.
MET
Metrology Department (SLAC)
Meta Data
Data about data. In an electronic environment, meta data's basic elements are a structured format and a controlled vocabulary, which together allow for a precise description of a digital entity's content, location, and value.
Meter Relay
A Beam Containment module which looks at a magnet power supply to require that its voltage, as read on the meter, be inside or outside some set points. See also Beam Containment System.
Method 18
An EPA test method which uses gas chromatographic techniques to measure the concentration of individual volatile organic compounds in a gas stream.
Method 24
An EPA reference method to determine density, water content, and total volatile content (water and VOC) of coatings.
Method 25
An EPA reference method to determine the VOC concentration in a gas stream.
METSD
Mechanical Engineering and Technical Support Division.
MeV
Mega-Electron-Volt. 1 Million eV. The LINAC klystrons accelerate the beam approximately 200 MeV per station.
Mev-UED
Mega Electron Volt Ultrafast Electron Diffraction instrument (LCLS)
MEWP
Mobile Elevated Work Platform. Work surface higher than four feet, e.g. scissors lift or articulating boom lift
MEXT
Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan).
MFA
Multi-Factor Authentication.
MFD
Mechanical Fabrication Department.
MFD
Multi-Function Device
MFD
Mechanical Fabrication Department.
MFD
Mechanical Facilities Department.
MFENET
Magnetic Fusion Energy NETwork. It is centered at the Lawrence Livermore Lab.
MFG
ManuFacturinG.
MFM
Magnetic Force Microscopy.
MFT
Managed File Transfer.
MFX
Macromolecular Femtosecond (X)crystallography.
MGC
Microgap Gas Chambers
mgd
Million gallons per day.
MHD
MagnetoHydroDynamics
MHS
Message Handling System. The system of message user agents, message transfer agents, message stores, and access units which together provide OSI electronic mail.
MHz
MegaHertz.
MICADO
A steering algorithm meaning in French `MInimisation des CArres des Distortions d'Orbite' which translates to Minimization of the squares of the orbit distortion. One of several methods used by the orbit correction programs at SLAC.
Microbial Action
Using the action of microbes to destroy or transform compounds.
Micromegas
MICRO-MEsh GASeous detector.
MIE
Major Items of Equipment.
Mie
A scattering spectroscopy used to study changes in the size and index of refraction of spherical and non-spherical particles whose size is within a factor of 10 from the light's wavelength. (SLAC-R -611)
Million Instructions Per Second
See MIPS.
MILNET
MILtary NETwork. Originally part of the ARPANET, MILNET was partitioned in 1984 to make it possible for military installations to have reliable network service, while the ARPANET continued to be used for research.
MIL-SPEC
MILitary SPECifications.
MIME
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. A way to attach any kind of file to an e-mail message. Supersedes uuencoding in newer Unix e-mail systems.
MIN
MINute.
MinSec
Minimum Security requirements (computing)
MIPS
Million Instructions Per Second. Refers to the average number of machine language instructions a computer performs in one second.
MIRAS
Infrared microspectroscopy beamline at ALBA.
MIRI
Mid InfraRed Instrument. (JWST)
MIS
Management Information System. A formal network that extends computer use beyond routine reporting and into the area of management decision-making. Its goal is to provide the correct information to the appropriate manager at the right time.
MIT
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Mitigation
Measures taken to reduce adverse impacts on the environment.
MITOMI
Mechanically Induced Trapping of Molecular Interactions.
MJ
MegaJoule
MKB
MultiKnoB. An operator station knob moving the field, the timing, or the phase of more than one device at the same time.
mKdV
modified Korteweg-de Vries
MKN
Maung-Kahana-Norbury.
ML
Machine Learning
ML
Microwave Lab (Stanford)
MLE
Maximum Likelihood Estimate.
MLEV
Magnetic LEVitation.
MLLA
Modified Leading Log Approximation
MLLW
Mixed Low Level Waste.
MLVR
Medium and Low Voltage Revitalization
MMC
see Main Manifold Controller.
MMF
Magnetic Measurement Facility (B081)
MMGC
Main Manifold Gauge Controller. A special gauge (one per sector) which senses vacuum for an entire sector. In the event of a vacuum leak, the MMGC sends two signals: one to the TIU, which interrupts the beam in the injector and one to the Fast Valve Controllers, whose valves seal and isolate that Sector from the rest of the accelerator.
MMI
Maintenance Management Index.
MMIC
Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit.
MMNTM
MoMeNTuM.
MMS
Missing Mass Spectrometer.
MMX
Matrixed Mfd technicians for X-ray operations.
MNS
Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata.
MOA
Memorandum of Agreement
MOC
Mission Operations Center (GLAST).
MOCVD
Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition.
MOD
MODel.
Modulation
A method used in modems to make data processing signals compatible with communication facilities.
MoEDAL
Monopole and Exotics Detector At the Large hadron collider.
MOJAVE
Monitoring Of Jets in Active galactic nuclei with VLBA Experiments . (US and Europe)
Moller Polarimeter
A device used to detect the degree of polarization of electrons by using a polarized target and the Moller effect.
Moller Scattering
An elastic collision between two electrons.
MOM
Momentum
MoNA
Modular Neutron Array. (NSCL)
MONALISA
MONitoring Agents in a Large Integrated Services Architecture.
MONALISA
MONitoring ALIgnment and Stabilization with high Accuracy. (AFT2 system).
MONARC
Models of Networked Analysis at Regional Centres. LHC computing project.
MOND
MOdified Newtonian Dynamics.
MONO
MONOchromator. (LCLS)
Monte Carlo method
A method of computer simulation that allows scientists to assess probable outcomes of experiments or events. The method employs repeated simulations of an event using actual data, where known, and providing probable values of unknown data. Probable values of unknown data are selected anew for each simulation by a random number generator. Based on the Metropolis Algorithm (1946).
MORSE-CG
Multipurpose neutron and photon transport code.
MORTRAN
A FORTRAN precompiler.
MOS
Metal On Silicon.
MOSG
Maintenance Operations Support Group. A SLAC operational group.
MOSS
Microsoft Office Sharepoint Server 2007.
MOST
Ministry of Sciences & Technology. (China).
MOT
MagnetOptic Trap. A combination of laser cooling using a web of laser beams and magnetic cooling using a web of magnetic fields. The web of laser beams cools atoms by bombarding them from many directions, and the web of magnetic fields induces evaporative cooling by encouraging warmer atoms to depart. Cooler atoms coalesce in the trap to form a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).
Motif
A GUI based on X Windows and distributed by the Open Software Foundation.
Motorola Emitter Coupled Logic
See MECL.
MOU
Memorandum of Understanding. Used by CDHS to formalize agreement between themselves and local programs with regard to enforcement of the HWCL.
MOX
Mixed-Oxide Fuels.
MP
Melting Point. The temperature at which the solid and liquid forms of a substance exist in equilibrium.
Mpc
megaparsec. One million parsecs.
MPDC
Multi-Purpose Data Center.
MPE
Maximum Permissible Exposure.
MPF
Microlensing Planet Finder. (Proposed)
MPG
Master Pattern Generator. See also MP00.
MPGD
Micro-Pattern Gas Detector.
MPIfR
Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie.
MPP
Massively Parallel Processors. For example, IBM's 9076 SP1, Thinking Machines' CM-2, and Intel's Touchstone Gamma computers.
MPPC
Multi-Pixel Photon Counter.
mppcf
Millions of particles per cubic foot of air.
MPRSA
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act. (Federal)
MPS
MultiParticle Spectrometer (BNL).
MPS
Machine Protection System. A system to protect the machine from damage from the beam. It uses ionization chambers, current monitors, temperature detectors, and microswitches on valves and other obstructions to rate-limit or turn off the beam whenever necessary.
MPS2
MultiParticle Spectrometer upgrade (BNL).
MPSF
MultiParticle Spectrometer at Fermilab.
MPWA
Model-dependent Partial-Wave Analysis
MQCD
M theory QCD
mQs
Millicharged particles
MR
Main Ring
MRCOFFEE
Multi-Resolution "Cookiebox" Optimized for the Future of Free-Electron (laser) Experiments
MRD
Monthly Reporting Database. (SLAC)
MRE
Meal, Ready-to-Eat (U.S. Government)
Mrem
Milli Rad Equivalent Man.
MRFM
Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy.
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
MRL
Minimum Reporting Level.
MRS
Monitored Retrievable Storage.
MRS
Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer
MRS
Materials Research Society.
MRS
Metal-Resistive layer-Silicon photodetector
MRST
Martin-Roberts-Stirling-Thorne
MS
Member States (CERN).
MS
Minimal Subtraction
MS
Manual Station. A manually activated fire alarm sensor.
MS
Management Systems
MSAM
Medium Scale Anisotropy Measurement
MSD
Materials Science Division (SSRL)
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet. An industry standard form used for listing and describing hazardous chemicals. Named changed to Safety Data Sheet (SDS).
MSE
Materials Sciences and Engineering Division (DOE)
MSG
Mechanical Services and maintenance Group. (SSRL)
MSGC
MicroStrip Gas Chamber.
MSHA
Mine Safety and Health Administration.
MSI
MicroSoft Installer.
MSIS
Management Systems Improvement Strategy.
MSL
Multilayer Soft Lithography.
MSL
Mars Science Laboratory. (NASA)
MSM
Minimal Standard Model
MSO
Management System Owner.
MSPB
Merit Systems Protection Board.
MSPs
MilliSecond Pulsars.
MSSM
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
MSTR
MicroSTRategy (software).
MSW
Mikheev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein
MT
Magic Tee.
MTA
Message Transfer Agent. An OSI application process used to store and forward messages in the X.400 Message Handling System. Equivalent to an Internet mail agent.
MTB
Materials Transportation Bureau. A subdivision of DOT.
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failures. Average time a device will function before failing.
mTCA
micro Telecommunications Computing Architecture.
MTEU
Master Terminal Expander Unit. A fire alarm chassis from LARSE.
M-Theory
Posits that the strong-coupling behavior of supersymmetric string theories and field theories is governed by a web of dualities relating the different theories. This web is called M for magic, mystery, and / or membrane.
MTL
Main Test Level.
MTTF
Mean Time To Failure.
MTU
Maximum Transmission Unit. The largest possible unit of data that can be sent on a given physical medium. For example, the MTU of Ethernet is 1500 bytes.
MTU
Master Terminal Unit. A fire alarm chassis from LARSE.
MU
Mechanical Utilities.
Mu2e
Muon to electron conversion experiment. (Fermilab)
Multiknob
See MKB.
Multiple Clip
A PPS locking device which allows multiple users to lock a breaker in order to service some piece of equipment. This ensures that no one will energize the breaker while another group is still working on the equipment it powers. All locks on the multiple clip must be removed before the breaker can be energized.
Multiplex
The division of a single transmission medium into multiple logical channels supporting many apparently simultaneous sessions.
Muon
A lepton with the same charge as the electron, but with mass 210 times larger, and a lifetime of 2.2 microseconds. Because muons interact only electromagnetically, they are very penetrating. Shielding the detector from spurious muon radiation requires massive shielding. Muons were discovered in cosmic rays by C. F. Powell at Bristol in 1947.
MUSYC
MUltiwavelength Survey by Yale and Chile.
Mutagenic
Capable of causing changes in the genetic code by altering DNA.
Mutate
To bring about a change in the genetic constitution of a cell by altering its DNA. In turn, `mutagenesis' is any process by which cells are mutated.
MV
McLerran-Venugopalan
MVC
Model View Controller.
MW
MegaWatt
MWA
Management Walk-Around (SLAC)
MWH
MegaWatt-Hours.
MWPC
MultiWire Proportional Chamber.
MWTC
Multiscale Walking TechniColor
MXL
The name of a cerberus pyrotronics control panel. The term is also used at SLAC to designate the fire detection system.
MYRRHA
Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications. ( Planned facility in Belgium)

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N

N&S
Necessary and Sufficient (ES&H).
n. o. s.
Not otherwise specified. (from 49 CFR)
NA
Nucleon area
NA Code
North American Code. (from 49 CFR)
NAA
NonAttainment Area (from CAA). An area whose ambient air levels exceed federal or state standards.
NAAQS
National Ambient Air Quality Standards. (from CAA)
NACA
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.
NACE
National Association of Corrosion Engineers.
NAE
National Academy of Engineering
NAG
Numerical Algorithms Group
NAL
National Accelerator Laboratory (FermiLab). See also FNAL
NALCD
North American Linear Collider Detector
NALTA
North American Large-scale Time-coincidence Array.
NAMASTE
Next generation Atomic, Molecular, and Accelerator Science and Technology Experiments (LCLS)
Named Pipes
A reliable form of interprocess communication in which a direct link is established by a server for a client.
nanoPE
nanoporous PolyEthylene.
NARA
National Archives and Records Administration.
Narrow Pulse Generator
See NPG.
NAS
National Academy of Sciences.
NAS
Network Attached Storage
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASA/GSFC
National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center.
National Environmental Policy Act
See NEPA.
NB
Negative Binomial
NBD
Negative binomial distribution
NC
Neutral Current
NCA
Network Computing Architecture.
NCG
NonCommutative Geometry
NCI
National Cancer Institute.
NCI
Nuclear Control Institute (non-proliferation research), Washington D.C.
NCI
Nuclear Cities Initiative
NCM
NEPA Compliance Manager.
NCOS
NonCommutative Open String theory.
NCP
National Contingency Plan.
NCQFT
Non-Commutatitive Quantum Field Theories.
NCRP
National Council on Radiation Protection.
NCRR
National Center for Research Resources (National Institutes of Health).
NCS
National Communications System.
NCSA
National Center for Supercomputing Applications. A federally-funded organization whose mission is to develop and research high-technology resources for the scientific community.(Illinois).
NCSC
National Computer Security Center.
NCXT
National Center for X-ray Tomography (ALS).
NCYM
NonCommutative Yang-Mills.
ND
NaI detector at VEPP-2M, Novosibirsk.
NDA
Non-Disclosure Agreement.
NDBD
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
NDE
Non-Destructive Examination.
NDIM
Negative Dimensional Integration Method
NDMS
National Disaster Medical System.
NDR
Naive Dimensional Regularization
NDT
Non-Destructive Testing
NE
Nuclear Experiment.
NEA
Near-Earth Asteroid.
NEAC
Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee (DOE) GOV
NEC
National Electrical Code.
NECA
National Electrical Code Association.
NEG
Non-Evaporable Getter (pump).
NEH
Near Experimental Hall. (LCLS) PHOTON
NEHA
National Environmental Health Association. See also CHWS.
NEIC
National Enforcement Investigations Center. A subdivision of EPA.
NEMA
National Electrical Manufacturers Association.
NEO
Near-Earth Objects.
NEO
New Employee Orientation. (SLAC)
Neoparadoxia Repenningi
A member of a small family of large, herbivorous marine mammals that inhabited the northern Pacific coastal region during the Miocene epoch (20 to 10 million years ago). A fossil skeleton was unearthed at SLAC in October 1964, during the excavation for the linear accelerator beam switchyard. Originally called paleoparadoxia, it was reclassified in 2013.
NEPA
National Environmental Policy Act. The 1969 federal act which created the requirement for an Environmental Impact Statement for projects involving federal funding.
NERAC
Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee (DOE). See NEAC.
NERSC
National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center. (DOE)
NESHAP
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants. (from CAA)
NEST
Nuclear Emergency Search Team.
NESTOR
Neutrino Extended Submarine Telescope with Oceanographic Research. (Greece).
NetBEUI
NetBIOS Enhanced User Interface. An interprocess communications standard developed by IBM. NetBEUI provides network interfaces used by a network operating system (which operates at the presentation layer) to access the session layer of the ISO model. As defined by IBM.
NetBIOS
Network Basic Input/Output Subsystem. An interprocess communications standard developed by IBM. NetBIOS provides network interfaces used by a network operating system (which operates at the presentation layer) to access the session layer of the ISO model.
NetBIOS
Enhanced User Interface See NetBEUI.
NETC
National Emergency Training Center.
NETL
National Energy Technology Laboratory. (DOE)
Network
A group of machines connected together so they can transmit information to one another. There are two kinds of networks: local networks and remote networks.
Network Address
1) The physical or hardware address of a network interface card. For Ethernet this 48-bit address might be 0260.8C00.7666. The hardware address is used to forward packets within physical network. 2) The logical or Internet address is used to facilitate moving data between physical networks. The 32-bit Internet address is made up of a network number, a subnetwork number, and a host number. Each host computer on the Internet has a unique address. All Internet addresses at SLAC have a network number of 134.79. All Internet hosts have a numeric address and an English-style name. For example, the Internet address for SLAC's IBM 3480 is 134.79.17.41. Its Internet name is SLAC.Stanford.EDU.
Network Basic Input/Output Subsystem
See NetBIOS.
Network Operating System
See NOS.
NEUL
NEULand large-angle neutrino spectrometer.
NEXAFS
Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure.
nEXO
next-generation Enriched Xenon Observatory.
NFC
Natural Flavor Conserving
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association.
NFPA
No Fixed Point Automorphisms
NFS
Network File System. Protocols developed by Sun Microsystems to allow access to remote files as if they were local. Originally written for Unix but expanded to include PC, MAC and other systems. See also: AFS
NGC
New General Catalog of nebulae and star clusters. (Dreyer, Memoirs of the RAS V49, N.1)
NGLS
Next Generation Light Source. (LBNL)
NGS
Neutrino beam to Gran Sasso
NGST
Next Generation Space Telescope
NGT
Nonsymmetric Gravitational Theory
NHZ
Nominal Hazard Zone.
NIC
The Network Information Center. There are many NICs operated by local, regional, and national networks all over the world. Such centers provide user assistance, document service, and training.
NICADD
Northern Illinois Center for Accelerator and Detector Development.
NICE
Serpukhov nonmagnetic precision spectrometer.
NICER
Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer. (NASA)
NIEHS
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
NIF
National Ignition Facility (LLNL).
NIGMS
NIH Institute for General Medical Sciences.
NIH
National Institutes of Health.
Nikhef
Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge-Energie Fysica (Amsterdam). As of 1998, renamed National Institute for Subatomic Physics (Nikhef is no longer an acronym)
NIM
Normal Incidence Monochromator SSRL
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
NIRCam
Near InfraRed Camera. (JWST)
NIRNS
National Institute for Research in Nuclear Science.
NIRSpec
Near InfraRed Spectrograph. (JWST)
NIS
Network Information System. A database containing the user names, machine names, and directory names that a Network File System uses to track all machines on a network. Formerly called 'Yellow Pages' (yp).
NIS
Network Information Service (Sun). Major components include the ypserv and ypbind daemons started at boot time in the /etc/rc.local script, these daemons handle NIS database communications for both servers and clients.
NIST
National Institute of Standards and Technology.
NISUS
Near-Infrared Scalable Undulator System.
NJL
Nambu-Jona-Lasinio
NLA
Next-to-leading Logarithmic Approximation.
NLCTA
Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator. A SLAC prototype of a short section of the proposed ILC. SLAC
NLDC
National Laboratory Directors' Council.
NLL
Next-to-leading Logarithmic Level
NLLA
Next-to-Leading Logarithmic Approximation
NLO
Next-to-Leading Order
NLS
Nonlinear Schrodinger
NLSP
Next Lightest Supersymmetric Particle
NMC
Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide.
NMC
New Muon Collaboration
NMC
Next Muon Collider
NMI
NSF Middleware Initiative.
NMI
Non-Maskable Interrupt.
NML
New Muon Lab (Fermilab)
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance.
NMS
Network Management Station. The system responsible for managing a portion of a network. The NMS talks to network management agents, which reside in the managed nodes, via a network management protocol.
NMSSM
Next to Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
NNAC
Nonproliferation and National Security Advisory Committee (DOE)
NNI
Nearest Neighbor Interaction
NNLL
Next-to-Next-to-Leading Logarithmic.
NNLO
Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order.
NNMI
National Network for Manufacturing and Innovation.
NNSA
National Nuclear Security Administration. (DOE)
NNSAC
Non-proliferation and National Security Advisory Committee. Also known as NNSA. GOV
NO
NonOscillatory
No Observed Effect Level
See NOEL.
NOA
Notice Of Award. (Stanford)
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOAEL
No Observed Adverse Effect Level.
NOAO
National Optical Astronomical Observatory. (NSF)
Node
Any computer, terminal or peripheral on a network. It is also called a host.
NOEL
No Observed Effect Level. The highest dose in an animal toxicity study for which no effect was observed.
NOI
Notice Of Intent or Inquiry.
Nonattainment Area
See NAA.
Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation
Radiation that does not change the structure of atoms but does heat tissue and may cause harmful biological effects. Sources include laser light, microwaves, radio waves, and low-frequency electromagnetic fields from high-voltage transmission lines.
NOPR
Notice of Public Ruling.
NORM
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material.
NOS
Network Operating System. An operating system specifically designed to manage and control a network or networks and related services.
NOvA
NuMi Off-axis ve (electron neutrino) Appearance experiment.
NOVO VEPP 2M
NOVOsibirsk VEPP-2M electron-positron storage ring (1.4 GeV Ecm).
NOVO VEPP 4
NOVOsibirsk VEPP-4 electron-positron storage ring (14 GeV Ecm).
NP
Noteworthy Practice.
NP
New Physics.
NPACI
National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure.
NPAS
Nuclear Physics At SLAC.
NPDES
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. (from CWA)
NPG
Narrow Pulse Generator. A test module used to simulate beam pulses for diagnostic purposes.
NPRCS
No-Permit-Required Confined Space.
NPS
See NPAS.
NPSS
Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society (IEEE).
NQIAC
National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee
NR
Non-Rotatable (flanges)
NRAO
National Radio Astronomy Laboratory.
NRC
Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
NRC
National Response Center.
NRC
National Research Council, in Washington D.C.
NRDC
Natural Resources Defense Council.
NREL
National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (DOE)
NREN
National Research and Education Network.
NRL
Naval Research Laboratory (US)
NRQCD
NonRelativistic QCD
NRQED
NonRelativistic QED
NRT
National Response Team.
NRTL
Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory.
NRY
North Research Yard.
ns
nanosecond
NS
Neveu-Schwarz
NSA
National Security Agency.
NSAC
Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (DOE)
NSC
Nanoscience Safety Committee. (SLAC)
NSCL
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (Michigan State)
NSF
National Science Foundation.
NSF
National Sanitation Foundation. ENVIRO
NSFNET
The national backbone network, funded by the National Science Foundation and operated by the Merit Corporation, used to interconnect regional networks such as WESTNET to one another.
NSLS
National Synchrotron Light Source (BNL).
NSNS
National Spallation Neutron Source (ORNL).
NSPS
New Source Performance Standards. (from CAA and CWA)
NSR
Neveu-Schwarz-Ramond
NSRC
National Synchrotron Research Centre. (Thailand)
NSRRC
National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (Taiwan).
NSS
Neutron Spallation Source.
NSS
Nuclear Science Symposium.
NSVZ
Novikov-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov.
NT
Windows NT is a 32-bit operating system that supports preemptive multitasking. There are two versions of Windows NT: a network server and a workstation.
NTF
No Trouble Found.
NTF
Neutron Therapy Facility
NTG
Neue Technologien GmbH. (German engineering company)
NTIA
National Telecommunications Information Administration.
NTIS
National Technical Information Service (U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Springfield, VA).
nTOF
neutron Time-Of-Flight facility. (CERN)
NTP
Need To Proceed
NTP
National Toxicology Program. A part of USPHS.
NTP
Network Time Protocol
NTS
Non-compliance Tracking System.
Nu
The Greek letter (n). See TUNE.
Nuclear Instrumentation Methods
See NIM.
Nuclear Physics Injector
See NPI.
NUFO
National Users Facilities Organization.
NuMI
NeUtrinos at the Main Injector. An experiment that fires neutrinos from the Main Injector at FermiLab toward an underground target 730 km (about 430 miles) away in Soudan, Minnesota.
NuPECC
Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee.
NuPNET
Nuclear Physics NETwork.
NuSAG
Neutrino Scientific Assessment Group.
NUST
National University of Sciences and Technology. (Pakistan)
NuSTAR
Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray.
NUSX
Mont Blanc NUSEX underground detector.
NUT
Newman-Unti-Tamburino
NuTeV
NeUtrinos at the TEVatron experiment (FNAL).
NVBL
National Virtual Biotechnology Laboratory (DOE)
NWPA
Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982.
NZE
Near Zero Emittance.

