Level-2 Missing ET Trigger for the ATLAS experiment


Project Describtion

Many of the events that are expected at the LHC will contain a large amount of missing transverse energy due to particles that do not interact with the detector, such as neutrinos or new supersymmetric particles. The non-interactions of such particles with the detector material appears as an imbalance of the total transverse energy of the event, which is defined as missing transverse energy (MET). Missing transverse energy is a powerful variable to discrminate against background events, but at the same time the MET computation is very sensitive to detector effects. As a consequence events with large MET values can be reconstructed where the MET is fake, i.e. originates from mismeasured jets or detector acceptance effects (cracks in detector acceptance).

The ATLAS trigger is a three level system which is designed to reject background events as early as possible in the trigger chain. Events are first processed at the Level-1 trigger, which identifies interesting physics objects (e.g. jets, electrons or large MET) above a given energy threshold. At this stage only coarse information from the detector is available. In the second level trigger (Level-2) the identified objects are reconstructed using the full granularity of the detector, which improves the energy and the position resolution of the objects. Finally the third trigger level, the Event Filter (EF) has the full event available for further refinement.

Currently there is no L2 MET algorithm implemented in the ATLAS High-Level Trigger (HLT). The reason for this is the limited time budget of O(40ms) for processing an event at L2., which is a basic requirement for all Level-2 algorithms. The time constraint at Level-2 does not allow the computation of the MET with the full ATLAS calorimeters, which consists of more than 200000 channels. Two solutions are envisaged to have a L2 MET algorithm that are currently being developed by the SLAC group:

Level-2 mHT trigger

The first is based on the so-called mHT. In that case the missing transverse energy is computed based on the information from jets. The jet information is obtained from the L2 algorithm. The advantage of this algorithm is that it can use the jets from the Level-2 trigger and simply adds components of the transverse momentum of the Level-2 jets. Hence it should be very fast. Furthermore it is robust, since it contains only well defined objects (Level-2 jets) problems can be pinned down more easily than when using a calorimeter cell based MET computation. The disadvantage of this method is that it is very sensitive to the Level-2 jet energy scale.

Project tasks

The aim for this summer is to study the performance of this algorithm in terms of resolution and rejection power. From this study we will have to define a set of threshold variables for the trigger menu which is guided by the physics program of the ATLAS experiment. For this study a data sample of simulated QCD events will be produced using the ATLAS software tools. The produced data sample is saved in files readable in ROOT which can be used for the analysis. Since this a new algorithm it offers the possibility to participate from the implementation into the ATLAS software framework to the final analysis of the algorithm. All algorithms are written in C++ and configured through a Python interface, therefore some object oriented programming experience is and advantage, but not a prerequisite.

Level-2 MET trigger using LAr Front-End Boards

The second solution is based on the information from the LAr Front-End Boards. The Front-End Boards receive signals from 128 calorimeter channels, which are summed and create partial energy sums, Ex, Ey and Ez. This computation happens in hardware and the basic idea is to transfer only the information from the FEB instead of the individual channels. Hence, a large fraction of processing is done in hardware and more time for the actual Level-2 MET algorithm is at hand. Previous studies have shown that the performance in terms of resolution is comparable to the MET obtained based on the individual calorimeter channels. This has been tested successfully at the Event Filter level, but has not been implemented at L2 yet. The challenge for this method is the data transfer from the Level-1 trigger to the Level-2 processors.

Project tasks

In this project also the analysis of the algorithm in terms of resolution and efficiency is planned. This requires the production of simulated data and the analysis of the final data files using for example ROOT. If interested, there are also some technical challenges that need to be addressed, mainly the data transfer from the Level-1 trigger elements to the Level-2 processors. As with the project presented above, the analysis framework is written in C++ and uses Python as an interface to configure the aglorithms.

Contacts

Ignacio Aracena