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------------------------------------------------------- login Logs you in to the computer you want to use. logout Logs you off the computer you have been using. -------------------------------------------------------Browsing
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- head test Displays first 10 lines of the file named test. head -25 test Displays first 25 lines of the file named test. more longfile Displays file longfile a screenful at a time; press the space bar to continue tail test Displays last 10 lines of the file named test. tail -5 test Displays last 5 lines of the file named test. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Command History
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history Reviews most recent commands.
script Starts recording of any subsequent interaction; type exit to stop recording. The file
typescript will hold text of recorded session.
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Communication
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biff n Tells the computer not to notify you as soon as you receive any new mail.
Tells the computer to notify you as soon as you receive any new mail.
Enters mail program to read mail.
biff y
mail
h shows headers of your mail messages.
? shows other options.
number (the message number) displays mail message with that number.
d number (the message number) deletes mail message with that number.
s number filename saves the message with the number you specify in the
file filename.
q quits the mail program, appending any messages you
have read to the mbox file (your personal Mailbox File).
x quits the mail program, leaving any messages in the
computer Mailbox File (where all mail is stored until it
is read).
mail jane .Sends mail to the user jane on the same computer. ype message body and end with
CTRL-d.
mesg n Prevents others from using the write or talk command to communicate with you
mesg y Allows others to use the write or talk command to communicate with you.
talk smith Initiates interactive text discussion with logged-in user jsmith. Use CTRL-c to quit.
telnet sscvx1 Allows you to connect to the computer SSCVX1.
write jsmith Sends short message to logged-in user jsmith. Type messages and end with CTRL-d
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cmp file1 file2 Shows the location in file1 where the first difference between the two files occurs. diff file1 file2 Displays differences between files file1 and file2. grep computer intro.doc Displays all lines in file intro.doc that contain the string computer. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Directory Commands
---------------------------------------------------------------- cd .. Changes to directory one level above. cd docs/trg Changes to subdirectory docs/trg. cd /usr/bin Changes to /usr/bin directory. mkdir testdir Creates a new subdirectory called testdir. pwd Prints name of the working directory. rmdir testdir Removes subdirectory testdir (must be empty). ----------------------------------------------------------------File Commands
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cat part1.doc part2.doc Strings together the files part1.doc and part2.doc, writing its output on stdout.
cp srcfile destfile Copies the file srcfile to destfile.
ftp slacvx Allows transfer of files to or from remote computer slacvx.
get ftp command Transfers a file from the remote computer to your computer.
send ftp command Transfers a file from your computer to the remote computer.
ls Lists files in directory showing which ones are subdirectories, executables, etc. This
is the SLAC alias for ls -F
ls -a Lists files in directory including dot files.
ls -l Lists files in directory in long form (i.e., with additional information).
mv oldfile newfile Moves or renames file oldfile to newfile.
rm badfile.tmp Permanently removes file badfile.tmp.
rm -i *.c Removes all files with suffix .c, but asks for confirmation on each file.
sort filename Reorders the lines contained in the file filename alphanumerically.
spell filename Spellchecks the contents of the file filename.
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Help
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- aid unix Pointer to information about UNIX. apropos files Same as man -k. man diff Displays manual page for the diff command. man -k files Displays commands related to keyword files. man man Displays information about the online manual. man csh Displays documentation on commands that are built into the C shell. man command Displays documentation on the specified command. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Miscellaneous
----------------------------------- date Displays the date and time. -----------------------------------Other Users
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- finger jsmith Displays user information on jsmith. finger sysop@slacvx Displays user information on sysop on remote computer slacvx. w Shows who and what all logged-in users are doing. who Tells you who is logged in to the computer. whoami Displays information on the user logged on to this terminal only. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Password
---------------------------------------- passwd Changes your current password. ----------------------------------------Print Commands
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lpq Shows default printer queue. lpq -Pcadsun2 Shows the cadsun2 printer queue. lpr filename Prints file filename to the default printer. lpr -Pcadsun2 filename Prints file filename to the printer cadsun2. lprm 34 Removes current user's print job 34 from the default print queue. ls | lpr -Pcadsun2 Prints the output of the ls command on cadsun2. pr unix.doc | lpr Produces headers printed on each page of the file unix.doc. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Security
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chmod a+x test Make file text be executable by all users. chmod g-r,o-r test Denies the users in the group and others read access to the file named test. groups Displays the group(s) to which you belong. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Shell Related
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alias Shows all current aliases.
alias dir ls -l Assigns the alias dir to the command ls -l.
unalias dir Removes the alias for dir.
echo $workdir Shows the value assigned to shell variable workdir.
exit Leaves any shell.
history Shows n most recent commands as specified by value n of history shell
variable.
set With no argument, lists shell variables and their values.
set history=20 Sets the shell variable history to 20.
set noclobber When added to .cshrc file, prevents accidentally overwriting an existing
file with the > character.
set path=(path) Sets your search path to the directories listed within parentheses. Do
not separate directories with commas.
set prompt="prompt'' Sets the prompt to be what you specify within the quotation marks.
set term=vt100 Sets your terminal type to vt100. Use appropriate terminal type.
source .cshrc Runs the commands in the .cshrc file.
printenv Prints environment variables and their values.
setenv PRINTER cadsun2 Sets the environment variable PRINTER to cadsun2. Notice the capital
ization and spaces.
unsetenv PRINTER Undefines the environment variable PRINTER; lpr will then use the sys
tem default printer.
unalias dir Remove the alias for dir.
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System Activity
----------------------------------------------------------------------- uptime Displays information concerning the status of the computer. -----------------------------------------------------------------------Text Editing
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emacs unix.doc Starts the emacs text editor and opens the file unix.doc so you can edit it.
CTRL-x CTRL-c Exits the editor; returns you to the prompt.
CTRL-x CTRL-s Saves your work. Writes the contents of the buffer (or work space) over
the original file.
CTRL-x CTRL- Editor prompts you for the name of the file where it should save the buffer.
w
CTRL-z Suspends the editor. The editor remembers your files and buffers so you
can begin where you stopped when you issue the command fg.
fg Resumes the editor stopped with CTRL-z. The editor remembers your files and buffers so
you can resumewhere you suspended.
vi unix.doc Starts the Vi text editor and opens the file unix.doc so you can edit it.
:q Quits the editor if the file hasn't changed.
:w Saves your work. Writes the contents of the buffer (or work space) over
the original file.
CTRL-z Suspends the editor. The editor remembers your files and buffers so you
can begin where you stopped when you issue the command fg.
fg Resumes the editor stopped with CTRL-z. The editor remembers your files and buffers so
you can resumewhere you suspended.
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