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O

OA
Office of Assurance (SLAC)
OAL
Office of Administrative Law. (California)
OAS
Office of Assessment and Support.
OASIS
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards.
OBE
One Boson Exchange
OBER
See DOE OBER.
OBS
Organization Breakdown Structure.
OCCG
Operations Computing Coordinating Group.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
See OSHA.
OCFO
Office of the Chief Financial Officer.
OCIO
Office of the Chief Information Officer. (SLAC)
OCL
Obligation Control Level.
OCRWM
Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management.
OD
Operations Directorate (SLAC).
Odd Sector Key
A PPS key used to open the door of odd-numbered Sectors of the LINAC (except Sector 19).
ODE
Ordinary Differential Equations
ODH
Oxygen Deficiency Hazards.
ODM
Oxygen Deficiency Monitor.
Odor Threshold
The lowest concentration at which a substance is able to be smelled by a person with normal olfactory capability.
OE
OErsted.
OE&ED
Organization Effectiveness and Employee Development.
OECD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
OECM
Office of Engineering and Construction Management (DOE).
OES
Governor's Office of Emergency Services. (California)
OFE
Office of Fusion Energy.
OFE
Oxygen Free Electrolytic (copper).
OFES
Office of Fusion Energy Sciences.
Offs
The x and y offsets for the center of a magnet in millimeters.
Off-Site Facility
A hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal area that is located at a place away from the generating site.
OFI
Opportunity For Improvement.
OGC
Office of General Counsel. (SLAC)
OGE
One Gluon Exchange Model.
OGLE
Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment.
OGSA
Open Grid Service Architecture, from the Global Grid Forum.
OHEP
Office of High-Energy Physics. (DOE)
OHMTADS
Oil and Hazardous Materials Technical Assistance Data System. A computerized data retrieval system developed by the EPA.
OHP
Operational Health Physics. The group charged with the task of monitoring radiation, TLDs, and preventing radiation accidents.
OIO
Office of Independent Oversight.
OIP
Operations Improvement Project(s).
OIPRP
Office of Intellectual Property and Research Partnerships.
OJT
On-the-Job Training.
OLA
Operational Level Agreement.
OLC
Online Learning Center. (DOE)
OLCF
Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (DOE)
OM
Open Membranes
OMB
Office of Management and Budget.
OMC
Occupational Medicine Clinic.
Omega Space
In probability theory, the entire field of all possibilities in a given experiment is represented by the Greek symbol Omega, and is called `Omega Space.' If you are rolling a pair of dice, for example, the 11 whole numbers from two through twelve are the Omega Space.
OMVPE
OrganoMetallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy.
ONC
Open Network Computing Group (Sun).
One-Shot
An IC used to generate a single output pulse in response to a trigger, as in `one-shot multivibrator.'
ONR
Office of Naval Research (U.S. Dept. of the Navy, Washington DC).
ONS
Okamoto-Nolen-Schiffer.
On-Scene Coordinator
See OSC.
OO
Object-Oriented.
OOA
Object-Oriented Analysis.
OOC
Ordering Operator Calculus.
OOP
Object Oriented Programming.
OOPS
Out Of Plane Spectrometer.(MIT-Bates)
OOPSLA
Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages and Applications.
OOUI
Object Oriented User Interface. OOUIs are object-oriented Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In an OOUI, an object may be a document that knows how to open, print, and shred itself, to be distinguished from a non-object word processor that knows how to open a document. The OS/2 Workplace '91 shell, with its templates for classes of interface objects and containers for windows holding other windows, is an OOUI.
OPA
Optical Parametric Amplifier.
OPA
Office of Project Assessment (SLAC).Office of Planning Assessment (NSF).
OPC
Other Project Costs.
OPCPA
Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification
OPE
One Pion Exchange
OPEN LOOK
A GUI based on X Windows and developed by AT&T. Alternative to Motif.
Open Software Foundation
See OSF.
Open Systems Interconnection
See OSI.
OpenEI.org
Open Energy Information. (DOE)
OpenGATE
A collaboration to improve, validate, document and test GATE software.
OPEP
One Pion Exchange Potential
OPERA
Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus.
Operational Health Physics
See OHP.
Operations Schedule
Long-term schedule of experiments on the accelerator. It is available from The Technical Director's office in the Technical Division. Previously called Experiment Schedule. Also called the Running Schedule, or, the Schedule.
Operator
A member of the SLAC Accelerator Operations Department who operates the accelerator and beam transport systems in order to deliver a beam to a team of experimenters. This function involves tuning to specifications, failure analysis, and PPS procedures.
OPEX
OPerational EXcellence (SLAC)
OPI
Organization of Principal Interest.
OPIM
Other Potentially Infectious Materials.
OPM
Office of Personnel Management.
OPOC
Organizational Point Of Contact.
OPR
OPeRating.
OPR
Owner Project Requirement
OPS
OPerationS. See Operator.
OR
Oak Ridge. See also ORNL.
Oracle
A relational database management system which runs on most mainframe computers and networked microcomputers. Oracle users can use databases on other platforms as if on their own. SLAC has several site licenses for Oracle.
ORAU
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
Orbit
The path of a beam along a transport line. Originated from storage ring terminology.
ORCID
Open Researcher and Contributor ID.
Organic Chemicals
A large group of chemicals in which carbon atoms are key constituents. Other key elements may include sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
ORION
A facility for advanced accelerator research based on the Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA) that is being built at SLAC.
ORM
Other Regulated Material (from 49 CFR).
ORNL
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (TN)
ORO
Oak Ridge Operations Office (DOE).
ORPS
Occurrence Reporting and Processing System. (DOE)
ORR
Operational Readiness Review
OSA
Optical Society of America.
OSC
On-Scene Coordinator. The predesignated EPA, Coast Guard, or Department of Defense official who coordinates and directs Superfund removal actions or Clean Water Act oil- or hazardous-spill corrective actions.
OSC
Operating Safety Committee (SLAC)
OSF
Operations Support Facility (ALMA telescope - Chile).
OSF
An acronym for Open Software Foundation, a consortium consisting of DEC, IBM, HP/Apollo, and other major vendors of Unix hardware. The group was formed in response to the formation of the Unix International compact. Now part of The Open Group.
OSFT
Open String Field Theory.
OSG
Open Science Grid.
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The U.S. Government agency in charge of safety in the workplace. The California State equivalent is CAL/OSHA.
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection. The international standard program to facilitate data communication among computers from different manufacturers. The standard defines seven layers of protocols (Physical layer, Link layer, Network layer, Transport layer, Session layer, Presentation layer and Application layer). Most of the functionality in the OSI model exists in all communication systems, although two or three OSI layers may be incorporated into one.
OSP
Operational Safety Procedure (or Policy).
OSP
Office of Strategic Planning. (SLAC)
OSR
Operational Safety Requirement.
OSR
Office of Sponsored Research. (Stanford)
OSR
Open Science Repository.
OSTP
Office of Science and Technology Policy.
OSU
Off-Site Use.
OSWER
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. A subdivision of EPA.
OTA
Office of Technology Assessment. (Federal)
OTIC
Orient Tantalum Industry Corporation. (Ningxia, China)
OTL
Office of Technology Licensing. (Stanford)
OTQM
Odd Truncated Quadrupole-Phonon Model
OTR
Optical Transition Radiation.
OTT
Office of Technology Transitions (DOE).
OU
Organizational Unit. (SLAC)
OUO
Official Use Only. Designation of unclassified information that may be exempt from public release
OZI
Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka

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P

P
Private (computer drive designation).
P Wastes
A federal waste list comprised of substances categorized as acutely hazardous.
P&T
Parking and Transportation or Packaging and Transportation.
P(S)
synchrotron light monitor.
P2/E2 Plan
Pollution Prevention and Energy Efficiency Plan.
P5
Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel.
PA
Preliminary Assessment.
Pa
Pascal. A unit of pressure.
PA
Project & Activity code. (SLAC)
PAAA
Price-Anderson Amendments Act.
PAB
Physics & Astrophysics Building (Stanford).
PAC
Perturbed Angular Correlation
PAC
Particle Accelerator Conference.
PAC
Physics / Project Advisory Committee.
PAC
Phase and Amplitude Controller.
Packet
The unit of data sent across a packet switching network. The term is used loosely defined. While some Internet literature uses it to refer specifically to data sent across a physical network, other literature views the Internet as a packet switching network and describes IP datagrams as packets.
Packet Internet Groper
See PING.
PACM
Potential Asbestos Containing Material.
PACT
Projects for the Acceleration and Commercialization (DOE)
PAEC
Pakistan's Atomic Energy Commission.
PAESMEM
Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring.
PAFD
Palo Alto Fire Department.
PAH
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
Pair Production
The creation of an electron and a positron from a high energy photon in a strong electric field such as that surrounding a nucleus. This process is used to create positrons at the positron target.
PAL
Pohang Accelerator Laboratory.(Korea)
Paleoparadoxia
See Neoparadoxia Repenningi entry
PAMELA
Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics.
PAMM
Planned Accessible Machine Maintenance or Planned Access for Maintenance and Modifications. (LCLS)
PANDA
Proton ANtiproton annihilation DArmstadt.
PANIC
Particles And Nuclei International Conference.
Panic Circuit
Part of the linac PPS system that consists of EMERGENCY OFF buttons that will trip off all the VVSs in the LINAC when depressed.
Panofsky Long Ion Chamber
See PLIC.
PAO
Proposal Advancement Office.
PAP
Performance Assurance Plan (GLAST).
PAP
Personnel Access Platform (GLAST).
PAPR
Powered Air-Purifying Respirator.
PARC
Xerox Corporation's Palo Alto Research Center
PARMELA
Phase And Radial Motion in Electron LinAcs. An accelerator simulation program for electron linacs. (CERN) See also PARMILA.
PARMELLA
Phase And Radial Motion in ELectron Linear Accelerators. A modeling and design program for transport line optics that incorporates beam bunching.
PARMILA
Phase And Radial Motion In LinAcs. An accelerator simulation program for linacs. (CERN) See also PARMELA.
PARS
Project Assessment and Reporting System. (DOE)
PARS-II
Project assessment and Reporting System.
PASAG
Particle Astrophysics Scientific Assessment Group.
PASCOS
PArticles, Strings and COSmology (Symposium).
PASHA
Package for Automated Snoop Hardware Analysis.
Pattern Receiver Interrupt Multiplexer
See PRIM.
PAW
Physics Analysis Workstation. A computer program available from CERN, PAW is an interactive utility for visualizing experimental data in a computer graphical display.
PAWS
Parallel Assessment Window System.
PAX
Polarized Antiproton eXperiment.
PB
Performance Baseline
PB
Pep Beamline. (SSRL)
PBGS
Partial Breaking of Global Supersymmetry
PBH
Primordial Black Holes
PBRT
Proton Beam Radio-Therapy.
PBWA
Plasma Beat Wave (laser) Acceleration
PBX
Private Branch eXchange. A private telephone network used within an enterprise. PBX users share a certain number of outside lines for making telephone calls external to the private network.
pc
Parsec. An astronomical unit of measurement equivalent to 3.26 light years' distance, calculated using the PARallax of 1 arc SECond .
PC
Personal Computer.
PC
Protection Collimator.
PCAC
Partially Conserved Axial vector Current
PCAST
President's Council of Advisers on Science and Technology.
PCB
PolyChlorinated Biphenyl. A group of toxic, persistent chemicals used in transformers and capacitors for insulating purposes and in gas pipeline systems as a lubricant. Further sale or new use was banned by law in 1979.
PCB
Printed Circuit Board.
PCD
Power Conversion Department. Engineers, maintains and installs cables for modulators, subboosters and all power supplies from the injector through the Research Area.
PCDS
Photon Controls and Data Systems.
PCE
PerChloroEthylene. (aka tetrachloroethylene, or `perc'.)
PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCI
Phase Contrast Imaging.
PCM
Programmable Control Module.
PCMCIA
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This group of manufacturers created the new PCMCIA industry standard adapter. It looks like a credit card and is mounted by pushing it into an external computer slot, similar to an ATM.
PCMS
Project Controls Management System. (FGST)
PCON
Phase CONfiguration. The phase of a klystron taken from a model or a saved configuration.
PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction.
PCR
Project Closure Review
PCT
Parity Charge conjugation and Time reversal.
PCW
Process Cooling Water.
PD
Project Director.
PDB
Protein Data Bank.
PDE
Partial Differential Equations.
PDES
Phase DESired for a klystron.
PDF
Parton Distribution Function or Pair-Distribution Function.
PDF
Portable Document Format.
PDF
Powder Diffraction File.
PDG
Particle Data Group. The PDG is an international collaboration with affiliations at LBNL, CERN, KEK, INFN, IHEP, SLAC and elsewhere. The PDG reviews the field of particle physics and compiles and analyzes data on particle properties.
PDM
Project or Product Data Management.
PDR
Preliminary Design Review.
PDS
Pole Divergent Subtraction
PDS
Power Density Spectrum.
PE
Plant Engineering. A SLAC organizational group merged under Facilities and renamed the Site Engineering and Maintenance Office (SEM).
PE/BI
Plans Examiner/Building Inspector.
PEA
Personnel Exclusion Area.
PEC
PhotoElectroChemical.
PED
Project Engineering and Design.
PED
Plant Engineering Department.
PEEM
PhotoElEctron Microscopy.
PEG
Polarized Electron Gun. A CID injector gun used to generate a polarized electron beam.
PEL
Permissible Exposure Limit. Maximum exposure levels for workplace chemicals as determined by OSHA.
PEL
Physical ELectronics. Renamed Surface and Materials Science in 2005.
PEMP
Performance Evaluation and Measurement Plan. (DOE)
Pencil Beam
A beam with low energy spread and low emittance: usually tightly collimated by one or more adjustable collimators.
Penetration
The flow of a hazardous chemical through zippers, stitched seams, pinholes, or other imperfections in protective clothing material.
penguin
A type of Feynman diagram describing the weak decay of a quark through an intermediate quark - weak boson loop, in which a gluon (or Z or photon) couples to the quarks in the loop, and then decays to a quark - anti-quark pair.
PENULT
PENULTimate.
PEO
Plant Engineering Operations. (SLAC)
PEP
Project Execution Plan.
PEP-N
Upgrade to PEP-II (proposed).
PEP-X
Synchrotron storage ring project at SLAC utilizing PEP-II. (Proposed)
PER
PERsonnel Department.
PERDPM
PERioDic Permanent Magnet.
Periodic Permanent Magnet Klystron
An advanced generation klystron developed at SLAC, and planned to provide microwave power for the NLC.
Perl
Practical Extraction and Report Language. An interpretive programming language developed by Larry Wall. Because of its strong text-processing abilities, Perl has become one of the most popular languages for writing CGI scripts.
Permeation
An invisible process by which a hazardous chemical moves through a protective clothing material.
Permissible Exposure Limit
See PEL.
Permissive
A pattern gate used to allow the gun to pulse when a set of interlocks is complete. The BCS and some MPS systems remove the permissive in response to interlock trips. Operators also have control of the permissive. This is a `fail-safe' method of killing the beam, in that the gun can only pulse when the permissive gate is present.
Permit
An authorization, license, or equivalent control document issued by EPA or an approved state agency to implement the requirements of an environmental regulation, e.g., a permit to operate a wastewater treatment plant or to operate a facility that may generate harmful emissions.
Persistence
The property of a chemical whereby it tends to remain in the environment in its original molecular form.
Personnel Protection System
See PPS.
PERT
Program/project Evaluation and Review Technique.
PERT
Procurement Evaluation Review Team
PET
Positron Emission Tomography.
PETE
Photon-Enhanced Thermionic Emission.
PETRA
See DESY PETRA
PETS
Power Extraction and Transfer Structure. (CLIC)
PEVATRON
Accelerator of cosmic rays with energies of several PeV.
PF
Photon Factory
PF
Protection Factor. That number which when multiplied by the TLV of a substance yields the maximum permissible concentration in which the respirator in question may be used. Protection factors are assigned to classes of respirators.
PFA
Particle Flow Algorithms.
PFIAB
President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board.
PFMON
ProFile MONitor.
PFN
Pulse Forming Network.
PG&E
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
PGB
Pseudo-Goldstone Boson
PGM
Plane Grating Monochromator.
P-Gun or PGUN
Polarized gun. See also PLS.
pH
A measure of corrosivity on a scale from O to 14, with 7 being neutral, acidity increasing toward O and alkalinity increasing toward 14.
Phase Acceptance
See Acceptance.
Phase Advance
The phase change of a betatron oscillation over a certain distance(s) which can be a lattice cell.
Phase and Amplitude Detector
See PAD.
Phase and Amplitude Detector Offset
See PADO.
Phase and Radial Motion in ELectron Linear Accelerators
See PARMELLA.
Phase Configuration
See PCON.
Phase Raw
See PRAW.
Phase Shift Keying
See PSK.
Phase Space
A plot of the beam position versus its phase angle.
Phasing
To adjust the timing of any periodic device less than 360 degrees.
Phasing
To change the timing of a klystron's RF output with respect to the bunch. This will add or subtract energy from the bunch by causing the bunch to see a greater or smaller accelerating voltage.
PHENIX
the Pioneering High Energy Nuclear Interaction eXperiment located at BNL to investigate high energy collisions between heavy ions and protons.
PHENIX
A comprehensive software package for macromolecular structure determination using crystallographic or electron cryo-microscopy data IB-1770
Phishing
The practice of sending false email in an effort to trick the receiver into revealing information that can be used to perpetrate identity theft. Phishers direct the unwary to sites that look legitimate, but are not.
PHM
Klystron summary display indicating that the station mean phase is out of tolerance.
PHM
PHase Mean.
PHMC
Polynomial Hybrid Monte Carlo
PHOBOS
A detector at RHIC.
phonon
wave-like vibration of an atom in a solid.
Photomultiplier
A photon to current transducer amplifier which uses the photoelectric effect and secondary emissions in cascaded diode cells to produce a measurable electric current from a relatively weak light source.
Photon
A particle of light. In 1889, Max Planck postulated that light is not continuous, but comes in bunches, or quanta. Each of these granular quanta of light is made up of photon particles.
photonics
The technology of using particles of light as carriers of information.
PHP
Personal Home Page (original meaning). General purpose scripting language developed by Rasmus Lerdorf.
PHTN
Photon.
Physical Address
A grouping of numbers that identifies a particular piece of computer hardware connected to a local area network or other data communications system. Contrast with logical address.
Physical ELectronics
See PEL.
PHYSTAT
International Conference on Statistical Problems in Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology.
PIC
Particle-In-Cell
PIC
Port d'Informació Cientifica. (Scientific Information Harbour)
PIC
Product of Incomplete Combustion.
PIC
Person In Charge. The person in charge of laboratory response to emergencies.
PIC
Pocket Ion Chamber.
PIC
Protection Ion Chamber.
Picobarn
A unit of area equal to 10 to the minus 12 barns. Used to measure cross-sections in nuclear and particle physics.
Picocurie
Measurement of radioactivity. A picocurie is one million millionth, or a trillionth, of a curie, and represents about 2.2 radioactive particle disintegrations per minute.
Picocuries Per Liter
A unit of measure used for expressing levels of radon gas. See also Picocurie.
PICSEL
Physics with Integrated Cmos Sensors and ELectron machines.
Picture Element
See Pixel.
PID
Photo-Ionization Detector.
PID
Particle IDentification.
PIE
Precourt Institute for Energy. (Stanford)
PIE
Process Improvement and Efficiency.
PIER
Promoting Inclusive and Equitable Research (DOE)
Pig
A container, usually lead, used to ship or store radioactive materials.
PII
Personally Identifiable Information.
PILATUS
PIxel ApparaTUs for the Sls project.
Pile
The fuel element in a nuclear reactor.
PIM
Profile Intensity Monitor.
PIMC
Path Integral Monte Carlo
PIMMS
Proton and Ion Medical Machine Study.
PING
Packet INternet Groper. A program which is useful for testing and debugging networks. It sends an ICMP Echo packet to the specified host, and waits for a response. It reports successor failure and statistics about its operation. The term is used as a verb: Ping host X to see if it is up!
PingER
Ping End-to-end Reporting.
PIP
Project Implementation Plan. (ILC)
Piracy
Unauthorized copying of software.
PIS
Primary Instrument Scientist.
PISL
Pi-mode stabilizing loops
PITZ
PhotoInjector Test Facility, Zeuthen. (DESY)
PIV
Personal Identification Verification.
Pixel
Picture element. A dot of video graphics that can be in either an on or off state. The number of pixels determines the resolution. Resolution is the number of pixels on the monitor and is determined by multiplying the number of horizontal pixels by the number of vertical pixels. For example, VGA is 640 x 480 or 307,200 pixels on the monitor.
PJB
Pre-Job Briefing
PJLZ
Parrinello-Jona-Lasinio-Zwanziger.
PKU3
Peking University 3rd. A 1.3 gigahertz TESLA-type nine-cell niobium superconducting cavity.
PL
Pulsed Linac (FEL).
PL/1
Programming Language 1. General-purpose language used for both scientific and business applications.
Plant Engineering
See PE.
PLAS
Plastic detector.
PLC
Programmable Logic Controller.
PLD
Pulsed Laser Deposition.
PLEDGE
PoLicy Enforcement in Data Grid Environments. (NARA)
PLI
Project Leadership Institute. (DOE)
PLIC
Panofsky Long Ion Chamber. A gas filled cable running along the linac housing or primary beam transport line used to detect a mis-steered beam. The point where the beam is lost can be determined from the time of arrival of the ion shower that the lost beam sprays into the cable-chamber. Conceived by Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky, SLAC Director Emeritus.
PLS
Pohang Light Source. (Korea)
Plug Compatibility
Manufactured hardware that is designed to be interchangeable with another vendor's product, even though internal details may differ.
PLUME
Pixelated Ladder with Ultra-Low Material Embedding. (ILC)
PLUT
DESY PLUTO detector.
PM
Peripheral Monitors.
PM
Project Management.
PM
Preventive Maintenance.
PM
Pulsed Magnet.
PM
Performance Measures.
PM
Protection colliMator.
PM
Pulse-bending Magnet.
PMAG
Project Management Assurance Group.
PMAAG
Project Management Advisory and Assurance Group
PMB
Performance Measurement Baseline.
PMC
PCI Mezzanine Card. (GLAST)
PMCS
Project Management Control System
PMD
Photon Multiplicity Detector.
PME
Plant Maintenance Electrical.
PMI
Plant Maintenance Instrumentation.
PMM
Plant Maintenance Mechanics.
PMN
Pre-Manufacture Notification.
PMO
Project Management Office. (SLAC)
PMPS
Photon Machine Protection System
PMS
Program Management System.
PMS
Peripheral Monitoring Stations.
PMS
Plant Maintenance Services.
PMT
PhotoMultiplier Tube. See also Photomultiplier.
PMU
Plant Maintenance and Utilities Building.
PMV
Pulse-bending Magnet Vertical.
PNC
Parity NonConservation, or Parity NonConserving.
PNGB
Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Boson.
PNL
An abbreviation for `Panel.'
PNNL
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
PNT
Position, Navigation and Time.
PO
Purchase Order.
PO
Pump Out.
POAM
Plan Of Action and Milestones.
POC
Point Of Contact or Point of Connection.
Pockels Cell
A crystal which changes its angle of light polarization when submitted to a high voltage. A Pockels cell is used in the PLS to chop the laser beam and also for polarization and intensity control. It is useful for fast switching and control of polarized light beams.
POD
Print-On-Demand.
POHC
Principal Organic Hazardous Constituent.
POI
Person Of Interest.
Poisson
A modeling program used for calculating magnetic fields.
Poisson
A type of statistical distribution (see also Gaussian) named after the mathematician Simeon Denis Poisson.
Polling
Connecting to another system to check for things like mail or news.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl
See PCB.
POMDP
Partially Observable Markov Decision Process.
Pomeron
A color-neutral collective partonic excitation the aggregate mechanism responsible for elastic scattering.
POMM
Planned Operational Machine Maintenance. (LCLS)
POP
Post Office Protocol. A protocol used to retrieve e-mail from a mail server. Most e-mail applications (sometimes called an e-mail client) use the POP protocol, although some can use the newer IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol).
POPBCI
POst Processor for Beam Coupling Interfaces.
PosiPol
Polarized positrons.
Positron
A particle with a mass equal to an electron but with opposite charge. First postulated by P.A.M. Dirac in 1929, and experimentally discovered by C.D. Anderson in 1931.
POSS
Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (1950-1955).
Post Telephone and Telegraph Administration
See PTT.
Postmaster
The person responsible for taking care of mail problems, answering queries about users, and other related work at a site.
PostScript
A commonly-used graphics description language designed for use with computer printers. Most modern computer word processors and graphics programs can produce PostScript output.
POTW
Publicly-Owned Treatment Works.
POTW
Plan Of The Week.
POW
Plan Of the Week. (SLAC)
Power Conversion Department
See PCD.
Power Supply Controller
See PSC.
Power Supply Operations Group
See AME.
Power Teks.
See AME.
PPA
Particle Physics and Astrophysics (Directorate-SLAC). Changed in August 2007. Was Particle and Particle Astrophysics (Directorate-SLAC).
PPARC
Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (UK).
ppb
Parts per billion.
PPB
Planning and Policy Board. (Stanford University)
PPC
Parallel Plate Chamber
PPDG
Particle Physics Data Grid. Collaboration formed in 1999 to develop a worldwide distributed computing model. COMPUTING
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment.
PPL
Pervasive Parallelism Laboratory. (Stanford - Computing)
PPL
Pole PLate.
PPM
Piecewise Parabolic Method.
PPM
Periodic Permanent Magnet.
ppm
Parts per million.
PPM Focusing
Periodic permanent magnet focusing. Uses an array of closely spaced magnetic lenses of alternating polarity, driven by ring- shaped, high-energy, rare earth magnets (which provides table fields and require no input current).
PPN
Parametrized PostNewtonian
PPO
Program Planning Office, an ES&H Division Department
PPP
Point to Point Protocol. A protocol that allows a computer to use the TCP/IP protocols and become a full Internet member with a standard phone line and a hi-speed modem. Replaces SLIP.
PPP
Preferred Procurement Products. (DOE)
PPPA
Poison Prevention Packaging Act. (Federal)
PPPL
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory.
PPRC
Polarized Photocathode Research Collaboration.
PPS
Pulses Per Second.
PPS
Personnel Protection System. A safety system designed to protect people from radiation hazards. It includes the access control system of radiation areas and the radiation detection systems (BSOIC and BCS).
PPSN
Public Packet Switched Network, e.g., Telnet, Tymnet, Uninet in the U.S., Datapac in Canada, Datexp in Germany.
PQCD
Perturbative QCD
PQFT
Perturbative Quantum Field Theory.
PR
beam position monitor, cherenkov cell, phosphor screen.
PRA
Paperwork Reduction Act. (1995)
PRBs
Permeable Reactive Barriers.
PRC
People's Republic of China.
PRC
PRoperty Control.
PRCS
Permit Required Confined Spaces.
PRD
Physics Requirements Document.
PRD
Pressure Relief Damper.
PREC
Physical Requirements and Exposures Checklist.
Pre-kicker
A small pulsed magnet used on SLC to cancel the kick received by the second bunch on the previous turn of the NDR.
Preprint
A manuscript intended for publication but circulated among peers for comment prior to being submitted for publication.
Preset Buttons
PPS search devices which need to be activated by an operator when searching an accelerator area. These buttons are placed strategically in the beam housing to ensure that the search team does a complete job of searching all the nooks and crannies in the tunnel.
Primary Waste Treatment
The first steps in wastewater treatment. Screens and sedimentation tanks are used to remove most materials that float or will settle. Primary treatment results in the removal of about30 percent of carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand from domestic sewage.
PRIME
Post-RefInement and MErging. Software program for analyzing data from X-ray laser experiments.
Princeton-Stanford Storage Rings
See Stanford-Princeton Storage Rings.
Print Server
A network server assigned to manage local or remote printers and printer queues. The print server keeps track of print jobs, allows manipulation of print queues, and sends print jobs to various printers.
Priority Pollutants
A list of chemicals selected from the list of toxic pollutants by the EPA as priority toxic pollutants for regulation under the Clean Water Act.
PRISM
Phase-Rotated Intense Slow Muon Source (Osaka).
Private Branch Extension
See PBX.
PRL
Physics Review Letters. PHYSICS
PRL
Phase Reference Line (For PAD).
PRL
Positron Return Line.
Probability
A number between zero and one that represents the chance of occurrence of a given event, wherein a probability of zero means there is no chance of the event occurring, and a probability of one means the event must happen. (A fifty percent chance of occurrence is a probability of one half).
Process
Any autonomous program executed by a computer's CPU is a process. Sometimes called a job.
Profile Monitor
A screen inserted in a beam transport line to view the beam cross section. The visible emission created by the beam exiting the screen's phosphor coating (usually zinc sulfide) is viewed by a video camera and the picture transmitted to the Control Room. Profile monitor screens can usually be inserted and removed remotely by the machine operators.
Program Deputy
The physicist temporarily in charge of the current program. Program deputies usually have the `duty' for a period of one or two weeks.
Programmable Input/Output Processor
See PIOP.
Programmable Synchronization Unit
See PSU.
Programmable Width Unit
See PWU.
Programmed Data Processor
See PDP-11.
Programming Language 1
See PL/1.
Prop. 65
Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, citizen's referendum in California.
PROSCAN
Proton therapy project at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI).
Protection Factor
See PF.
Protection System
See PTS.
Protocol
A formal description of message formats and the rules two computers must follow to exchange those messages. A Protocol can describe low-level details of machine-to-machine interfaces(e.g., the order in which bits and bytes are sent across a wire) or high-level exchanges between allocation programs (e.g., the way in which two programs transfer a file across the Internet).
Proxy
The mechanism whereby one system fronts for another system in responding to protocol requests. Proxy systems are used in network management to avoid having to implement full protocol stacks in simple devices, such as modems.
PRP
Potentially Responsible Party.
PRP
Proposal or Program Review Panel.
PRST-AB
Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams.
PRT
Participating Research Team (SSRL)
PRV
Pressure Relief Valve
PS
Pico-Second.
ps
A commonly used abbreviation for PostScript. Often used as the extension portion of a computer file specification containing PostScript language commands, as in myletter.ps.
PS
Program Support. (DOE)
PS
Power Supply.
PS
vacuum Pumping (above housing)
PS
Pressure Switch.
PS2
high-energy Photon Science.
PSA
PCB waste Storage Area. SLAC
PSAD
Preliminary Safety Analysis Document.
PSB
Power Supply Board.
PSC
Planar Spark Counter.
PSD
Prevention of Significant Deterioration. (from CAA)
PSD
Pulse Shape Discrimination.
PSE
Power Systems Engineering group (SLAC).
PSES
Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources. (from CWA)
PSF
Point Spread Function.
PSF
Planetary Systems and Star Formation.
Psi
The Greek letter `y.' See also Phase Advance.
PSI
Paul Scherrer Institute.(Switzerland)
PSI
A revolutionary long-lived meson discovered simultaneously at SLAC and MIT in 1974. Burton Richter (SLAC) and Sam Ting (MIT) shared the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of this particle, called J by the MIT team.
PSI
Pounds per Square Inch (unit of pressure).
PSI
Protein Structure Initiative (NIH/NIGMS).
PS-II
PhotoSystem-II
PSK
Phase Shift Keying. Used in the SLED system to add the energy stored in the sled cavity to that being produced by the klystron. The PSK knob moves the envelope of the RF for sector 2-30with respect to the beam. It affects both beams, unlike the phase ramp knob which is used to adjust the e+ and e- beam energies separately.
PSLB
Photon Science Laboratory Building. (Bldg. 057) Renamed Arillaga Science Center in 2017.
PSM
vacuum Pumping (Mech.) (above housing)
PSN
Proper Shipping Name. (from 49 CFR)
PSNM
Power Supply NaMe or serial number.
PSNS
Pretreatment Standards for New Sources. (from CWA)
PSPS
Public Safety Power Shutoff (PG&E)
PSUSY
ParaSUperSYmmetry.
pT
Transverse momentum.
PTA
Projects-Tasks-Awards. (Stanford)
PTE
Potential To Emit.
PTEC
Physics Teacher Education Coalition.
PTFE
PolyTetraFluorEthylene CHEMISTRY MATERIALS
PTPS
Pulse To Pulse Stabilizer.
PTS
ProTection System. The SLAC operational group charged with designing and troubleshooting electronics systems used in Beam Containment and PPS.
Public Packet Switched Network
See PPSN.
PUE
Power Usage Effectiveness.
PULSE
Photon Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering center (SLAC).
Pulsed Amplitude Unit
See PAU.
Pulsed Bend Horizontal
See PBH.
Pulsed Power Output Module
See PPOM.
Pump down
Depressurize.
Pump Probe
A technique developed for the observation of ultrafast events. A sample of material is 'pumped' at regular intervals to create discrete events, and as the sample is changing, the experimenters 'probe' the response of the system to the created excitation events.
PUR
Purchasing.
PVA
PolyVinyl Alcohol.
PVA
Process Variable Access (Computing)
PVC
PolyVinylChloride.
PVM
Parallel Virtual Machine. A message-passing library and processor daemon for coordinating tasks across processors. Public domain from Oak Ridge National Lab. Like Express and Linda, usage has been growing explosively. Used in conjunction with batch programs like Condor on MPPs or clusters to take better advantage of multiple processors. PVM node programs aren't currently under Condor control.
PVSS
ProzeflVisualisierungs und SteuerungsSystem, an LHC control software.
PWA
Partial-Wave Analysis.
PWC
Proportional Wire Chamber
PWFA
Plasma-based WakeField Acceleration.
PWHA
Pre-Work Hazard Assessment.
PWR
Pressurized Water Reactor.
PWSA
Ports and Waterways Safety Act. (Federal)
PWT
Plane Wave Transformer.
PXE
Preboot eXecution Environment
Pyroehoric
Capable of igniting spontaneously when exposed to dry or moist air at or below 130 degrees F (54.44 C).
Pyrolysis
The destruction of molecular composition through heating, resulting in smaller, simpler, and generally less toxic compounds.

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Q

Q
A general reference to the strength of a quad where: q = 1/Focal length.
Q
The physical symbol for electric charge, usually measured in coulombs.
QA
Quality Assurance.
QA
Accelerator Quadrupole.
QA&C
Quality Assurance and Compliance.
QA/R
Quality Assurance/Reliability.
QAP
Quality Assurance Program.
QATS
Quality Assurance Tracking System
QC
Quality Control.
QCD
Quantum Chromo-Dynamics.
QCDOC
QCD-On-a-Chip, a new class of parallel computers.
QCDSP
Quantum Chromodynamics on Digital Signal Processors
QCDSR
Quantum Chromo-Dynamics SumRules
QD
Quadrupole Defocusing.
QDI
QuaDrupole Insertion.
QDM
QuaDrupole Matching.
QED
Quantum Electro-Dynamics.
QF
Quadrupole Focusing.
Q-FARM
Quantum Fundamentals, ARchitectures, and Machines
QFP
Quasi-infrared Fixed Point
QFT
Quantum Field Theory
QFTH
Quantum Field THeory
QG
Quantum Gravity.
QGP
Quark - Gluon Plasma
QGR
Quantum General Relativity
QH
Quantum Hall
QHD
Quantum HadroDynamics
QIP
Quality Implementing Procedures.
QIPs
Quality Implementing Procedures.
QIS
Quantum Information Science
QISM
Quantum Inverse Scattering Method.
QKT
Quaternionic Kahler with Torsion
QKZ
Quantized Knizhnik-Zamolodochikov
QLO
Qualified Laser Operator.
QM
Quantum Mechanics
QMC
Quark Meson Coupling
QMD
Quantum Molecular Dynamics.
QME
Quantum Master Equation
QND
Quantum NonDemolition
Q-NEXT
NEXT generation Quantum science and engineering. A national quantum information science research center (DOE)
QNGT
Quantum Nonsymmetric Gravitation Theory
QPA
Quantum Privacy Amplification
QPM
Quark Parton Model
QPOS
QuasiPeriodic OScillations.
QRCM
Quantitative Reliability Centered Maintenance.
qRIXS
(high-resolution) momentum resolved RIXS
QRPA
Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation
QSO
Quasi Stellar Objects (Quasars)
QTRM
Quadrupole TRiM. An extra winding on a quadrupole magnet used for making small adjustments to the field. Sometimes wired to add a small dipole field to the quadrupole, usually for steering purposes.
Quad
See Quadrupole.
QUaD
QUest at Dasi. Project utilizing the Q U Extra-galactic Survey Telescope (QUEST) instrument at the South Pole that was installed on the mechanical structure from a previous experiment called DASI (Degree Angular Scale Interferometer).
Quadrupole
A four pole magnet used to focus beams. The strength of the field is proportional to the distance from the center. The focusing is in one plane only. In the other plane, the field is defocusing. Quadrupoles may be wired to be horizontally focusing (vertically defocusing) or horizontally defocusing (vertically focusing). At SLAC, they are named after their horizontal effect on the beam.
Quadrupole TRiM
See QTRM.
Quaero
A web-based computer tool which allows physicists worldwide to search data from Fermilab's DZero experiment. Developed by physicist Bruce Knuteson. Quaero is Latin for 'I search.' ( http://quaero.fnal.gov )
Qubit
One QUantum BIT of information.
Quench
A change of phase in a superconducting magnet in which the superconducting properties are lost. The energy released can destroy the magnet, if proper precautions are not taken to safely dissipate the stored energy.
Quencher
A Superconducting Triplet protection subsystem to initiate a quench and turn off the final triplet. This is done using a capacitive discharge to warm up the wire and bring it out of superconductivity.
QUEST
Q U Extra-galactic Survey Telescope. (South Pole)
QUEST
QUasar Equatorial Survey Team.
Quick Access
An access to a PPS-controlled area defined as being for less than two hours and with fewer than five people.
QWT
Quarter Wave Transformer.

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R

R
Region.
R
Roentgen.
R&D
Research and Development.
R2A2
Roles, Responsibilities, Authorities and Accountability (ES&H).
R2As
Roles, Responsibilities and Authorities.
RA
Radiation Area.
RA
Return Air.
RACT
Reasonably Available Control Technology (from CAA).
RAD
Radiation Absorbed Dose. A unit of absorbed dose of radiation. One RAD of absorbed dose is equal to .01 joules per kilogram.
Radiation Absorbed Dose
See RAD.
Radiation Physics
See RP.
Radiological Worker
Worker whose job assignment requires work on, with, or in the proximity of radiation-producing machines or radioactive materials. A radiological worker has the potential of being exposed to more than 0.1 rem (1 mSv) per year, which is the sum of the dose equivalent from external irradiation and the committed effective dose equivalent from internal irradiation. A "radiological worker" may also be referred to as a "radiation worker" or a "rad worker."
Radionuclides
Atoms which give off various radiations through spontaneous nuclear events.
RAFEL
Regenerative Amplifier Free-Electron Laser
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent/Inexpensive Disks.
RAIRS
Reflection Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy
RAL
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK).
RAM
Random Access Memory.
RAM
RadioActive Material.
RAMSY
RadioActive Materials Storage Yard.
Random Variable
In probability theory, the event whose probability of occurrence is in question is the `random variable.'
RAP
Remedial Action Plan.
RARP
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. The Internet protocol a diskless host uses to find its Internet address at startup. RARP maps a physical (hardware) address to an Internet address.
RAS
Russian Academy of Science.
RAS
Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability. Part of ATCA specifications.
RASICAM
Radiometric All-Sky Infrared CAMera. (SLAC)
RASK
Restricted Access Safety Key. Used to enable magnets to be tested while personnel are present in an area where the power supplies are normally interlocked off with the PPS system. The RASK key circumvents the normal protection interlock system, and must be used under a strict set of operational procedures that are designed to prevent accidents during the magnet test.
Rate
LIMit See RLIM.
RCA
Radiologically Controlled Area.
RCE
Reconfigurable Cluster Element. (ATLAS)
RCF
RHIC Computing Facility, located at BNL.
RCFT
Rational Conformal Field Theory
RCM
Radiological Control Manager
RCMBNR
ReCoMBiNeR.
RCNP
Research Center for Nuclear Physics
RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. (42 U.S.C. Ch. 82, Sec. 6901 et seq)
RDBMS
Relational DataBase Management System.
RDC
Remote Desktop Connection.
RDDS
Rounded Damped Detuned Structures. (NLC)
RDDS
Rounded Damped-Detuned Structure
RDF
Radical Distribution Function
RDP
Remote Desktop Protocol.
RDR
Reference Design Report (ILC).
RDTS
Rausch De Traubenberg and Slupinsky
REA
Registered Environmental Assessor. (CH&SC Sec. 25570 et seq)
REC
REConstruction of the physical properties of events (data). (HEP)
Recharge Zone
A land area where rainwater, or infiltration from surface streams or impoundment areas or other sources soaks into the ground and enters an aquifer.
REDE
Resonance depolarization.
Reduced Instruction Set Computer
See RISC.
REE
Rare Earth Elements.
Reflected Power
An RF engineering parameter that indicates the quality of impedance matching between any two power devices in an RF system. The lower the reflected power, the better the impedance match at any given frequency.
Refractory Organics
Organic compounds which are resistant to decomposition through burning or high temperature treatment.
Refrigerated Baffle
See DPS.
REG
Research Electronics Group.
REG
Research Engineering Group.
Regional Response Team
See RRT.
REL
Recommended Exposure Level. (from NIOSH)
Relativistic
A mechanical or electrical system that involves velocities close enough to the speed of light to require the formulas of relativistic mechanics is said to be `relativistic.' If the velocities involved in the system are far enough sub-light to be approximated by Newtonian mechanics, then the system is said to be `non-relativistic.'
REM
Readiness and Emergency Management Team (ES&H).
REM
Roentgen Equivalent Man. A unit of radiation absorbed by a person. A `q' multiplication factor is used to adjust for different type of radiation (having differing effects on the human body).
REML
Radiological Environmental Monitoring Laboratory.
Remote Amplifier Monitor
See RAMM.
Remote Procedure Call
See RPC.
Remote Procedure-Co-System
A subset of a distributed computing environment that includes a programming library, network-resource mapping, and binding services. These tools provide the means for client processes to execute procedures on a remote server.
REMP
Radiological Environmental Monitoring Plan.
RENO
Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillations. (Korea)
REPMM
Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Multipoles.
REPMM
Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Material.
Reportable Occurrence
A DOE administrative definition. Reportable occurrences are defined by DOE order 5000.3A. and include all emergencies and unusual occurrences. These events are reported by the EOIC in a Notification note book (a binder on the MCC Console desk).
Reportable Quantity
See RQ.
RES
RESonant.
Research Yard
The area east of the BSY and including End Stations A, B, and C. This term is not generally used for the SLC collider hall or any facilities east of Beam Dump East.
Restricted Access
A PPS beam housing access status designed to allow the safe operation of electrical hazards in the beam housing without having to prepare for beam operations that require the extra discipline of radiation safety. This allows the safe testing of magnets and power supplies without meeting all of the requirements of the BAS that would be required to get to the `no access' state.(Does not exist in CID and LINAC.)
Reverse Bend
See RB.
Rexx
REstructured eXtended eXecutor (programming language).
RF
The microwave radio frequency power used to accelerate particles in the LINAC (2856 MHz) and in the ring cavities (714 MHz). Generally, any oscillation frequency above 30 KHz (above audio).
RF
RadioFrequency.
RFAR
Radio Frequency Accelerator Research.
RFARD
Radio Frequency Accelerator Research Division. (SLAC)
RFARE
RF Accelerator Research and Engineering Division. (SLAC)
RFARED
RF Accelerator Research and Engineering Division.
RFC
Request for Comments. The document series, begun in 1969, which describes the Internet suite of protocols and related experiments. Not all RFCs describe Internet standards, but all Internet standards are written as RFCs.
RFI
Request For Information.
RFP
Request For Proposal
RFQ
Request For Quotation
RFQ
Radio-Frequency Quadrupole
RFQD
Radio-Frequency Quadrupole Decelerator.
RG
Renormalization Group
RGA
Residual Gas Analyzer
RGB
Red, Green, and Blue.
RGD
Radiation Generating Devices.
RGE
Renormalization Group Equation
RGT
Renormalization Group Transformation
RHEED
Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction.
RHEL4
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.
RHIC
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A Brookhaven National Lab collider that generates 100 Gev/n per beam.
RHM
Running Hour Meter.
RHMC
Rational Hybrid Monte Carlo.
RHW
Restricted Hazardous Wastes.
RI/FS
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study.
RIA
Rare Isotope Accelerator.
RIA
Relativistic Impulse Approximation
RICH
Ring-Imaging CHerenkov detector.
RID
Review Item Discrepancy.
RID
Ratio of Intensity Driver.
Rigidity Factor
A database constant used in the calculation of KMOD and equal to 33.356. BDES = KMOD X Rigidity X Length.
RIKEN
Institute of Physical and Chemical Research in Saitama, Japan. Active in many areas of physics, especially nuclear physics.
Ring Network
LAN in which multiple stations are each connected to an adjacent workstation. Communications must be relayed through the adjacent stations to reach the desired station.
Ring To LINAC
See RTL.
RISC
Reduced Instruction Set Computer. See also RISC Architecture.
RISC Architecture
The objective of this computer technology is to reduce the complexity of instructions so each can be completed in a CPU clock cycle, producing faster results.
RISE
Raising Interest in Science and Engineering. (Stanford-DOE program )
Risk
The probability of an adverse health effect as a result of exposure to a hazardous substance or substances.
Risk Assessment
The use of available information to evaluate and estimate exposure to a substance(s) and its consequent adverse health effects.
Risk Management
The process of integrating risk-assessment results with engineering data and social, economic, and political concerns, then weighing alternatives to select the most appropriate public health action (ranging from public education to interdiction) that will lead to reduction or elimination of the identified risk.
RIST
Radioactive Ion Source Test
RIXS
Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering.
RJ-45 connector
Small plastic phone-jack style (but different size) connecter used (at SLAC) on 10base-T Ethernet connections.
RLA
Recirculating Linear Accelerator.
RLIM
Rate LIMit. A common effect of the MPS is to rate limit the beam.
RM
Records Management.
RM
Requirements Management.
RMA
Return Merchandise Authorization.
RMA
Radiological Materials Area.
R-Matrix
A transport matrix which describes the path of a charged particle through a magnet lattice. It may be used to calculate the position and angle of a particle at point B from a known position and angle at point A.
RMCL
Recommended Maximum Contaminant Level.
RMDF
Radiation Materials Declaration Form
RMF
Response Matrix File.
RMF
Risk Management Framework.
RMMA
Radioactive Materials Management Area.
RMPP
Risk Management and Prevention Program. (CH&SC Sec. 25531 et seq)
RMS
Root Mean Square. The RMS value of the calculated-by-history buffer.
RNA
RiboNucleic Acid
RNB
Radioactive Nuclear Beam
RNL
Relativistic Nonlocality
RNO
Reduced normal-ordering
RO
Reverse Osmosis.
ROB
Research Office Building
ROC
Read-Out Chip.
ROCKSTAR
Robust Overdensity Calculation using K-Space Topologically Adaptive Refinement.
ROD
Record Of Decision.
ROD
Repair Opportunity Day.
ROD
The SSRL Research and Operations Division.
ROG
Reactive Organic Gases.
ROI
Regions Of Interest.
ROI
Return On Investment.
Roller Screen
A type of beam monitoring screen that `rolls' in and out of the beam path.
ROM
Read Only Memory.
ROMEOs
Retired Old Men Eating Out. (Informal SLAC social club).
ROOT
An object-oriented data-analysis framework developed at CERN.
ROR
Receiver Over Run.
Ross Diagram
A timing diagram showing the beam codes and their firing order for a specified machine rate. Named for Marc Ross, its originator.
Route
The path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination.
Router
A dedicated computer (or other device) that sends packets from one place to another, paying attention to the current state of the network.
RP
Responsible Party.
RP
Radiation Physics. The SLAC organization group responsible for Radiation shielding design, Beam Line containment and BAS definitions. Also called Radiation Protection.
RP&TC
Research Partnerships & Technology Commercialization. (SLAC)
RPA
Rapid Prototype Array.
RPA
Random Phase Approximation
RPAR
See Special Review.
RPC
Remote Procedure Call. A type of interprocess communication that allows a process on one computer to call a process located in another computer.
RPD
Radiation Protection Department. (SLAC)
RPFO
Radiation Protection Field Operations group. (SLAC)
RPG
Radiation Physics Group.
RPM
Risk Prioritization Model.
RPO
Recovery Point Objective (Business Continuity Plan).
RPP
Respiratory Protection Program.
RPP
Radiation Protection Program
RPP
Review of Particle Physics. A biennial review published by The Particle Data Group which summarizes much of particle physics. Formerly titled Review of Particle Properties, RPP is available on the web at http://pdg.lbl.gov
RPTC
Rinecker Proton Therapy Center, located in Munich, Germany. Contains Europe's first clinical proton-therapy system.
RPTC
Research Partnerships and Technology Commercialization. (SLAC)
RPWIA
Relativistic Plane Wave Impulse Approximation.
RQ
Reportable Quantity. (from 49 CFR) The quantity of a hazardous substance that triggers reports under CERCLA. If a substance is released in amounts exceeding its RQ, the release must be reported to the National Response Center, the State Emergency Response Commission, and community emergency coordinators for areas likely to be affected.
RQRPA
Renormalized Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation
RR
Ramond-Ramond
RRA
Roles, Responsibilities, and Authorities (ES&H).
RRAT
Rotating RAdio Transients.
RRCAT
Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology. (India)
RRD
Round Robin Database tool.
RRQM
Reconstruction of Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
RRR
Residual Resistance Ratio
RRT
Regional Response Team. Representatives of federal, local, and state agencies who may assist in coordination of activities at the request of the On-Scene Coordinator before and during a Superfund response action.
RS-232
The Electronics Industry Association standard defining interface voltage and current levels and other signal characteristics for connecting digital equipment to a transmission line.
RSB
Research Services/Support Building (Bld. 052).
RSC
Radiation Safety Committee.
RSC
Rigid Steel Conduit.
RSFP
Resonant Spin Flavor Precession
RSO
Radiation Safety Officer.
RSOS
Restricted Solid On Solid
RSOXS
Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering.
RST
Russo-Susskind-Thorlacius
RSVP
Rare Symmetry Violating Processes. (Brookhaven)
RSWCF
Radiation Safety Work Control Form.
RSXS
Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering (a type of chamber / end station in LCLS and a type of science done at LCLS)
RTECS
Registry of the Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. It is published by NIOSH.
RTEMS
Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems.
RTM
Rear Transition Modules.
RTML
Ring To Main Linac. (ILC)
RTO
Recovery Time Objective (Business Continuity Plan).
RTOS
Real-Time Operating System.
RTP
Rapid-Thermal-Processing.
Rubin
Vera C. Rubin Observatory, in Chile, location of LSST experiment
RUF
Respirator User's Form
Running Schedule
See Operations Schedule.
RVT
Restart Validation Team.(SLAC)
RVUE
Review of previous data.
RWG
Revolutionary Working Group. (SLAC Contract Project)
RWK
ReWorK.
RWM
Radiation Waste Management group (SLAC)
RWP
Radiological Work Permit.
RWQCB
Regional Water Quality Control Board.
RWT
Radiation Worker Training.
RWTP
Rinse Water Treatment Plant.
RXTE
Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer satellite

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S

S
A variable for any distance in the direction of the beam or for the length of the bunch itself. Distances are measured in the `Z' direction.
S
Siemens.
S K-XAS
An imaging technique using low-energy ranges and the element sulfur.
S&E
Safety and Environmental (ES&H). Also, Science and Engineering.
S&H
Safety and Health.
S&ORIP
Safety and Operational Reliability Improvements Project.
S&R
Shipping and Receiving.
S/CI
Suspect or Counterfeit Items.
S2C2
Stanford-SLAC Cryo-EM Center
S30XL
Sector 30 transfer Line
S3DF
SLAC Shared Science Data Facility
SA
Supply Air.
SAA
Safety Access Area.
SAA
South Atlantic Anomaly. Anomaly in earth's magnetic field.
SAA
Satellite Accumulation Area.
SAC
SLAC Architectural Committee.
SACLA
Spring-8 Angstrom Compact free-electron LAser. (RIKEN, Japan)
SAD
Safety Analysis / Assessment Document.
SAFARI
Spica FAR-infrared Instrument.
Safety Barrel
A cylindrical shield used to protect exposed wires like PLIC line junctions. It is made of metal and always grounded.
Safety, Health, and Assurance
A department within the Environment, Safety, and Health (ES&H) Division.
SAG
Senior Advisory Group. (US)
SAGE
Formerly the Soviet-American Gallium Experiment, now officially named Russian-American Gallium Experiment, although the original acronym has been retained.
SAGENAP
Special Accelerator Group for Experiments in Non-Accelerator Physics
SAGE-S
SLAC Accelerating Girls' Engagement in STEM
SAID
Scattering Analyses Interactive Dialin
SAL
Saskatchewan Accelerator Laboratory.
SALLIE
Stanford ALL Image Exchange.
SALT
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
SALTA
Snowmass Area Large-scale Time-coincidence Array.
SAM
Software Asset Management
SAM
Small Angle Monitor. See also Mini Sam.
SAM
Smart Analog Module. A 32-channel module used to digitize analog signals. It is used to monitor the LINAC waveguide temperatures, small magnet currents, and miscellaneous analog reference signals.
SAM
Software Asset Management
SAML
Security Assertion Markup Language
SAO
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.
SAP
Scientific Advisory Panel, initiated by Prop. 65. (CCR Title 22, Sec. 12301 et seq)
SAPE
SSRL Accelerator Procedures-Engineering.
SAR
Supplied Air Respirator.
SAR
Safety Analysis Report.
SARA
Superfund (CERCLA) Amendments and Reauthorization Act. Title III of this act created federal community right-to-know program. See also EPCRA.
SARA
Heavy ion facility in Grenoble, France.
SARA-NIKHEF
National Center for Computing and Networking Services and the National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, based in the Netherlands.
SAREC
SLAC Accelerator Research Experimental Committee.
SARS-CoV-2
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2
SAS
Science Analysis Software. (GLAST)
SASE
Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission.
SASER
Acoustic equivalent of a laser.
SASS
SLAC Association of Students Seminars.
SAT
Site Acceptance Test
SATAN
Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks.
SATF
Self-Assessment Task Force.
SATIF
Shielding aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities.
SATS
Self-Assessment Tracking System.
SATURNE II
Saclay Saturne II proton, charmed meson, and helium nucleus synchrotron.
SAURON
Spectroscopic Areal Unit for Research on Optical Nebulae.
SAW
Self-Avoiding Walk
SAX
Small-Angle Xray.
SAXS
Small-Angle X-ray Scattering
SB
Senate Bill.
SB
Strawman Baseline. (ILC)
SB
See SBST.
S-BAND
2856 Mhz. The microwave frequency used to accelerate particles in the LINAC. The wavelength at this frequency is 10.5 cm, or about 4 and 1/8 inches.
SBBSTR
SuBbooSTer. An amplifier station where the RF signal coming from the x6 multiplier is boosted for the klystrons of a LINAC sector. Subboosters are either klystron tubes or solid state.
SBE
State Board of Equalization.
SBI
SubBooster Interface. A CAMAC module that handles control and monitoring for each subbooster. It provides the accelerate and standby triggers to the Subbooster modulators.
SBK
Sheet Beam Klystron.
SBNG
StarBurst Nucleus Galaxies
SBST
SuBbooSTer. An amplifier station where the RF signal coming from the x6 multiplier is boosted for the klystrons of a LINAC sector. Subboosters are either klystron tubes or solid state.
SC
Super-Conducting.
SC
Super Computing (as in SC04, SC05, etc.)
SC
DOE Office of Science (Government organizational code).
SC
Safety Collimator.
SCA
Scientific Computing Applications department (SLAC).
SCA
SuperConformal Algebra
SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition.
SCAG
State of California Association of Governments.
SCALLA
Structured Cluster Architecture for Low Latency Access.
Scanning Wire Ion Chamber
See SWIC.
SCAP
Security Content Automation Protocol.
SCAQMD
South Coast Air Quality Management District.
SCAS
Stanford Contractor Assurance System.
Scavenger
See Scavenger Beam.
Scavenger Beam
The high-current electron beam sent to the target to produce positrons. It is called Scavenger because it uses the leftover RF power after the main collision bunches are accelerated.
Scavengy
A multiknob used to tune the energy of the scavenger beam. This is done by varying the phase of Subboosters 17 and 18.
SCBA
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus.
SCCDPH
Santa Clara County Department of Public Health.
SCCS
Scientific Computing and Computing Services.
sCDM
standard Cold Dark Matter
SCDMS
Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
SC&EA
Strategic Communications & External Affairs (SLAC)
SCET
Soft Collinear Effective Theory.
SCFF
Super Conducting Final Focus.
SCFT
SuperConformal Field Theory
SCGF
DOE Office of Science (SC) Graduate Fellowship program.
SCGSR
DOE Office of Science (SC) Graduate Student Research program.
SciDAC
Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing. (DOE)
Scintillator
A type of detector that makes use of the flash of light emitted by the electrons in an excited atom falling back to their normal energy or `ground' state after having been excited by a passing particle. Used in conjunction with a photomultiplier to produces a measurable current for each `scintillation.' The most common scintillator material is plastic.
SCIPP
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics.
SCL
Safety Check List.
SCM
SuperConducting Magnet
SCM
Supply Chain Management.
SCOAP3
Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics.
SCORM
Sharable Content Object Reference Model.
SCP
Site Characterization Plan.
SCPD
Stanford Center for Professional Development
SCR
Silicon Controlled Rectifier. A solid-state electronic switch which holds off voltage until its gate lead is pulsed, which then causes conduction until the device is back biased, or zero biased. SCRs are used frequently as the main rectifiers in large, variable current, regulated power supplies.
Scraper
See Collimator.
SCRF
SuperConducting RadioFrequency.
SCROD
School Cosmic Ray Outreach Detector.
SCS
Scientific Computing Systems (or, historically, SLAC Computing Services)
SCSC
Scientific Computing Steering Committee.
SCSI
Small Computer System Interface.
SCSS
SPring-8 Compact SASE Source (Japan).
SCT
SemiConductor Tracker.
SCT
Superconducting Triplets. The superconducting quadrupoles in Final Focus.
SC-TBD
Secondary Containment - Technical Basis Document.
SCUBA
Submillimeter Common User Bolometer Array.
SCVPGM
Sagittal focusing and converging beam
SD
Surface Detector (Auger Observatory).
SD
Silicon Detector.
SD
Schwinger-Dyson.
SD
Sextupole Defocusing.
SDE
Schwinger-Dyson Equations
SDF
Sludge-Derived Fuel.
SDG
SelfDual Gravity
SDI
State Disability Insurance.
SDL
Subbooster Drive Line. The Rf line from any given subbooster to the 8 klystron modulator stations in the particular sector it drives.
SDLC
System Development LifeCycle. Also Software Development LifeCycle.
SDLC
Serial Data Link Controller.
SDLCQ
Supersymmetric Discrete Light Cone Quantization
SDM
Software Development and Maintenance.
SDMP
injector Spectrometer DuMP. (SLAC)
SDN
Science Data Network. (DOE)
SDO
Solar Dynamics Observatory.
SDOHS
State Department of Health Services, California. It is also known as CDHS, DHS, and DOHS.
SDP
Permanent Sextupole - Defocusing.
SDR
System Design Review
SDS
SLAC Design Services.
SDS
Safety Data Sheet.
SDSL
Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A technology that allows high volumes of data, up to 3Mbps, to be sent over existing conventional copper telephone lines.
SDSS
Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
SDSS-II
Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II.
SDWA
Safe Drinking Water Act. (Federal)
SEABA
Science Education Academy of Bay Area
Search Reset
A PPS status obtained after a search and needed to put a PPS area in `No Access' mode. Search reset buttons are located outside the PPS gates except for the BSY and the LINAC. The search team leader must press a searched zone's search reset button at the same time that a similar button is depressed at MCC in order to get `search status set' for any given zone, so that the `No Access' state can be achieved for that zone, and beam brought through the zone.
SEC
SECtor.
SecCM
Security-focused Configuration Management.
SECO
SEcondary Engine Cutoff. (NASA)
Secondary Emission Monitor
See SEM.
Secondary Treatment
The second step in most publicly owned waste treatment systems in which bacteria consume the organic parts of the waste. It is accomplished by bringing together waste, bacteria, and oxygen in trickling filters or in the activated sludge process. This treatment removes floating and settleable solids and about 90 percent of the oxygen-demanding substances and suspended solids. Disinfection is the final stage of secondary treatment. See Primary Waste Treatment and Tertiary Treatment.
SEC-SAXS
Size Exclusion Chromatography SAXS
Security Crash
A PPS incident which occurs when the PPS security of the machine is lost. It may be caused by a person opening a secured door to a searched zone, or by an electrical failure in the PPS system.
SED
Spectral Energy Distribution.
SED
Stream EDitor. A powerful Unix command for modifying the information in a pipeline.
SEDA
SLAC Engineering Document Archive
SEDAC
Safety and Environmental Discussion Assistance Committee
SEDP
Safety and Environmental Discussion Program.
SEE
Satellite Energy Exchange.
Seeman Screen
Profile Monitor screens at the end of the LINAC in sector 29 and 30. The beam is deflected by pulsed kickers on to these screens. Named after their designer, John Seeman.
SEET
SLAC Ergonomic Evaluation Team.
SEGUE
Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration.
SEIS
Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement.
SEIU
Service Employees International Union.
SELEX
SEgmented LargE X baryon spectrometer.
SEM
Scanning Electron Microscope.
SEM
Secondary Emission Monitor. The SEMs are thick metal plates insulated from ground. When struck by a beam, these devices produce a shower of electrons from the plate. The plate then becomes positive and a signal is extracted to the BCS racks.
SEM
Site Engineering and Maintenance.
SEN
Secretary of Energy Notice.
Sensitizer
A substance which produces an allergic reaction.
SEP
SEPtum.
SEPT
SEPTum magnet.
Septa
Plural of Septum.
Septum
A magnet incorporating a partition with a strong field on one side and little or no field on the other. It is used in combination with a kicker to bend one beam while leaving another undisturbed, usually in order to inject and/or extract a beam from a storage ring. it can be either a vertical or horizontal bend. See Lambertson.
Septum Bump
An orbit bump created around a septum magnet to move the beam path into the `no field' area of a septum. Septum bumps are usually four magnet bumps, which allow control of the beam's angle as well as its offset through the septum area.
SERA
SLAC Emergency Relief Association.
SERC
State Emergency Response Commission. (EPCRA)
SERG
Science and Engineering Research Group (SU Libraries).
Serial Crate Controller
See SCC.
SERPUKHOV
SERPUKHOV proton synchrotron (76 GeV/c Plab).
SERPUKHOV UNK
SERPUKHOV multi-TeV proton machine.
SERT
SLAC Emergency Response Team.
Server
A computer that shares its resources, such as printers and files, with other computers on the network. An example of this is a Network Files System Server which shares its disk space with a workstation that does not have a disk drive of its own.
SESAME
Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East.
SETI
Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. (Institute)
SEXT
SEXTupole. A six-pole magnet used to eliminate chromatic aberrations in a beam transport system.
Sextupole
See SEXT.
SF
Sextupole Focusing.
SF
Schroedinger functional
SFA
Scientific Focus Area
SFF
South Final Focus.
SFG
Spectrometer Facilities Group.
SFM
CERN split-field magnet.
SFMP
Surplus Facilities Management Program of Strategic Facilities Master Plan.
SFR
Star Formation Rate.
SFS
Spent-Fuel Standard
SFT
Permanent Sextupole - Focusing.
SG
Safety Glasses, with wide shield, or Safety Goggles.
SG
Sine-Gordon
SGD
Soft Gamma-ray Detector. One of the planned components of ASTRO-H.
SGM
Superon Graviton Model.
SGML
Standard Generalized Markup Language. A system for organizing and tagging elements of a document. See also XML.
SGR
Soft Gamma Repeater
SHA
Safety, Health and Assurance. (Dept. in ES&H)
SHAB
Second Harmonic AfterBurner. (LCLS)
SHALA
Stanford Health and Lifestyle Assessment.
SHAM
Sample and Hold Module.
SHCDM
Super-Hubble Cold Dark Matter.
SHDM
Super-Heavy Dark Matter.
SHM
Safe Hold Mode.
SHMET
SHeet METal.
Shower
Any multiplicative radiation effect whereby a particle `creates' two or more particles, each of which creates two or more, etc. causing a `shower' of radiation from a few initial particles. Also, a cascade of particles generated by pair production and bremsstrahlung radiation.
SHPO
State Historic Preservation Office. (California)
SI
System Integrator. (Computing)
SIAD
Stanford Internal Audit Department.
SIAM
Summary Interlock and Alarm Module
SIB
Storage Interface Board.
Siberian Snake
A term coined by Y.S. Derbenev and A. Kondralenko at the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, the Siberian Snake is a device to be inserted into the lattice of a circular accelerator to preserve the polarization of a proton beam during the acceleration process.
SIC
Standard Industrial Classification.
SID
SLAC Institutional Database.
SiD
Silicon Detector concept for the ILC.
SID #
SLAC Institutional Database Number. A number given to every employee, contractor, or other worker at SLAC. Formerly called the BinKey (during SLAC's mainframe days).
SIDIS
SemiInclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering.
SIEM
Security Incident and Event Monitoring. (Computing)
Sierra Monitor
A computerized hazardous gas analyzing station with 16 multiplexed input channels and a printer. It is used to monitor oxygen deficiency in the pit and in the NRTL cryogenics system.
Sieve Collimator
A special collimator used in CID to control beam current. The collimator has four or five holes with various diameters and can be rotated for a desired aperture. Two of the apertures have multiple small holes like a sieve, allowing from ten percent to 33 percent of the beam to get through.
SIGM
Serpukhov CERN-IHEP magnetic spectrometer (SIGMA).
Sigma
A statistical parameter referring to the standard deviation of a distribution where `one sigma' means one standard deviation away from the median (the square root of the variance). It is used for a bunch of particles approximated to a normal, or Gaussian distribution. For a normal distribution, 68 percent of the particles are within `one sigma,' 95 percent are within `two sigmas' and 99.7 percent within `three sigmas.' In a storage ring, the aperture should be at least eight sigmas for reasonable lifetimes.
Sigma
The size (section) of a beam, assuming that the bunch shape is Gaussian and limited to one sigma.
Sigma Matrix
A matrix description of the phase space distribution of a beam.
Sigma Phi
The vertical angular divergence at the IP.
Sigma Theta
Horizontal Angular divergence at the IP.
Sigma X
The transverse size of the beam in the X, or horizontal direction.
Sigma Y
The transverse size of the beam in the Y, or vertical direction.
Signal Words
The words used on a pesticide label--`Danger,' `Warning,' `Caution'--to indicate the level of toxicity of the chemicals.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
When used in reference to Usenet activity, `signal-to-noise ratio' describes the relation between amount of actual information in a discussion, compared to their quantity. More often than not, there is substantial activity in a newsgroup, but a very small number of those articles actually contain anything useful.
Signature
The small, usually four-line message at the bottom of a piece of E-mail or a Usenet article. In Unix, it is added by creating a file `.signature' in the user's home directory. Large signatures are a no-no.
SIIMS
SLAC Issues & Improvements Management System
SIL
Safety Integrity Level.
SILI
Silicon detector.
Silicon Controlled Rectifier
See SCR.
SIMES
Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences. (Formerly XL AM).
SIMP
Strongly Interacting Massive Particle
SIMPLE 2000
Superheated Instrument for Massive ParticLE searches
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
See SMTP.
Simple Network Management Protocol
See SNMP.
Single Beam Dumper
A pulsed magnet in the 51 or 52 line that kicks the beam to a dump. Used to dump the beam whenever the arcs are not ready. Some MPS trips cause the Single Beam Dumper to fire.
SINGS
SIRTF / Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey.
Singularity
A point with infinite density where space-time is infinitely curved a boundary or edge to space-time.
SINQ
Swiss Spallation Neutron Source (Paul Scherer Institute)
SIOP
Serial Input -- Operating Parallel.
SIP
State Implementation Plan. (from CAA)
SiPIN
Silicon Positive-Intrinsic-Negative photodiodes.
SiPM
Silicon PhotoMultiplier.
SISGR
Single-Investigator and Small-Group Research. (DOE)
SISSA
Scuola Internatizionale Superiore du Studi Avanzati. (Trieste, Italy)
SIT
Saitama Institute of Technology. (Japan)
SIT
South Injection Tunnel. The positron transport line going from the BSY to PEP. Also: South Injection Transport.
SIT
System Integration Test. (OCIO) COMPUTING
SITE
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program. (from CERCLA)
SiW
Silicon tungsten group (ILC).
SIXA
Silicon X-ray Array
SK
SuperKamiokande.
SKA
Square Kilometer Array.
SKdV
Supersymmetric Korteweg-de Vries
Skew Quad
A quadrupole whose axis is rotated 45 degrees. This puts the coils vertical and horizontal instead of `X' shaped as in a regular quadrupole.
Skyshine
Air-scattered radiation.
SL
energy defining SLit, high Z slit.
SL
SuperLattices
SLA
Service Level Agreement
SLAC
Stanford Labor Action Coalition.
SLAC
ScaphoLunate Advanced Collapse.(Wrist condition: see http://www.medmedia.com/ooa1/98.htm)
SLAC
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. (Formerly Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.)
SLA
C Energy Doubler See SLED.
SLAC Orange
A portable ionization chamber survey meter designed by the SLAC Health Physics Group and fabricated onsite.
SLAC Standard Operating Procedure
See SOP.
SLAC Web page
a Web Page that is served by a SLAC computer.
SLACERT
SLAC Emergency Response Team.
SLACNET
SLAC NETwork.
SLACronym
Acronym / lingo used at SLAC.
SLACS
Sloan Lens ACS survey. An efficient Hubble Space Telescope (HST) snapshot imaging survey for new galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses.
SLCCC
Systems of Laboratories Computer Coordinating Committee. (DOE)
SLDA
Superfluid Local Density Approximation.
SLED
SLAC Energy Doubler. A system of RF resonant cavities on the output of each klystron which doubles the strength of the electric field delivered to the LINAC. It works by storing the front, or leading half of the klystron pulse, and then adding that energy to the rear, or trailing half of the pulse to get a pulse which is about half as long but twice as strong in peak power. 'Sledding' the linac has enabled it to double its total accelerating range from about 30 GeV to 60 GeV at a fraction of the cost of doubling the number of klystrons.
SLED II
SLAC Energy Doubler, version 2. Upgrade to SLED system designed by Sami Tantawi.
SLEGS
Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source.
Sleuth
A model-independent search strategy for new high-pT physics, developed by physicist Bruce Knuteson and used by the D0 collaboration in Tevatron Run I. Initially known as Sherlock, the name was changed to Sleuth to avoid trademark litigation.
SLEW
Stanford-SLAC Engagement Working Group
sLHC
Super LHC.
SLI
Science Laboratory Infrastructure.
SLIC
GEANT4-based flexible full-detector simulation program. Replaces LCDG4.
SLIP
Serial Line IP. A protocol that allows a computer to use the Internet protocols and become an Internet member with a standard phone line and a high-speed modem. Being superseded by PPP but still used.
SLM
Synchrotron Light Monitor.
Slow Valve
See VAT Valve.
SLS
Swiss Light Source, a synchrotron radiation facility at the Paul Scherrer Institute (Switzerland).
SLSO
Systems Laser Safety Officer.
SLTR
South LINAC To Ring.
SLUM
Silicon LUMinosity tracker.
SLUO
SLAC Users Organization (previously SLAC-LBL Users Organization)
SLV-III
Satellite Launch Vehicle-III.(India)
SM
Standard Model.
Small Angle Monitor
See Mini Sam.
Small Power Supply
See SMPS.
SMART
Safety MAnagement Records Tool. (database)
Smart Analog Module
See SAM.
SMART goals
Specific, Measurable, Attainable (or aligned), Relevant (results-oriented or realistic), Time-bound goals for job performance.
SMARTS
Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System.
SMASH-ML
Solving Materials And Structures by Heuristic Machine Learning
SMB
Structural Molecular Biology.
SMBH
Super Massive Black Hole.
SMC
Spin Muon Collaboration (CERN)
P
SMC
Small Magellanic Cloud
SMCT
Semiconductor Multiple-Compton Telescope.
SMDS
Switched Multimegabit Data Service. An emerging high-speed networking technology to be offered by the telephone companies in the U.S.
SME
Subject Matter Expert.
SME
Standard Model Extension.
SMEX
SMall EXplorer (NASA Program).
SMG
Standard Model Gauge group
SML
Standby Maintenance List (Artemis).
SM-LWFA
Self-Modulated Laser Wakefield Acceleration
SMMC
Shell Model Monte Carlo
Smog
Air pollution associated with oxidants.
SMRT
Single Molecule Real Time. Pacific Biosciences trademark term for its biological analysis platform.
SMS
Surface and Materials Science department (Formerly Physical Electronics).
SMS
Safety Management System.(SLAC's ISMS program.)
SMT
Senior Management Team.
SMT
SAM Tester.
SMTF
Superconducting Module Test Facility. (ILC)
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. The Internet standard protocol for transferring electronic mail messages from one computer to another. SMTP specifies how two mail systems interact and the format of control messages they exchange to transfer mail.
SN
ServiceNow.
SN
SuperNova
SN1987A
SuperNova 1987A.
SNA
Systems Network Architecture. The proprietary network architecture of IBM.
SNAP
SuperNova Acceleration Probe/Program. See JDEM.
SNARL
Suggested No Adverse Response Level.
SNBO
SuperNova Burst Observatory.
SND
Spherical Nonmagnetic Detector
SNe
SuperNovae.
SNF
Stanford Nanofabrication Facility.
SNI
Super Nova Type I
SNIa
Type Ia SuperNovae.
SNIC
SLAC-Novosibirsk Instrumentation Conference.
SNIF
Secret Neutrino Interactions Finder.
SNII
Type II SuperNovae.
SNLO
Select Non-Linear Optics.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol. The network management protocol of choice for TCP/IP-based internets.
SNO
Subdury Neutrino Observatory (Canada). Also referred to as SNOLab.
SNOLAB
Sudbury Neutrino Observatory LABoratory. (Canada)
SNR
SuperNova Remnant
SNS
Spallation Neutron Source. (Oak Ridge)
SNUG
Synchrotron Neutron User Group. PHOTON
SNUR
Significant New Use Rule. (from TSCA)
SO
Secretarial Officer.
SO
Safety Officer (institutional).
SO2
Sulfur Dioxide. A heavy, pungent, colorless, gaseous air pollutant formed primarily by industrial fossil-fuel combustion processes.
SOC
Science Operation Center (GLAST-NASA).
SOC
Synthetic Organic Chemical.
SOC
Safety Overview Committee.
SODA
SLAC Online Drawing Access. (database) Obsolete: see SEDA.
Soft Bend
A weak bend magnet, usually the last bend in a string before a target or interaction point, which, due to its lower strength, creates less synchrotron radiation noise on the detection apparatus.
SOG
Science Operations Group.(GLAST)
SOI
Silicon-On-Insulator.
SOIC
SSRL Operator In Charge.
SOLEIL
Source Optimisee de Lumiere d'Energie Intermediaire du Lure. Third-generation synchrotron radiation source in France.
Solid State Subbooster
See SSSB.
Solubility
The ability of a solid, liquid, or gas to dissolve in a solvent (usually expressed in water). Not related to density or specific gravity.
Solvent
A substance (usually liquid) capable of dissolving or dispersing one or more other substances.
SOM
Same-Order Mode.
SOML
Steward Observatory Mirror Laboratory (Arizona).
SON
Safety Orientation for Non-employees (ES&H)
SOP
Standard Operating Procedure. SOP numbers are given to SLAC documents on various subjects.
SOR
Synchrotron Orbital Radiation.
Sorbent
A material that attracts and holds another material.
SORI
Safety and Operational Reliability Improvements project.(Sometimes written as S&ORI)
Sorption
The action of soaking up or attracting substances. A process used in many pollution control systems.
SOUD
SOUDan underground detector (MN, USA)
SOUDAN 2
One-kiloton underground detector in former iron mine in Soudan (MN, USA)
Source
The area or device where a beam of particles originates, as in `positron source.'
SOW
Statement Of Work.
Space Charge
The repulsive Coulomb forces in a bunch of particles of the same polarity.
SPAFOA
Superconducting Particle Accelerator Forum of the Americas.
SPAG
Standards Promotion and Application Group. A group of European OSI manufacturers which chooses option subsets and publishes these in a `Guide to the Use of Standards' (GUS).
Spallation
A process in which a beam of protons smashes into a target, releasing a flood of neutrons.
SPATS
South Pole Acoustic Test Setup.
SPC
Scientific Policy Committee. From 2005-2008, the SLAC Policy Committee.
SPCC
Spill Prevention, Countermeasures and Control plan.
SPD
Strategic Projects Division.(LCLS)
SPEAR
Stanford Positron Electron Accelerating Ring. Created in 1970 out of the SLAC operating budget (it was not separately funded). Originally designed in 1963 as a single-ring machine called the SLAC Electron-Positron Colliding Beam Storage Ring, the design was upgraded in 1969 and a double-ring asymmetric machine, the 'Stanford Positron Electron Asymmetric Rings' (hence, SPEAR)was proposed. When funding failed to materialize, the project was scaled back to a single, racetrack-ring configuration and the acronym was converted to the machine's one-word name. (For a time the scaled-back, single-ring revised design was referred to as 'SPEAR 1/2', but the name did not stick.) Many high-energy physics experiments have been conducted in this facility, two of which have earned Nobel prizes: one for the discovery of the Psi/J particle, or Charmed Quark in 1974, and a second for the discovery of the Tau lepton in 1975. SPEAR is now being used as a synchrotron light source by many experimenters from all over the world, and it is probably the most useful high-energy physics machine ever built.
SPEAR 3
Planned upgrade of SPEAR that proposes to replace the ring with a new set of magnets and other components which would improve its performance as a light source.
SPEC
SPECification.
SPEC
Spectrometer.
Special Review
Formerly known as Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration (RPAR), this is the regulatory process through which existing pesticides suspected of posing unreasonable risks to human health, non-target organisms, or the environment are referred for review by EPA. The review requires an intensive risk/benefit analysis with opportunity for public comment. If the risk of any use of a pesticide is found to outweigh social and economic benefits, regulatory actions--ranging from label revisions and use-restriction to cancellation or suspended registration--can be initiated.
Specific Gravity
The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water.
SPECT
Single-Photon Emission Computer Tomography.
SPECT
SPECTrometer line.
Spectrometer
Energy Spectrometer. A device to measure the energy spectrum of a beam. Sometimes call a Mass Spectrometer. A beam of a given mass and energy is bent around a noodle shaped bend magnet into a detector or counter. Only particles of the required or specified mass and velocity (energy) will be bent into the target by the carefully regulated field of the bend magnet.
SPi
Smart Plug-in (HP integrated module used for Oracle PeopleSoft Enterprise application)
SPICA
SPace Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics.
SPIE
International Society for Optical Engineering.
Spill Monitor
An ion chamber near the beampipe designed to show the operators the relative amount of beam being lost by `scraping' on the inside of the beampipe, or on any upstream device.
Spill Response
Environmental Safety and Health procedure for responding to the accidental overflow of hazardous or non-hazardous material.
SPIM
Selective Plane Illumination Microscope.
Spin Rotator
A solenoid magnet used to rotate the spin axis of electrons in a polarized beam.
SPIRAL
Système de Production d'Ions Radioactifs Accélérés en Ligne. (System for the Production of Radioactive Ions Accelerated on Line) Caen, France.
SPL
Single Purchase Limit.
SPL
Superconducting Proton Linac (CERN-proposed).
SPL
Sample Preparation Laboratories (LCLS)
SPOF
Single Point Of Failure.
Spoiler
A device to blow up the beam size. A spoiler is used in front of the positron target. Spoilers are used to reduce the density of energy deposited on a dump, stopper, or other target. Instead of the tightly focused beam burning a hole in the dump, stopper, or target, the spoiler `spreads the misery around,' distributing the energy over the whole frontal area of the device.
Spot
The bright mark made by the beam on a profile monitor screen. Generally, operators try to reduce the size of the spot and give it a good shape by adjusting machine parameters that are upstream of the screen.
SPP
Strategic Partnership Projects
SPPC
SPoolPieCe.
SPPS
Sub-Picosecond Particle Source (formerly Sub-Picosecond Photon Source).
SPPS
Super antiProton Proton Synchrotron (CERN).
SPring-8
Super Photon ring-8 GeV. Synchrotron radiation source at Harima, Japan.
SPRL
State Priority Ranking List.
SPs
Service Packs (computing).
SPS
Super Proton Synchrotron (CERN)
SPS+
Superconducting SPS.
SPSC
Super Proton Synchrotron Committee (CERN).
SPSC
SuperProton-Synchrotron Collider.
SPSCL
Set-up Phase Safety Checklist. (LCLS)
SPTpol
South Pole Telescope polarization-sensitive microwave camera.
SPTRM
SPecTRoMeter.
SPTT
SPuTTering.
SPY
Secondary Particle Yield (CERN experiment)
SQ
Sub-scale Quadrupole.
SQCD
Supersymmetric QCD
SQED
Supersymmetric Quantum ElectroDynamics.
SQF
Safety Qualification Form.
SQG
Small Quantity Generator. (from RCRA)
SQL
Structured Query Language. The international standard language for defining and accessing relational databases.
SQM
Strange Quark Matter.
SQM
Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics.
SQN
Strange Quark Nuggets.
SQS
Space of Quantum States.
SQUID
Superconducting QUantum Interference Device.
SR
Sponsored Research
SR
Synchrotron Radiation.
SR
SteRadian.
SR
Shielded Room. A PPS Item.
SR2A
Synchrotron Radiation in Art and Archeology (workshop).
SRB
Storage Resource Broker (grid software).
SRB
South Reverse Bend. See RB.
SRCF
Stanford Research Computing Facility.
SRCF-II
Stanford Research Computing Facility annex (planned construction)
SRD
Science, Research and Development division. (LCLS)
SRF
Superconducting RF.
SRF
Superconducting Radio-Frequency.
SRI
Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation
SRL
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (Japan).
SRMS
Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science (conference).
SRR
Site Recommendation Report.
SRR
System Requirements Review
SRS
Savannah River Site. (DOE)
SRS
Synchrotron Radiation Source
SRTL
South Ring To LINAC.
SRX
Sub-micron Resolution X-ray spectroscopy.
SS
Suspended Solids.
SS
Source and Special
SSA
Single Spin Asymmetries.
SSB
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking.
SSB
Science Support Building. See SUSB.
S-SBM
Strangeness-including Statistical Bootstrap Model
SSC
Stop-Start-Continue.
SSD
Silicon Strip Detector. (GLAST)
SSE
Stars and Stellar Evolution.
SSI
SLAC Summer Institute.
SSJ
Single-Source Justification.
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer. A protocol developed by Netscape for transmitting private documents via the internet. SSL works by using a private key to encrypt data that is transferred over the SSL connection. Many web browsers support SSL, and many Web sites use the protocol to obtain confidential user information, such as credit card numbers. Web pages that require an SSL connection start with https instead of http.
SSM
Supersymmetric Standard Model
SSMB
Steady State Micro Bunching
SSO
Single Sign On
SSO
SLAC Site Office. (DOE)
SSOW
SLAC Statement of Work.
SSP
Shared Services Package (Microsoft).
SSP
Site Safety Plan.
SSP
System Security Plan. (OCIO)
SSPM
Solid-State PhotoMultiplier
SSPR
Self-Service Password Reset.
SSRC
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center. (China)
SSRF
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.
SSRL
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. A division of SLAC which does experiments with synchrotron light generated by the SPEAR storage ring. The synchrotron light produced by the SPEAR ring is a relatively narrow bandwidth, `hard' X-Ray spectrum that is very useful in medical research, as well as in crystallography. (Formerly Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory 1977-2008, and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Project 1973-1977.)
SSRLUOEC
SSRL Users' Organization Executive Committee.
SSRO
SLAC Sponsored Research Office.
SSRP
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Project (1973-1977). Became SSRL in 1977.
SSSB
Solid State SuBbooster. The subboosters driving some of the klystrons are solid state (ex. K02, EP02, Rings).
SSSP
Site-Specific Safety Plan.
SSUN
SLAC, Stanford University, NREL. (SIMES)
SSUSY
Second derivative SUperSYmmetry.
STA
SLAC Training Assessment. A process matching training with hazards an individual faces in his/her work.
STA
Science and Technology Agency. Japanese government agency which, along with the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (Monbusho) funds big science in Japan.
STACEE
Solar Tower Atmospheric Cherenkov Effect Experiment. (Sandia)
Standardization
The process of cycling magnet currents through a preset pattern to establish a known hysteresis point in the iron of each magnet. This gives any particular magnet field configuration the necessary repeatability to be useful in beam operations.
Standards
Prescriptive norms which govern action and actual limits on the amount of pollutants or emissions produced. EPA, under most of its responsibilities, establishes minimum standards. States are allowed to be stricter.
Standards Promotion and Application Group
See SPAG.
Standby
See STB.
Standby Maintenance List
A waiting maintenance list updated every morning at the Maintenance Meeting and posted near the MCC door. The list includes the problems, the area, the entry needs or not, and the person to contact.
Standby Timing
The continuous timing and pulsing of a kicker magnet or klystron even when no beam code triggers are present. The Standby time is 15 to 50 microseconds after beam time and is different for each sector to avoid acceleration of dark current. The stations need to be pulsed on standby to keep them warmed up so they will be in time and at the right energy when they are actually used to accelerate the beam.
STANFORD Positron Electron Accelerating Ring
See SPEAR.
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
See SSRL.
STAP
Staff Training Assistance Program. (Stanford University)
STAR
Scientific and Technical Abstracts Reports.
STAR
Science Teachers And Researchers. (SLAC, CSU, Bechtel)
STAR
Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC (BNL)
STAR
Stop Think, Act, Review
Star Network
LAN in which multiple workstations are connected to a central server. All communications must be routed through the central server.
STARE
Survey for Transient Astronomical Radio transmission
STARS
Stanford Training And Registration System
START
Scintillation Tile with mrs Apd light ReadouT.
START
Safety Toward Avoiding Risk Today.
Station
Usually refers to one of the klystrons of the LINAC, together with its modulator and other auxiliary devices necessary for operation.
Status Display Summary
See SDS.
STAU
Supersymmetric TAU
STB
Standby. A klystron CUD message indicating a poor or bad standby timing result. See Standby Timing.
STB
Simple Timing Buffer. A CAMAC timing module which converts differential MECL timing backplane signals to front panel NIM pulses. Used with a PDU.
STCC
Standard Transportation Commodity Code.
Steer
To guide a beam through its preferred optical path using the available corrector magnets and trim windings allocated for that purpose. Since upstream changes in steering magnify effects the further downstream you go, steering is usually done with the aid of computer programs based on mathematical models of the lattice. These are called `Autosteering' programs.
STELLA
Staged Electron Laser Acceleration. (Brookhaven)
STEM
Science Technology Education and Math.
Stepper Motor Controller
See SMC.
STF
Superconducting rf Test Facility (KEK).
STFC
Science and Technology Facilities Council. (UK)
STI
Steel Tank Institute.
STI
Scientific and Technical Information.
STIC
Small angle TIle Calorimeter
STIRAP
STImulated Raman Adiabatic Passage
STLC
Soluble Threshold Limit Concentration. (CCR Title 22)
Stochastic resonance
A nonlinear phenomenon in which random noise optimizes a system's response to a weak signal.
STOP
A trigger used to control the output of the thermionic gun in the injector by changing the bias on the grid. Trigger time is converted to a bias voltage.
Stopper
A PPS device used to stop the beam, usually by allowing a heavy metal slug to pivot into the beam's path.
STORI
an International Conference on Nuclear Physics at Storage Rings, originally called the Symposium on Nuclear Physics at Storage Rings.
STP
Standard Temperature and Pressure.
STPR
STOPPER.
STR
Special Theory of Relativity
STRAW
Thin walled tube chambers.
Streak Camera
A device that measures the time distribution of a light pulse. Used to measure bunch length. Very fast pulses of the order of a nanosecond or less can be measured with a Streak Camera.
Strict Liability
Holds a party responsible for damages irrespective of the amount of care taken in handling a hazardous substance.
STRIPES
Strategic Integrated Procurement Enterprise System (DOE)
STRN
Standard Technical Report Number.
STRP
Staff Tuition Reimbursement Program (Stanford University).
Structured Query Language
See SQL.
STTR
Small business Technology TransfeR. (US Gov't)
STXM
Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope.
SU
Stanford University.
SU-17A
Employee First Report of Injury form
Subbooster
See SBST.
Subbooster Drive Line
See SDL.
Subbooster Interface
See SBI.
Subharmonic Buncher
See SHB.
Subtitle 1
The part of RCRA which pertains to the storage of petroleum products and hazardous substances, other than wastes, in underground tanks.
Subtitle C
The part of RCRA which pertains to the management of hazardous waste.
SUD
Safe Use Determination.
SUGRA
SUperGRAvity
Sulfur Dioxide
See SO2.
SULI
Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship. (Formerly: SLAC Undergraduate Laboratory Internship)
Summarize
To encapsulate a number of responses into one coherent, usable message. Often done on controlled mailing lists or active newsgroups, to help reduce bandwidth.
SUMMIT
Stanford University Medical Media and Information Technology.
SUNCAT
SUstainable eNergy through CATalysis. (SLAC Photon Science initiative)
SUNET
Stanford University NETwork.
Sun's Network Information Service
See NIS.
SUOH
Stanford University OverHead.
Superfish
A modeling program used for CID which includes the S-BAND buncher and K02. It is able to calculate the field in a cavity.
Superfund
See CERCLA.
Supergravity
An enrichment of ordinary general relativity in which the space/ time coordinates are fermionic as well as bosonic. It is an up- dating of general relativity to include fermions just as supersymmetry is an updating of special relativity to take into account that fermions exist.
SuperKamiokande
A neutrino detector built in Japan to observe neutrinos from the Sun and supernovae. The detector is a 50,000 ton water tank that is 41 meters high, 39 meters wide, and surrounded by 11,200 giant photomultiplier tubes. The tubes detect the flashes of Cherenkov radiation produced when the neutrinos interact with the water. The detector is located in a lead-zinc mine under 1000 meters of rock, which filter out the background cosmic rays.
Supersymmetry
A conjectured symmetry between fermions and bosons. Two- dimensional supersymmetry emerged historically from Pierre Ramond's discovery in 1970 of how to incorporate fermions into string theory. Supersymmetry was formulated as a four-dimensional symmetry by Julius Wess and Bruno Zumino in 1974. It was also conceived independently by Yuri Gol'fand and Eugeny Likhtman in 1971.
SURA
Southeastern Universities Research Association.
SURF
Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota)
SUSB
Science and User Support Building.
SUSY
SUperSymmetrY.
SUSYM
SUperSymmetric Yang-Mills.
SUTI
Sensitive Unclassified Technical Information
Suzaku
Astro-E2 / ASTRO-EII. Renamed Suzaku (Red Bird) in July 2005.
SV
Schedule Variance.
SV
Small Velocity
SVAC
Science Verification And Calibration. (GLAST)
SVD
Singular Value Decomposition
SVT
Silicon Vertex Tracker.
SW
Solid Waste.
SW
Seiberg-Witten
SWAA
Satellite Waste Accumulation Area.
SWAT
Solid Waste Assessment Test. (CGC Sec. 66796.53, 66796.54, CWC Sec. 1 3273)
SWG
Science Working Group.
SWG
Space Working Group (SLAC).
SWIC
Scanning Wire Ion Chamber. A precise beam position measuring device used to calculate beam energy.
Swift-BAT
Swift Burst Alert Telescope. (NASA-Goddard)
Switched Multimegabit Data Service
See SMDS.
SWKB
Supersymmetric Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin
SWMB
Solid Waste Management Board (aka CWMB).
SWMR
Single-Writer Multiple-Reader.
SWOPSI
Stanford Workshops On Political and Social Issues.
SWOT
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats.
SWP
Safety Watch Person.
SWPPP
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.
SWRCB
State Water Resources Control Board. (California)
SXNS
Surface X-ray and Neutron Scattering.
SXR
Soft X-Ray materials science instrument. (LCLS)
SXRD
Synchrotron-based surface X-Ray Diffraction.
SXRSS
Soft X-Ray Self Seeding.
SYM
Supersymmetric Yang-Mills
Synchronous Data
Communications in which transmissions are sent at a fixed rate, with the sending and receiving devices synchronized.
Synchrotron Feedback
A damping ring RF feedback system which regulates the longitudinal beam oscillations due to the RF driving forces.
Synchrotron Light
See Synchrotron Radiation.
Synchrotron Oscillation
A longitudinal oscillation induced in an accelerated bunch by the RF driving forces imparted to the bunch by the cavities.
Synchrotron Radiation
When a charged particle such as an electron or positron is bent in a magnetic field, it loses energy in the form of photons (light) which are given off in a direction tangential to the curved path of the charged particle. These photons are called Synchrotron Radiation after the high energy physics machine where they were first observed. The photon energy increases with the 4th power of the beam energy and decreases with the square of the radius of curvature. Synchrotron light, or X-rays, are used for beam observation purposes, for the study of the structure of matter, and for medical research. See also SPEAR.
Synergism
The cooperative interaction of two or more chemicals or other phenomena producing a greater total effect than the sum of their individual effects.
Systems Network Architecture
See SNA.
SYZ
Strominger-Yau-Zaslow.
SZ
Sunyaev-Zeldovich
SZE
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect.

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T

T&DF
Trigger & Data Flow system (GLAST).
T(c
) Critical Temperature (for superconductors).
T/R
Transmit/Receive.
T2K
Tokai to Kamioka (KEK experiment).
TA
Test Accelerator.
TAC
Toxic Air Contaminant. (CH&SC Sec. 39650 et seq)
TAC
Texas Accelerator Center.
TAC
Time to Amplitude or Analog Converter.
TAC
Technical Advisory Committee (Linac Coherent Light Source).
TAG
Temporal Axial Gauge
Taleo
Enterprise management staffing software in use at SLAC.
TAMA
Interferometric gravitational-wave detector. (Japan)
TANGO
an object oriented control system based on CORBA.
TAOS
Taiwanese American Occultation Survey.
TAPS
Two-Arm Photon Spectrometer
TARC
Third-Party Activity Review Committee or The Activity Review Committee reviews and approves activities with external entities (SLAC).
Target Coil
The coil around the positron target.
TARLA
Turkish Accelerator and Radiation Laboratory at Ankara.
TASI
Theoretical Advanced Study Institute.
TASS
TASSo detector (DESY).
Tau Charm Factory
See TCF.
Tauon
Tau-Lepton.
TB
Two Boson
TBA
Two-Beam Accelerator.
TBA
Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz
TBD
Technical Basis Document (ES&H).
TBR
To Be Replaced. A klystron status mode indicating the klystron tube needs replacement.
TC
Toxicity Characteristics.
Tc
critical Temperature (in superconductivity).
TC
Target Changer multiple, beryllium, single foil, liquid H2or D2
TCA
1,1,1-Trichloroethane.
TCAV
Transverse CAVity. (LCLS)
TCE
Trichloroethylene.
TCF
Tau Charm Factory. A very high-luminosity electron- positron collider with a total energy of about 3 to 4.5 GeV. This energy range enables the copious production of tau leptons and charmed mesons by electron-positron annihilation with a minimum of background from other annihilation processes.
TCLP
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. (See 40 CFR, Part 268, Appendix l.)
tcmIS
total chemical Information System.
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol. The major transport protocol in the Internet suite of protocols providing reliable, connection- oriented, full-duplex streams. Uses IP for delivery.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A common computer data standard combining transport and network level protocols. Often used with Ethernet as a physical layer protocol.
TCPIP
See TCP/IP
TCSA
Truncated Conformal Space Approach
TCSG
A secondary collimator at the LHC.
TCW
ThermoCouple Wire.
TD
Transportation Department.
TDAQ Week
Trigger and Data AQuisition Week. (Atlas -- at SLAC)
TDGL
Time-Dependent Ginzburg-Landau
TDHF
Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock.
TDM
Transportation Demand Management.
TDP
Technical Design Phase. (ILC)
TDP-1
Technical Design Phase 1 (ILC).
TDR
Technical Design Report.
TDRSS
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. (GLAST)
TEA
Triethylamine
TEAM
Transformational Energy Action Management.(DOE Initiative)
TEC
Total Estimated Cost.
TEDE
Total Effective Dose Equivalent.
TEK
Twisted Euguchi-Kawai.
Telnet
The Internet standard protocol for remote terminal connection service. Telnet allows a user at one site to interact with a remote timesharing system at another site as if the user's terminal were connected directly to the remote computer.
TEM
Tower Electronics Module. (GLAST)
Ten Finger Box
A section in the DRIP vacuum chamber where ten beam pipes are connected together.
TERA
Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Array. (University of Florida/ Florida Tech)
TERA
TErapia con Radiazioni Adroniche, or Therapy with Hadronic Radiations. part of the Italian foundation for hadron therapy, Fondazione per Adroterapia OncologIca.
Teratogenic
Capable of producing congenital malformations.
Terminal
An interactive station connected to a host computer. Can be classified into four categories: visual display, hard copy, graphics and emulation. A terminal emulation can be done with a microcomputer and the appropriate software. Terminals usually consist of a keyboard, modem or network connection, and video display.
Terminal Server
A small, specialized, networked computer that connects many terminals to a LAN through one network connection. Any user on the network can then telnet to various network hosts. A terminal server can also connect many networks' users to its asynchronous ports.
TERR
Transmitter ERRor.
Tertiary Treatment
Advanced cleaning of wastewater that goes beyond the secondary or biological stage. It removes nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen and most BOD and suspended solids.
TES
Transition Edge Sensors.
TESLA
TeV Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator (DESY)
Tesla
The standard unit of magnetic field strength. A typical non-superconducting magnet has a maximum strength of approximately two tesla.
TESLA-XFEL
TeV Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator X-Ray Free-Electron Laser. (DESY)
TESS
Transitory Exoplanet Survey Satellite.
TeV
Tera Electron Volt (1 trillion electron volts).
TEX
TeX (pronounced `tek'). A text processing program, available for many computers, to create and format text output. TeX is a free typesetting system designed by Stanford's Donald Knuth.
TeX macro
A TeX command that invokes a predefined set of other TeX commands, which may contain other TeX macros or TeX primitive commands.
TeX primitive
A command native to TeX, that is, a command that TeX recognizes when no extra macros are defined.
TFBK
Timing FeedBacK. A feedback used to stabilize kicker timing.
TFD
Thermo Field Dynamics
TFT
Topological Field Theory.
TFXA
Time Focused Xtal Analyzer
TG
Tangential Group
TGAS
Trigger Gate And Synchronization. A module which allows continuous gating of the gun trigger in steps of a few picoseconds. It uses the 178.5 MHz RF synchronized with the 119 MHz of aPDU to allow fine adjustments.
TGC
Thin-Gap Chambers.
TGC
Triple Gauge Couplings
TGM
Toroidal Grating Monochromator
TGP
Tuition Grant Program. (Stanford)
THDM
Two Higgs Doublet Model.
THEO
THEOretical or heavily model-dependent result.
Thermocouple Reference Plane
See TRP.
Thermoluminescent Dosimeter
See TLD.
THI
High intensity transport
THM
TriHaloMethane.
THP
THeoretical Physics. (SLAC)
Threshold Limit Value
See TLV.
Threshold Planning Quantity
See TPQ.
THY
Theory.
Thyratron
A gas filled tube used as a switching device for modulators and for kickers. The tube holds off high voltage until its grid is pulsed, ionizing the gas, and allowing immediate high current flow. Its solid state equivalent is the SCR, or silicon controlled rectifier. See SCR.
Thyratron Reservoir
A device for regulating the ionization gas pressure in a thyratron.
THz
TeraHertz.
TIC
Time Interval Counter.
TID
Technology and Innovation Directorate. (SLAC)
TIFF
Tagged Information File Format.
TILC
The International Linear Collider (workshop).
TIM
Technical Interchange Meeting.
Time Reference
See TREF.
Time Slot
See TS.
Time Slot Separation
The timing jitter or variance between beams on different time slots. It is caused by time varying magnetic or electric fields not synchronous with the incoming AC phase.
Time to Digital Converter
See TDC.
TIMES
Theory Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences
Timing Feedback
See TFBK.
TIPP
Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics, (Conference)
Title 08
The title of the California Code of Regulations which contains regulations promulgated by Cal/OSHA pertaining to worker safety and health.
Title 13
The title of the California Code of Regulations which contains regulations promulgated by the CHP pertaining to the transport of hazardous materials.
Title 19
The title of the California Code of Regulations which contains regulations promulgated by OES pertaining to business emergency plans, area plans, emergency spill notification, and community right-to-know.
Title 22
The title of the California Code of Regulations which contains regulations pertaining to hazardous waste management and other related matters as promulgated by the CDHS.
Title 23
The title of the California Code of Regulations which contains regulations regarding water protection (including underground tanks) as promulgated by the SWRCB.
Title 26
The title of the California Code of Regulations which contains excerpts from other titles pertaining to toxics. This title was created as a convenience to the user. It contains no regulations which are not also located within another of the first twenty-five titles.
TIU
Tone Interrupt Unit. The MPS system uses a 20 to 60 KHz tone signal loop whose interruption by various machine protection monitoring devices will cause the beam to trip off. The tone interrupt units are the interface between the tone loop and these devices.
TIXEL
TIme-resolving piXELated particle detector.
TKR
silicon-strip detector TracKeR (GLAST)
TL
Test Laboratory building.
TL
Team Leader.
TLA
Three-Letter Acronym.
TLC
Taiwan Light Source.
TLC
TeV Linear Collider.
TLD
ThermoLuminescent Dosimeter. Sometimes called a `Film Badge.' Every SLAC employee who has to enter the area inside the radiation fence must be issued, and carry, a TLD at all times.
TLM
TeLeMetry.
TLNG
TooLiNG
TLNGB
TooLiNG Ball.
TLS
ThermoLuminescent Sheet stack (detector). (Japan).
TLV
Threshold Limit Value. Maximum workplace, airborne concentrations to which normal, healthy, adult workers may be exposed daily without adverse effects. Determined by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Also see PEL.
TLV-C
TLV-Ceiling. An occupational exposure standard which should never be exceeded.
TLV-Ceiling
See TLV-C.
TLV-Short Term Exposure Limit
See TLV-STEL.
TLV-STEL
TLV-Short Term Exposure Limit. An occupational exposure standard which is a 15-minute time-weighted average which may not be exceeded more than once in a one-hour period and no more than four times in an eight-hour work shift.
TLV-Time-Weighted Average
See TLV-TWA.
TLV-TWA
TLV-Time-Weighted Average. An occupational exposure standard which is a time-weighted average for a normal 8-hour work day and 40-hour work week.
TMA
Telescope Mount Assembly (LSST).
TMAE
Tetrakis diMethylAmine Ethylene.
T-Matrix
A reference to the Twiss Parameters Matrix.
TMIT
TransMitted InTensity. A sum signal derived from the 4 striplines of a BPM or from a toroid. The TMIT signal is a running indication of the beam's transmission intensity down the machine.
TMO
Time-resolved Atomic, Molecular and Optical Science end station (LCLS-II)
TMR
Tunneling MagnetoResistance
TMS
Travel Management System
TMSK
Trigger MaSK. A 36 bit mask indicating the allowable broadcast pattern of a beam code.
TMTP
Test Move To Production. (OCIO) COMPUTING
TO
Technical Operations.
To Be Replaced
See TBR.
TOC
Technical Operations Committee.
TOC
Total Organic Carbon.
TOC
Trigger Over Current. A Klystron SDS message.
TOF
Time-Of-Flight.
TOFC
Trailer On Flat Car.
TOFF
Time OFFset.
TOKAMAK
Toroidal Magnetic Chamber
TOLS
A set of BDES tolerances in the database for trimming and checking a magnet.
TOMCAT
Server plugin that creates an environment for servlet execution. (GLAST)
Tone Interrupt Unit
See TIU.
Tone Loop
A PPS/MPS system circulating AC signals (tone) throughout selected beam monitoring devices which when interrupted by a fault condition in one of the devices will shut off the machine. It includes a tone transmitter and a tone receiver (Rx) and does not have to be a closed loop. See TIU.
TOO
Target Of Opportunity.
TOP
Technical Operations Procedure.
TOP
TOP of duct.
TOPAZ
TOP And Z. The KEK TRISTAN solenoidal spectrometer with TPC, time projection chamber.
TOPS
A network software package used to communicate between Macintosh computers.
TOPZ
See TOPAZ.
TORI
TORoId.
TORO
TOROid. A beam current monitor which uses transformer action to measure the intensity of a beam pulse. Usually placed around a ceramic gap in the beam pipe.
Toroid
See TORO.
Toroid Charge Monitor
See TCM.
TORR
Named after Torricelli. A unit of pressure equivalent to 1/760 Atmosphere or 133.322 Pascals.
TOTEM
an experiment at CERN, called Total Cross Section, Elastic Scattering and Diffraction Dissociation.
Toxic Cloud
An airborne mass of gases, vapors, fumes, or aerosols containing toxic materials.
Toxicity
The ability of a substance to cause injury once it reaches a susceptible site in or on the body.
TPa
TeraPascal. One trillion Pascals.
TPC
Total Project Cost.
TPCA
Toxic Pits Cleanup Act. (CH&SC Sec. 25122.7, 25208-25208.17)
TPI
Tap changer Position Indicator
TPQ
Threshold Planning Quantity. (from EPCRA)
TPS
Tagged Photon Spectrometer (FNAL)
TPS
Taiwan Photon Source.
TPY
Tons Per Year.
TQ
Technology Quadrupole.
TQFT
Topological Quantum Field Theory
TR
Travel Office.
TRAC
Teachers Research Associate Program.
Track16
Track display program for the 1.6-GeV Magnetic Spectrometer.
Transaction Processing
A major type of networked and shared database application where transactions (such as purchasing an airline ticket) from multiple simultaneous users are immediately recorded in database (or collection of databases), and where the database remains in a continuous state of updated and current transition. Transaction processing implies the existence of a robust underlying management system that ensures the integrity of the database against which the transactions are made, as well as the ability to recover the database to a known point of existence in the event of hardware or software crash.
Transceiver
Transmitter-receiver. The physical device that connects a host interface to a local area network, such as Ethernet. Ethernet transceivers contain electronics that apply signals to the cable and sense collisions.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
See TCP/IP.
Transmitted Intensity
See TMIT.
TRANSPORT
A computer program for designing and modeling charged particle beam transport systems. It is a first and second order matrix multiplication program and was developed at SLAC for designing beam line optical systems.
Transport Layer
An OSI layer that is responsible for reliable end-to-end data transfer between systems.
TRAP
Penning trap.
TRB
Technical design Review Board. (SLAC)
TRC
Total Recordable Cases. A rate defined as the number of cases (accidents) per 200,000 person-hours worked per year.
TRD
Transition Radiation Detector
TREF
Time REFerence. T-Matrix and beam matrix timing delays associated with each individual PDU. It is the time difference between a fiducial and a bunch 1 beam BPM signal arriving at that PDU's crate.
TRG
TRiGger. A klystron SDS message indicating that there are no triggers present.
TRI
Toxic chemical Release Inventory.
Trickle charge
Procedure at SSLR where a small amount of beam is injected every few minutes to keep the stored current steady to within a fraction of a percent.
Trigger
See TRG.
Trigger Gate and Synchronization
See TGAS.
Trigger Mask
See TMSK.
Trigger Multiplexer
See TMUX.
Trigger Over Current
See TOC.
Trim
An operator command to bring a magnet current or a klystron phase to a desired value. If a device has drifted from its book value, `trimming' it will cause the computer to adjust it back to the proper setting.
Triplet
See Final Triplet.
TRIUMF
TRIangle University Meson Facility (Canada)
TRMS
Ratio of RMS TOLS to TOLS.
TRNARND
TuRNARouND.
TRO
Travel Reimbursement Office. (SLAC)
Trombone
In the positron transport system, just after the positrons are created by the source, the beam line makes a 180 degree turnaround called `ETA.' The whole assembly, including B1 Bends, a sextupole, and instrumentation, can physically be moved forward or backward like a trombone slide, causing the path length to vary. This adjusts the time of arrival of the positrons for re-injection into the LINAC at sector 1.
TRP
Thermocouple Reference Plane. A cold junction used as a temperature reference for the 15 thermocouples of a SAM.
TRS
Training Registration System.
TRT
Total Run Time.
TRT
Transition Radiation Tracker
TS
Test Stand (Klystron).
TS
Time Slot. One of the six zero crossings of the 360 Hz 3 phase PG&E power used to generate timing fiducials. At a 120pps rep rate, time slots 1 and 4 are used: at 60pps, time slot 1 or 4 is used.
TSA
Technical Safety Appraisal.
TSC
Terminal Standards Committee.
TSCA
hazardous waste and Toxic Substance Control Act. (15 U.S.C. Sec. 2 601 et seq)
TSCD
Toxic Substances Control Division. A division of California Department of Health Services.
TSD
Treater, Storer, Disposer (ES&H).
TSD Facility
See TSDF.
TSDF
Treatment, Storage, or Disposal Facility (for hazardous waste). (From RCRA.)
TSI
Thermal System Insulation.
TSOM
Transmitter Start Of Message.
TSP
Total Suspended Particulate.
TSP
Titanium Sublimation Pump.
TSP
Theory and Special Projects.
TSR
Technical Safety Requirements
TSS
Total Suspended Solids.
TSSM
TeV scale Supersymmetric Standard Model
TT
Transverse Tracefill
TTC
TESLA Technology Collaboration.
TTE
Time Tagged Event
TTF
TESLA Test Facility.(DESY)
TTHMs
Total TriHaloMethanes.
TTIM
A magnet parameter indicating the last time the magnet was successfully trimmed. A magnet database secondary.
TTLC
Total Threshold Limit Concentration. (CCR Title 22)
TTO
Technology Transfer Office. (SLAC)
TTO
Transfer To Operations.
TTS
Time-To-Spill
TTU
Transportable Treatment Unit.
TUD
Tune Up Dump. A safe place to absorb beam energy during tuning and adjustment.
TULIP
Trilateration Utility for Locating IP hosts.
TUNE
In a storage ring, the fractional part of the quotient when the betatron oscillation frequency (or synchrotron frequency) is divided into the go-around frequency. The whole digit part of this quotient is called the betatron number.
Tune
To adjust the steering, focus, current or energy of a beam to bring it to proper specifications.
Tune Up Dump
See TUD.
Tuple
In relational database systems, a record.
TURTLE
Trace Unlimited Rays Through Lumped Elements. A computer program used to model beam transport optics by simulating the propagation of a beam, one particle at a time.
TV
TeleVision camera.
TWAS
Academy of Sciences for the Developing World. (Known as TWAS for its original name, Third World Academy of Sciences).
TWC
Talk, Walk and Clean (Safety Stand-down).
TWG
Technical Working Group (2006).
Twiss
See TWSP.
Twiss Parameter
See TWSP.
Twisted Pair
Cable made up of a pair of insulated copper wires wrapped around each other to cancel the effects of electrical noise.
TWSP
TWiSs Parameter. The beam ellipse is given by the matrix: s11 s12 b a = e s21 s22 a g, where e, b, a, g are the beam parameters: emittance, betafunction, Alpha and gamma respectively. These parameters have historically been known as the Twiss Parameters after the physicist R.Q. Twiss.
TWT
Traveling-Wave Tube.
TWTA
Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifiers.
TX
Tone Transmitter. See Tone Loop.
TXI
Tender X-ray Instrument (LCLS-II)
TXM
Transmission X-ray Microscopy.
TXRF
Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence.

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U

U Wastes
A federal list of non-acute hazardous wastes.
U.S.C.
United States Code.
UA1
Underground Area 1. The name of a detector, and the related experiment, at CERN.
UA2
Underground Area 2. The name of an experiment, and the related detector, at CERN.
UA5
UA5 detector at CERN.
UAT
User Acceptance Test. (Computing)
U-AVLIS
Uranium-Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (LLNL)
UC
UltraCentrifugation.
UCN
UltraCold Neutron
UCP
Unique Continuation Property.
UCPF
Universal Chiral Partition Function
UDP
User Datagram Protocol. A transport protocol in the Internet suite of protocols. UDP, like TCP, uses IP for delivery however, unlike TCP, UDP provides for exchange of datagrams without acknowledgments or guaranteed delivery.
UEC
Users Executive Committee.
UED
Ultrafast Electron Diffraction.
UEL
Upper Explosive Limit or Upper Flammable Limit (UFL). The maximum percentage of a substance in air which will ignite. See also LEL and Flammability Range.
UEM
Ultrafast Electron Microscopy.
UF
UltraFiltration.
UFC
Uniform Fire Code.
UFC
UltraFast science Center. (Stanford)
UFL
See UEL.
UFVA
Unclassified Foreign Visits and Assignments. (DOE)
UGC
Uppsala General Catalogue of Galaxies.
UGPS
University Grant Program Subpanel.(DOE and NSF)
UH
Undulator Hall (LCLS).
UHE
Ultra High Energy.
UHECR
Ultra High-Energy Cosmic Rays.
UHF
Ultra High Frequency. Allocated band of radio frequencies from 300 Megahertz (MHz) to 3,000 MHz.
UHV
Ultra High Vacuum. The vacuum condition below about 10 exp (-6) TORR. Storage rings operate two to four orders of magnitude under UHV.
UI
User Interface.
UIC
Underground Injection Control. (from SDWA)
UIMS
User Interface Management System. UIMSes are high-level GUI building tools. On the same underlying data, you can relatively easily create different types of user interfaces. UIMSes are also called GUI builders.
UKQCD
United Kingdom Quantum Dynamics Collaboration.
UL
Underwriters Laboratory.
Ultra High Frequency
See UHF.
Ultra High Vacuum
See UHV.
ULXs
Ultra-Luminous compact X-ray sources.
UML
Unified Modeling Language.
UN/NA
United Nations/North American hazardous materials code.
UND
UNDulator.
UND
UNDer
Underground Area 1
See UA1.
Underground Area 2
See UA2.
Undulator
A permanent magnet, used like a wiggler, to generate more synchrotron light by causing the beam to bend rapidly back and forth.
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.
Uninterruptible Power Supply
See UPS.
Universities Research Association
See URA.
UNIX
A computer operating system developed by AT&T. It is available on a wide variety of computing platforms. It is noted for its portability and interactive software tools.
Unix to Unix Copy Program
See UUCP.
UNP
Unbounded Nano Particle.
Unsaturated Zone
A subsurface zone containing water under pressure less than that of the atmosphere, including water held by capillarity, and containing airs or gases generally under atmospheric pressure. It is limited above by the land surface and below by the water table. Synonym: Vadose Zone.
UO
Users Organization.
UOEC
Users Organization Executive Committee.
UOR
Unusual Occurrence Report.
UPK
User Productivity Kit. (PeopleSoft).
Upper Explosive Limit
See UEL.
Upper Flammable Limit
See UEL.
UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supply. An emergency power supply used in PPS systems where power must not be interrupted for safety reasons. Consists of a large bank of batteries and control circuitry.
UPSTR
UPSTReam
URA
User Research Administration (SSRL, LCLS)
URA
Universities Research Association. The governing body for Fermilab and the former SSC.
URI
Uniform Resource Identifier. The generic term for all types of names and addresses that refer to objects on the World Wide Web. A URL is one kind of URI.
URL
Uniform Resource Locator. Standardized formatted entities within hyper-text documents which specify a network service or document to establish a link.
URM
Under Represented Minorities
URQMD
UltraRelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamic.
USA
Unconventional Stellar Aspect satellite experiment.(Group K)
USAXS
Ultra Small-Angle X-ray Scattering.
USC
Ultrafast Science Center (SLAC)
USCG
United States Coast Guard.
USDA
United States Department of Agriculture.
USDW
Underground Source of Drinking Water.
USGBC
U.S. Green Building Council.
USGS
United States Geological Survey.
USI
Unreviewed Safety Issue.
USLCSG
United States Linear Collider Steering Group.
USN
United States Navy.
USPAS
United States Particle Accelerator School. A twice-yearly school that rotates among research universities throughout the U.S. and draws faculty from a variety of institutions to teach intensive courses on beam science and technology.
USPHS
United States Public Health Service.
USR
Ultimate Storage Ring.(proposed) A light source designed to produce brighter X-ray beams than the current synchrotrons can offer.
USSKA
United States Square Kilometer Array Consortium.
UST
Underground Storage Tank.
USTC
University of Science and Technology of China.
USW
United Stanford Workers.
UT
Upper Transformer
Utah Steel
460 tons of mild steel was obtained by SLAC from the University of Utah Neutrino Facility in 1975 that was subsequently used to fabricate a large number of magnets at SLAC for SLC, PEP and LCLS
UTEP
University of Texas at El Paso. (SSRL Gateway Partner)
UTIC
Universal Time Interval Counter.
UTR
University Technical Representative.
UTS
Ultramedia Tools Series. OS/2, Windows, and DOS multimedia software products for authoring, graphics, audio, animation, and video that share common file formats and a similar user interface.
UUCP
Unix to Unix Copy Protocol. A protocol used for copying files between consenting UNIX systems, and for handling e-mail. Mostly superseded, but still used in low budget situations.
UV
UltraViolet
UX
User eXperience.
UXSS
Ultrafast X-ray Summer Seminar

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V

V.32, V.32bis, V.42, V.42bis
CCITT-based standards for modem communication. V.32 covers speeds up to 9,600 bps. V.32bis covers modem communication at speeds up to 14,400 bps. V.42 covers error correction by V.32-compliant modems. V.42bis covers data compression by V.32-compliant modems.
VAC
VACuum Group.
VAC
Volts Alternation Current
VACG
VACuum Gauge.
VACT
Value ACTual. Equivalent to BACT for devices other than magnets that use DAC / SAM control and read-back.
Vadose Zone
See Unsaturated Zone.
Value Actual
See VACT.
VAP
Vendor-Acquired Property.
VAP
Vector Axial-vector Pseudoscalar
Vapor
A gaseous form of a liquid or a solid, such as water vapor.
Vapor Density
The ratio of the density of a vapor to the density of air.
Vapor Pressure
The pressure exerted by a vapor against the sides of a closed container. It is temperature dependent.
VAR
Voltage Amp Reactive
Variable Voltage Substation
See VVS.
Variance
Government permission for a delay or exception in the application of a given law, ordinance, or regulation.
VATLY
Vietnam Auger Training LaboratorY.
VATValve
A type of vacuum valve. VAT is the brand name of this fully closing valve. Vat valves are also called `Slow Valves.'
VB
Vertical Bend.
VBF
Vector Boson Fusion.
VC
Vertex Chamber.
VCO
Voltage Controlled Oscillator.
VCS
Virtual Compton Scattering
VD
Volume Damper
VDC
Volts Direct Current
VDI
Voluntary Disability Insurance.
VDU
Vernier Delay Unit. Allows 0-10 nsec of time delay for a NIM trigger.
VE
Value Engineering.
VEC
Volitional Engineering Controls. (ES&H)
VECC
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (Calcutta)
VEF
Vietnam Education Foundation. (US)
VELO
VErtex LOcator. (LHCb)
VEP
Violations of the Equivalence Principle
VEPP
See NOVO VEPP
VERITAS
Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array. Cherenkov telescope at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO) in southern Arizona, USA.
Vernier Delay Unit
See VDU.
Versaterm
A file transfer and communication protocol for using a MAC or a PC as a terminal. Versaterm is a commercial communication program for interfacing PCs to mainframes.
Very High Frequency
See VHF.
VES
Vertex Spectrometer Facility at 70 GeV IHEP accelerator.
VETO
A CAMAC module that receives fault information and sends it to micros in order to flag corrupted data to BPMPs or other detectors. The klystron veto system provides a fast signal to all micros that a klystron has missed firing on a beam pulse. Originally designed to gate the experimenter's detection equipment off on pulses that are of the wrong energy due to a misfiring klystron.
VGC
Vacuum Gauge Controller. Monitors vacuum at every klystron/ modulator. Interrupts trigger to modulator when klystron vacuum is bad.
VHAP
Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutant.
VHC
Vaden Health Center. (Stanford)
VHDL
VHSIC Hardware Description Language.
VHE
Very High-Energy
VHF
Very High Frequency. Allocated band of radio frequencies from 30 Megahertz (MHz) to 300 MHz.
VHRA
Very High Radiation Area.
VHSIC
Very High Speed Integrated Circuit.
Vi
Visual Interface. Developed by Bill Joy, Vi became the de facto standard UNIX editor until the rise of EMACS after 1984. It is still widely used.
Video Digitizer Clock Interface
See VDCI.
Video Distribution System
See VDST.
VIDMAN
Virtuelle Institut für Dunkle Materie und Neutrinophysik. (dark matter and neutrino physics)
VIKHOS
Virtuelles Institut für Hochenergiestrahlungen aus dem KOSmos. (high-energy radiation from the cosmos)
VIPAC
Virtual Institute for PArticle Cosmology.
VIPER
VIsualization for PingER.
VIRGO
a Michelson laser interferometer.
Virtual Memory System
See VMS.
VIRUS
Visible Integral-field Replicable Unit Spectrograph.
Virus
A program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your knowledge and runs against your wishes. Most viruses can also replicate themselves. All computer viruses are manmade. A simple virus that can make a copy of itself over and over again is relatively easy to produce. Even such a simple virus is dangerous because it will quickly use all available memory and bring the system to a halt. An even more dangerous type of virus is one capable of transmitting itself across networks and bypassing security systems.
VISA
Visible to Infrared SASE Amplifier.
VISAR
Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (LCLS)
VIWG
Vertical Integration Working Group (ES&H).
VLA
Very Large Array.
VLAM
Vertical LAMbertson. See Septum.
VLBA
Very Long Baseline Antenna (Arizona).
VLF
Very Low Frequency
VLHC
Very Large Hadron Collider. A facility, now in the planning stages, to collide beams of protons and antiprotons with energies of 50 - 100 TeV per beam.
VLI
Violations of Lorentz Invariance
VLK
Very Large Key (LCLS).
VLM
Very Low Mass
VLPC
Visible Light Photon Counter
VLQ
Very Low Q**2.
VLSI
Very Large-Scale Integration.
VLSP
Virtual Lightest Supersymmetric Particle
VLT
Very Large Telescope. (Chile)
VLT
Valiant Little Terminal. A terminal emulation program for the Amiga.
VLT
Visible Light Transmission. The amount of visible light passing through a filter, weighted for the response of the human eye, expressed as a percentage.
VM
Virtual Memory.
VMD
Vector Meson Dominance
VMDD
Vacuum microwave Devices Department. (SLAC)
VME
Versa Module Eurocard. A computer architecture. The VMEbus is a standard of industry used in data acquisition in detectors (BaBar) and controls for the accelerator (feedback system)
VMI
Velocity Map Imaging spectrometer.
VMO
Very Massive Objects
VO
Vacuum oscillations
VOC
Volatile Organic Compounds.
VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol
Volatilization
Vaporizing or evaporating quickly. Volatilization rate is a function of turbulence, temperature, and vapor pressure of the liquid.
VPN
Virtual Private Network
VPP-ISMS
Voluntary Protection Program - Integrated Safety Management System .
VRO
Vera Rubin Observatory (LSST)
VRVS
Virtual Room Videoconferencing System.
VSE
Vision for Space Exploration. (NASA)
VSED
Vacuum Science and Engineering Department.
VSFT
Vacuum String Field Theory.
VT
Video Terminal. See VDT.
VT100
A type of computer terminal made by Digital Equipment Corporation. Many terminals emulate VT100 to be compatible with servers and software. Macs and PCs can also emulate VT100.
VTK
Visualization Tool Kit.
VTO
Variable Tap-Off
VTR
Vent Thru Roof
VUE
Visitor, User and Employee center. (SLAC)
VUV
Vacuum UltraViolet.
VVDZ
Van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov.
VVS
Variable Voltage Substation. The AC power supplies for the klystron modulators in the LINAC. Each VVS feeds two sectors of the LINAC. They are remotely controlled to provide from three to six hundred volts to the modulator power supplies. Also called Variable Voltage Sources.
VXD
VerteX Detector

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W

W
Watt.
W
Wall (abbreviation used in SLAC drawings)
W3
See WWW.
W3C
World Wide Web Consortium. An international consortium of organizations involved with the Internet and the Web. W3C's purpose is to develop open standards so that the Web evolves in a single direction.
WA
Work Authorization.
WAA
Waste Accumulation Area.
WAC
Waste Acceptance Criteria.
WAH
Word-Aligned Hybrid, a type of compression method.
Wakefield
The field created by a bunch of charged particles as it passes through a beam pipe. The charges induced in the wall of a beam pipe by the leading edge of the bunch have an effect (usually bad) on the tail of the bunch. If the beam is centered, wakefields will cancel each other by symmetry, but if the beam is closer to one wall, the tail will be attracted to this wall resulting in a `banana' shaped bunch (Transverse Wakefield). A wakefield also can be created in RF cavities by the loading effect: the tail gets less energy than the head of the bunch (Longitudinal Wakefield). The deceleration on parts of the bunch caused by wakefields can be up to 2 GeV.
WALTA
Washington Large-scale Time-coincidence Array.
WAMC
Wrap-Around Mode Converter.
WAN
Wide Area Networking.
WAPA
Western Area Power Administration.
Warm Ion Calorimeter
See WIC.
Warning Property
A sign, such as odor, taste, or irritation, that a respirator is beginning to lose its effectiveness.
WaRP
WIMP Argonne Programme.
Warp
LBNL accelerator simulation code.
WarpX
LBNL accelerator simulation code combined with the BoxLib high-resolution refinement tool to create a new code for future exascale computing architectures.
WAS
Work AuthorizationS
WASM
A simple standalone x86 assembler, originally shipped with Version 10.0 of Watcom C/C++.
Water Table
The surface of an unconfined aquifer at which the pressure is atmospheric. It is the level at which water stands in wells that penetrate the uppermost part of an aquifer.
WAX
Wide-Angle Xray.
WB
WeBer unit
WBS
Work Breakdown Structure.
WBT
Web-Based Training.
WCLG
Water CooLinG
WD
White Dwarf.
WDR
Waste Discharge Requirements. (issued by RWQCB)
WDTS
Workforce Development for Teachers & Scientists (DOE)
WDVV
Witten-Dijkgraaf-Verlinde-Verlinde
Web Page
An HTML file viewable on the World Wide Web. Associated with the page itself, there may be other kinds of Web files like Postscript , PDF, image, movie, and sound files.
Web Server
A computer that delivers (serves up) Web pages. Every Web server has an IP address and possibly a domain name. For example, if you enter the URLhttp://www.slac.stanford.edu/detailed.html in your browser, this sends a request to the server whose domain name is slac.stanford.edu. The server then fetches the page named detailed.html and sends it to your browser.
WEFTEC
Water Environment Federation's annual Technical Exhibition and Conference.
West Turn Around
See WTA.
WET
Whole-Earth Telescope.
WET
Waste Extraction Test. (CCR Title 22)
WFIRST
Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope.
WFO
Work For Others.
WFO
Wave Function Origin
WFPC2
Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2
WG
Working Group.
WG1
A klystron summary display message indicating that there is a problem with the waveguide water cooling system (flow switch #1).
WGV
A klystron SDS message indicating that there is waveguide vacuum fault.
WHA
tungsten heavy alloy
WHDL
Watt-Hour Demand Limiter
WHIM
Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium.
WHONDRS
Worldwide Hydrobiogeochemistry Observation Network for Dynamic River Systems (DOE)
Wiggler
A type of bend magnet designed for the purpose of creating synchrotron radiation by `wiggling' the beam rapidly to and fro. See Undulator.
WIMP
Weakly Interacting Massive Particle.
WIP
Work Integration Plan. Used to document the coordination of red work. (SLAC ES&H)
WIPP
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (Carlsbad, NM).
WIRE
Wide-field InfraRed Explorer.
WIRE
Wire chamber.
Wire Scanner
Wire scanners are beam profile monitors used to provide accurate measurements of beam size and position in all three planes (vertical, horizontal and longitudinal) for beam feedback systems and beam optimization procedures. Components include wires capable of being moved precisely through the path of a beam, and a detector which can accurately measure the amount of charge striking a wire. When in use, a wire is scanned across the path of a beam, and a plot of wire position versus beam intensity is generated that represents the beam profile. Wire scanners are used to measure the emittance of the beam.
WIRED
World-wide-web Interactive Remote Event Display. A general purpose particle physics event display program developed by Mark Donszelmann of CERN.
WISE
Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. (NASA)
WISP
Weakly Interacting Suv-eV Particle.
WKB
Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (a method of calculating wave functions)
WKL
A klystron summary display message indicating that there is a problem with the klystron water system.
WL
Working Level. A unit of measure for documenting exposure to radon decay products. One working level is equal to approximately 200 picocuries per liter.
WLCG
Worldwide Lhc Computing Grid.
WLD
Water LoaD
WLDMT
WeLDMenT
WLM
Working Level Month. A unit of measure used to determine cumulative exposure to radon.
WM
Waste Management / Minimization. (ES&H)
WMAC
Wrap-around Mode Converter
WMAP
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe.
WONDER
Workshop On Next Dark-matter Experimental Research.
Working Level
See WL.
Working Level Month
See WLM.
Workstation
A networked computer which typically has more power than a PC or Macintosh, but less power than a minicomputer.
WORM
Write Once, Read Many.
Worm
A computer program which replicates itself. The Internet Worm was perhaps the most famous. It successfully (and accidentally) duplicated itself on systems across the Internet.
WP
Work Package.
WPAC
Work Planning And Control.
WPC
Work Planning and Control (Also shown as WP&C)
WPI
World Premier International research center initiative. (Japan)
WS
Wire Scanner.
WSBK
W-Band Sheet Beam Klystron.
WSCNR
Wire SCaNneR.
WSF
A klystron summary display message indicating that the water summary has a fault.
WSP
Work-Study Program.
W/SR
Watt per SteRadian
WSRF
Web Service Resource Framework from OASIS.
WSS
Work Smart Standards.
WTA
West Turn Around. A reference to that part of the positron beam transport line that makes a 180 degree turn and returns to sector 1.
WUS
Workshop on Undulator Systems (for Free Electron Lasers).
WWS
WorldWide Study (of physics and detectors for the ILC).
WWSOC
WorldWide Study Organising Committee (ILC).
WWTP
Waste Water Treatment Plant.
WWW
World-Wide-Web. The leading information retrieval service of the Internet (the worldwide computer network). The Web gives users access to a vast array of documents that are connected teach other by means of hypertext or hypermedia. Developed by Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN in 1990.
WYSIWYG
"What You See Is What You Get." Used to describe word processors and editors which allow you to edit an exact facsimile of what will be printed, including equations, figures, etc."
WZ
Wess-Zumino
WZNW
Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten
WZW
Wess-Zumino-Witten

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X

X
cross.
X Corrector
See XCOR.
X Recommendations
The CCITT documents that describe data communication network standards. Well-known ones include: X.25 Packet Switching standard, X.400 Message Handling System, and X.500 Directory Services.
X Window System (TM)
A popular window system developed by MIT and implemented on a number of workstations.
X/Open
A group of computer manufacturers that promotes the development of portable applications based on UNIX. They publish a document called the X/Open Portability Guide.
XAFS
X-ray Absorption Fine Structure.
XANES
X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structures.
XAS
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy.
XBBM
X Length Bunch Monitor.
XCOR
X CORrector. A small dipole magnet acting in the horizontal plane. Sometimes anXCOR is a trim winding on a larger bend magnet.
X-COW
Two work stations used as a COW. One of the stations is used for display only, the other for a cursor selectable menu (uses DECXWINDOW).
XCS
X-ray Correlation Spectroscopy (LCLS).
XENIX
A version of UNIX originally from Microsoft, now from SCO (Santa Cruz Organization).
XENON
Experiment proposed in 2002 using the dual phase type projection chamber approach to detect WIMP dark matter directly.
XES
eXperimental End Stations. (LCLS)
XES
X-ray Experimental Systems. (LCLS)
XFD
eXperimental Facilities Division (LCLS).
XFDSO
eXperimental Facilities Division Safety Office (LCLS).
XFEL
X-ray Free Electron Laser.
XFELO
XFEL Oscillator
XFO
X-ray Facilities Operations. (SLAC)
XIP
X-ray Improvement Project. (LCLS)
XKMS
XML Key Management System.
XLAM
X-ray Laboratory for Advanced Materials. Name changed to SIMES in 2008.
XLDB
eXtremely Large Databases (workshop).
XLEAP
X-ray Laser-Enhanced Attosecond Pulse
XM-2
SoftX-ray microscopy facility (ALS).
XMASS
Cold dark matter search using liquid Xenon (Kamioko Observatory)
XMC
X-ray Monte Carlo.
XML
eXtensible Markup Language. A pared-down version of SGML, designed especially for Web documents. It enables designers to create their own customized tags to provide functionality not available with HTML. For example,XML supports links that point to multiple documents, as opposed to HTML links, which can reference just one destination each.
XMM-N
X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission - Newton. Launched by an Ariane 504 on December 10, 1999. (ESA)
Xmosaic
AnX11/Motif WWW browser developed by National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).
XPCS
X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy
XPD
X-ray Powder Diffraction.
XPEEM
X-ray PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy.
XPP
X-ray Pump Probe (LCLS).
XPS
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
XPSCL
X-ray Phase Safety Checklist. (LCLS)
XPUS
Interchangeable Processing Units.
XRAFEL
X-ray Regenerative Amplifier Free Electron Laser
XRB
X-Ray Background
XRD
X-Ray Diffraction.
XRD-F
X-Ray Diffraction and Fluorescence facility. (SSRL)
XRF
X-Ray Fluorescence. Biological rapid scanning imaging technique.
XROOTD
A highly scalable architecture for data access.
XRT
X-Ray Telescope.
XRT
X-Ray Tunnel (LCLS)
XSPRT
cross SuPpoRT.
XSS
cross-Site Scripting. (Computing)
XT
X Toolkit Intrinsics. A C library to create and use interface components called widgets to build GUIs. Pre-built collections of widgets are available like the Motif widget set.XT provides a higher level of screen and input manipulation than theXlib C library.
XTC
eXtended Tag Container.
XTCAV
X-band radio frequency deflector.
XTES
X-ray Transport and Experimental Systems, also known as FEE (Front -End Enclosure)
XTH
X-ray Transport Hall. (LCLS)
XTOD
X-ray beam Transport, Optics and Diagnostics.
XUV
eXtreme-UltraViolet
X-Windows
A standard protocol for computer display windows and graphics developed by MIT and available for most computers. DECWINDOW is the version for VAXes and microvaxes, MACX is the version for MACs.

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Y

Y Corrector
See YCOR.
YAG laser
neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Nd:Y3Al5O12.
YBCO
Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide
YCOR
Y CORrector. A dipole magnet acting on the vertical position and angle of a particle.
YFS
Yennie-Frautschi-Suura
YITP
C N Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics (Stony Brook University )
YM
Yang-Mills
YN
hYperon-Nucleon
YOP
Youth Opportunity Program.
YP
Yellow Pages. See NIS.

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Z

Z
A fundamental particle with the same quantum numbers as the photon, but with a mass of 91.16 GeV. Like the W- and W+ particles, the Z is a carrier of the electroweak force. Discovered at CERN in 1983, the production and study of this neutral intermediate boson is the object of the SLC.
ZDR
Zeroth-Order Design Report (NLC).
ZEPLIN
ZonEd Proportional scintillation in Liquid Noble gases. (UK)
Zeta
The Greek letter (Z) used for the chromatic aberration function.
Zevatron
Hypothetical, highly exotic source capable of accelerating particles to 1 ZeV.
ZTA
Zero Trust Architecture
ZWP
Zero Waste Program.

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